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Showing papers on "Blisters published in 2020"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The microstructure evolution of hydrogen-implanted 6H-SiC at different temperatures and fluences is investigated by using various experimental techniques in this article, where the authors found that both migration and coalescence are energetically cheaper in the case of H compared to He.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of the hydrogen incorporation, microstructure, and deposition mechanism indicate that in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) deposition, although the increase of substrate temperature reduces the hydrogen content, it risks the increased of porosity and molecular-hydrogen trapping, resulting in even more severe blistering.
Abstract: The formation of hydrogen blisters in the fabrication of tunnelling oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells critically degrades passivation. In this study, we investigated the formation mechanism of blisters during the fabrication of TOPCons for crystalline silicon solar cells and the suppression of such blisters. We tested the effects of annealing temperature and duration, surface roughness, and deposition temperature on the blister formation, which was suppressed in two ways. First, TOPCon fabrication on a rough surface enhanced adhesion force, resulting in reduced blister formation after thermal annealing. Second, deposition or annealing at higher temperatures resulted in the reduction of hydrogen in the film. A sample fabricated through low-pressure chemical vapor deposition at 580 °C was free from silicon–hydrogen bonds and blisters after the TOPCon structure was annealed. Remarkably, samples after plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 300, 370, and 450 °C were already blistered in the as-deposited state, despite low hydrogen contents. Analysis of the hydrogen incorporation, microstructure, and deposition mechanism indicate that in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) deposition, although the increase of substrate temperature reduces the hydrogen content, it risks the increase of porosity and molecular-hydrogen trapping, resulting in even more severe blistering.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of helium ion irradiation on the microstructure and retention of tungsten (W) and Tungsten-chromium (W-Cr) alloy films was studied.
Abstract: This study focuses on the influence of helium ion irradiation on the microstructure and retention of tungsten (W) and tungsten-chromium (W-Cr) alloy films. Under helium irradiation with fluence of 1.04 × 1022 He2+ / m2, blisters are found on the surfaces of both W film and W-Cr alloy film. The size and density of blisters on the surface of W-Cr alloy film are smaller than those of W film. As a result of grain refinement by the addition of 5% chromium, the density of grain boundaries in W-Cr alloy film is higher than that of W film. These grain boundaries trap helium atoms and reduce the effective mobility of helium atoms. Thereby, helium blister formation and helium released amount of W-Cr alloy film have been reduced compared to W film under helium irradiation.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that the intra-granular hydrogen blisters are nucleated at the edge dislocation core and develop along the (100) plane in tungsten.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address key properties of blister formation and growth by proving, in particular, that blisters evolve when the applied electrochemical potential value is reduced (cathodic regime), conversely to what has been believed for long.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Tungsten and tungsten-niobium alloy with niobium concentration of 5 wt% were exposed to deuterium plasma at ~470 − 506 K, with flux of ~1.8 − 1.8 × 1021 D/m2/s, an ion energy of 100 eV and fluence of 1.6 − 2.6 × 1025 D /m2, both the blister size of pure W and W-5Nb alloy continue to increase.
Abstract: Tungsten and tungsten-niobium alloy with niobium concentration of 5 wt% were exposed to deuterium plasma at ~470 – 506 K, with flux of ~1.8 × 1021 D/m2/s, an ion energy of 100 eV and fluence of 1.3 × 1025 D/m2 – 5.2 × 1025 D/m2. Before exposure, the hardness and Young's modulus as well as lattice parameter of W are improved due to Nb doping. After exposure, the TDS spectra can be deconvoluted into two major Gaussian peaks located at ~700–800 K and ~900–1000 K for all samples. At low fluence (1.3 × 1025 D/m2) and low temperature (470 K), only sparse and small blisters are formed on the pure W surface, while the strip-like surface structures are observed on the W-5Nb surface. The total D retention is significantly reduced due to the Nb doping, where the D retention in W-5Nb is 1.34 times lower than that of in pure W. With increasing fluence up to 2.6 × 1025 D/m2, both the blister size of pure W and W-5Nb alloy continue to increase. The blister size of W-5Nb alloy is slightly bigger than that of pure W, but the opposite trend is observed in blister density. The total D retention in W-5Nb alloy is also observed to be 1.38 times higher than that of pure W. Further increase of irradiation fluence (5.2 × 1025 D/m2) and temperature (506 K) at the same time lead to the significant increase of blister size and D retention for the pure W. However, whether the blister size or D retention are greatly suppressed in W-5Nb alloy. Moreover, the deuterium retention in W-5Nb is about 3 times less than that in pure W, implying that niobium alloying suppress the surface blistering and reduce the deuterium retention in tungsten exposed to D plasma with a fluence of 5.2 × 1025 D/m2 at 506 K.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fracture blisters cannot be assumed to be sterile with more than 10% of the sample being colonized, however, colonized aspirates may not predispose patients to increased infection rates.
Abstract: Introduction Fracture blisters are frequently encountered in orthopaedic trauma. Fracture blisters are associated with increased infection rates and wound breakdown. This study was performed to determine whether fluid aspirate from blisters is sterile or colonized. Materials and methods This is a retrospective review of a prospectively gathered cohort of patients. Patients with fracture blisters were recruited from a U.S. level I trauma center between 2011 and 2017. The blisters were aspirated under sterile conditions. Fluid was analyzed for gram stain and quantitative culture. Medical history obtained included blister location, presence of blood in blister, injury mechanism, gender, diabetes status and tobacco use. The demographic and behavioral descriptors were compared across positive aspirate or infection status using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results We enrolled 64 patients in the study, seven of which had colonized aspirates (10.9%). None of the potential risk factors were significantly associated. Tobacco use trended towards significance for a positive aspirate (p = 0.09), but not for infection (p = 0.61). We followed patients for an average of 4.6 months. Four patients went on to have surgical site infections and none of them had positive aspirates. Conclusion Fracture blisters cannot be assumed to be sterile with more than 10% of our sample being colonized. Blister rupture during surgery or prepping for surgery could represent a contamination of the sterile field. No risk factors were significantly associated with colonization in our sample. However, colonized aspirates may not predispose patients to increased infection rates.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of silicon content on the surface blistering of ZrSiN nanocomposite films after He ion irradiation and post-radiation annealing at the temperature of 600°C was investigated.
Abstract: In the present work, the influence of silicon content on the surface blistering of ZrSiN nanocomposite films after He ion irradiation (energy of 30 keV and doses up to 8 × 1016 cm−2) and post-radiation annealing at the temperature of 600 °C was investigated. Using SEM, TEM and AFM methods, the influence of amorphous/crystalline boundaries on the formation of blisters in the n-ZrN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites was studied. ZrSiN nanocomposite films (~300 nm thick) were deposited at 600 °C onto (001) Si wafers by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique. Silicon concentration was varied from 7.1 to 23.1 at.%. While helium ion irradiation (at the dose of 8 × 1016 cm−2) did not change the surface morphology of the nanocomposite films, the alteration of the surface was observed after vacuum annealing. It was revealed that post-radiation annealing (600 °C) of ZrN and Si3N4 mononitride films resulted in surface blistering at the dose of 5 × 1016 cm−2. Rather low blister density (0.017 μm−2) after post-radiation annealing at the dose of 5 × 1016 cm−2 was also observed for the nanocomposite film with 7.1 at.% Si content. As the irradiation dose increased up to 8 × 1016 cm−2, the surface density of blisters raised significantly (0.53 μm−2). It was found that increasing of Si concentration in the nanocomposite films was beneficial for their radiation resistance. The ZrSiN nanocomposite film with maximum Si content of 23.1 at.% was the most stable, with no sign of surface blistering being detected.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of mononitride films after irradiation with He ions (energy 40 keV and doses of 3 × 1017−1.
Abstract: This work is devoted to studying blistering in ZrN, AlN, and CrN films formed by reactive magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of mononitride films after irradiation with He ions (energy 40 keV and doses of 3 × 1017−1.1 × 1018 cm–2) at room temperature are analyzed by scanning, atomic force, and transmission electron microscopy. The critical doses of blistering are determined for ZrN (6 × 1017 cm–2), AlN (5 × 1017 cm–2), and CrN (6 × 1017 cm–2) films. The high density of blisters in ZrN films leads to the merging of neighboring blisters (average size 0.75 μm) and the formation of large blisters (average size 1.35 μm). The blisters in the AlN films have a regular round shape (average size 1.7 μm). The СrN films are characterized by the presence of open blisters having a two-level structure: an upper blister with a diameter of 2−10 μm and a lower one with a diameter of 1.2 μm. As follows from the TEM results, 40‑keV He-ion irradiation of the films and their subsequent vacuum annealing leads to the formation of chains of radiation-induced pores filled with helium in the region of the projective ion range Rp. The formation of extended cracks is found to occur in the Rp region of ZrN, which is caused by interbubble fracturing due to high excess pressure in pores located at a depth close to Rp.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) and mapping (LEIM) were used to in situ follow blistering on a model epoxy coated hot dip galvanized steel without any initial artificial defect during alternating Open Circuit Potential (OCP) / cathodic polarization cycles.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
03 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of surface roughness on hydrogen-induced blister behavior in pure iron was explored using optical microscopy and microcomputerized tomography, and it was found that grinded surface exhibits higher roughness and compressive residual stress compared to those of polished surface.
Abstract: The effect of surface roughness on hydrogen-induced blister behavior in pure iron was explored using optical microscopy and microcomputerized tomography. Hydrogen was introduced into the samples by electrochemical precharging methods with various hydrogen charging times. It is found that grinded surface exhibits higher roughness and compressive residual stress compared to those of polished surface. With increasing hydrogen charging time, hydrogen-induced blister height, blister width and blister area fraction increase, regardless of the grinded surface and polished surface. Further, hydrogen blister height and width of grinded surface are comparative to polished surface under the same hydrogen charging time. However, the blister area fraction and the number of blister on polished surface are considerably higher than the grinded surface, indicating that polished surface is more susceptible to the formation of blisters than that of grinded surface, both of surface and interior of the samples. This is dominantly rationalized in terms of the suppression effect of hydrogen invasion in grinded surfaces due to their higher residual compressive stress and higher dislocation density.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of high-energy irradiations of a plasma focus device, including pure Hydrogen (H) ions, pure Helium (He), and 50−50 H +He mixture was assessed.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2020-Vacuum
TL;DR: In this paper, tungsten samples were exposed by H ions under 5, 10 and 20 PF discharges in a Mather-type plasma focus device and the hydrogen retention and the produced damage in the surface were analyzed by SEM, XRD and ERDA after irradiation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an approach to reduce the blistering by releasing hydrogen or helium (H/He) through the grooved surfaces of PFM and verified the feasibility of this approach and the effectiveness of the transverse release of H/He.
Abstract: Although tungsten is considered as one of the primary candidates for plasma-facing material (PFM) in future fusion reactors, blistering induced by plasma irradiation adversely affects fusion reactors. To overcome blistering, in this study, we proposed an approach to reduce the blistering by releasing hydrogen or helium (H/He) through the grooved surfaces of PFM. In order to verify the feasibility of this approach and the effectiveness of the transverse release of H/He, the deep grooves as the channel simulants on the tungsten surface were fabricated with different spacing using focused ion beam (FIB). The result of helium irradiation shows that the presence of grooved surfaces can reduce blisters and inhibit the rapid growth of He blisters. In addition, the blistering reduced significantly with decreasing groove spacing, especially when the groove spacing is less than 2 µm. In addition, He-induced blistering shows obvious crystal orientation dependence, and the (001) surface shows the most serious radiation damage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Suction blister grafting (SBG) technique has been used for long to treat various skin conditions but there are some limitations of its use as time consumption, failure of induction or incomplete blister formation and pain.
Abstract: Background Suction blister grafting (SBG) technique has been used for long to treat various skin conditions. Different suction methods have been used such as syringes, Chinese cups, and suction device. There are some limitations of its use as time consumption, failure of induction or incomplete blister formation and pain. Aim The aim of this work was to evaluate the outcome of using two different suction techniques, namely the syringes and the Chinese cups in induction of suction blisters. The effect of the device diameter and preheating of the donor area on the suction blister induction time (SBIT) was studied. The effect of saline injection in the blister formation and its completion was also evaluated. Methods The study was a left-right comparative study that included 50 patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo. They were classified into four groups: Group 1 included 15 patients where different diameters of syringes (1.3, 1.7, and 2 cm) were compared against each other, group 2 included 15 patients where different diameters of cups (2, 3.5, and 5 cm) were compared against each other, group 3 included 20 patients subdivided into two groups; 10 patients each, where the effect of preheating the skin on blister induction was tested with use of cups (3a) and syringes (3b). Lastly, group 4 included randomly chosen 40 incomplete or multilocular blisters where the effect of saline injection on blister completion and coalescence of multilobulation was examined. SBIT was calculated in all patients. Results The use of the small diameter syringes or cups gave shorter SBIT; however, the difference, which was significant between all sizes of cups, was significant between the 1.3- and 2-cm-diameter syringes only. Preheating of the donor area shorten SBIT significantly. No complications were reported at the donor site except for transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in all patients. Conclusion The small diameter syringes or cups and preheating of the donor area shorten the SBIT, while intra-blister saline injection increased the blister size and turns the multilocular blisters to unilocular ones.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple immersion method is presented to accelerate the local failure of epoxy coatings in a Cu2+-containing solution, and an electrochemical-mechanical interaction model is proposed to interpret the local blistering and rupturing processes, in which the accelerated coating failure is attributed to local galvanic corrosion induced by Cu particles deposited on the substrate and the local delamination of the coating.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of blisters on the performance of protective coatings was investigated using optical microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electrochemical microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) measurement.
Abstract: In this work, the effect of blisters on the performance of protective coatings was investigated. Artificial blisters were generated by potentiostatic DC polarization of an epoxy-coated aluminum substrate and characterized using optical microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electrochemical microscopy, as well as by scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) measurement. Impedance measured above blisters displayed high values, typical of an intact undamaged coating. SKP measurement above the blister identified regions of likely corrosion beneath it, which was verified by SEM. SEM images showed pitting-like corrosion beneath the blisters, implying that high impedance measured on delaminated coatings may correspond to the delaminated polymeric film. SKP was also able to identify regions of invisible delamination.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on Foppl-von Karman (FvK) nonlinear plate theory, this paper derived an improved analytical solution for a better description of the cross-sectional profile of the straight-sided blister with straightsided ridge crack through considering the effect of hinge position caused by the ridge crack.
Abstract: Ridge-cracked blisters form when ridge cracking occurs in a biaxially compressed film on a relatively rigid substrate during buckle-delamination. The observation of telephone-cord (TC) blister with wavy ridge crack indicates that the ridge-cracked blister is not straight-sided as it used to be. How ridge cracking influences the profile of buckle-delamination remains unclear. Based on Foppl–von Karman (FvK) nonlinear plate theory, we derive an improved analytical solution for a better description of the cross-sectional profile of the straight-sided blister with straight-sided ridge crack through considering the effect of hinge position caused by the ridge crack. Following a similar procedure in the case of the straight-sided ridge-cracked blister, an approximate solution of FvK plate in curvilinear coordinates is further obtained for the cross-sectional profile of the TC ridge-cracked blister. The results show that the position of the ridge crack significantly modifies the asymmetry, the shape, and the maximum deflection of the cross-sectional profile of the resulting blister.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure of annealed single crystal 6H-SiC implanted with C+ and H2+ ions was characterized by glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigating the exfoliation efficiency and residual lattice defects in H-implanted SiC before and after annealing provides a basis for further understanding and improving the high-efficiency “ion-cut” technology.
Abstract: Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important material used in semiconductor industries and nuclear power plants. SiC wafer implanted with H ions can be cleaved inside the damaged layer after annealing, in order to facilitate the transfer of a thin SiC slice to a handling wafer. This process is known as “ion-cut” or “Smart-Cut”. It is worth investigating the exfoliation efficiency and residual lattice defects in H-implanted SiC before and after annealing. In the present paper, lattice damage in the 6H-SiC implanted by H2+ to a fluence of 5 × 1016 H2+/cm2 at 450 and 900 °C was investigated by a combination of Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Different levels of damage caused by dynamic annealing were observed by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy in the as-implanted sample. Atomic force microscopy and scanning white-light interferometry were used to observe the sample surface morphology. Surface blisters and exfoliations were observed in the sample implanted at 450 °C and then annealed at 1100 °C for 15 min, whereas surface blisters and exfoliation occurred in the sample implanted at 900 °C without further thermal treatment. This finding can be attributed to the increase in the internal pressure of platelets during high temperature implantation. The exfoliation efficiency, location, and roughness after exfoliation were investigated and possible reasons were discussed. This work provides a basis for further understanding and improving the high-efficiency “ion-cut” technology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple teaching aid simulating a hand and forearm with multiple blisters, created with readily available materials providing an effective, low‐cost, painless substitute for real‐life blisters is found to be extremely useful to teach patients, families, and professional groups how to drain EB blisters.
Abstract: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disorder with skin fragility resulting in easy blistering of skin and mucous membranes. A plane of cleavage exists even where there is no visible blister, so new blisters should be drained as soon as possible to prevent their expansion. Although, learning how to drain blisters safely and painlessly without introducing infection is essential, it can be a major challenge, especially for new parents and children. To avoid demonstrating the technique directly on patient's skin, we have devised a simple teaching aid simulating a hand and forearm with multiple blisters, created with readily available materials. In our experience, we have found this low-cost model to be extremely useful to teach patients, families, and professional groups, how to drain EB blisters and it provides an effective, low-cost, painless substitute for real-life blisters, empowering parents and engaging children.


Journal ArticleDOI
08 Apr 2020
TL;DR: Blistering occurs more slowly in high-concentration solutions and water is determined to be the main cause of blister formation.
Abstract: In this paper, blister formation on a lined fluoropolymer-steel substrate's exposure to water and hydrochloride acid solution at different temperatures and temperature gradients was studied. The higher the temperature gradient between the lining and the substrate, the faster the blister will form. In the absence of a temperature gradient, the temperature also affects the formation of blisters. The higher the working environment temperature, the faster the blistering will appear. Even so, the role of temperature gradients in promoting blistering is far greater than that of temperature. The concentration of HCl solution also affects the formation of blisters. Blistering occurs more slowly in high-concentration solutions and water is determined to be the main cause of blister formation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 52-year-old man was referred to us for recurrent, itchy blisters and painful erosions localized on his hands that appeared during summer and persisted despite application of topical corticosteroids and barrier creams.
Abstract: A 52-year-old man was referred to us for recurrent, itchy blisters and painful erosions localized on his hands. He worked as an administrative employee in a company. Comorbidities included hypertension, type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis. In addition, the patient was under immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine (2 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (25 mg/ day); this started after a heart transplantation performed eight years before. The lesions appeared during summer and persisted despite application of topical corticosteroids and barrier creams. Patch tests with common contact allergens were negative. Physical examination revealed multiple tense vesiculobullae of variable sizes (0.7–3.0 cm in diameter) and erosions on both hands. The lesions involved the palms, interdigital webs and dorsal aspects of the hands (Figure 1). The mucosae and other skin areas were spared. Two punch biopsies were taken from the border of a blister and from perilesional skin for histopathological and direct immunofluorescence examination, respectively. Multiple itchy blisters and painful erosions on the hands Case for Diagnosis


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, femtosecond laser pulses are used to confine energy deposition in any medium to a region that is below the focal diameter of a pulse, and the authors demonstrate this confinement by simulating femti-cond-laser-induced polymer modification by linear, two-photon and threephoton absorption, and discuss the control over energy absorption in polymers that multiphoton processes offer.
Abstract: Nonlinear absorption of femtosecond laser pulses provides a unique opportunity to confine energy deposition in any medium to a region that is below the focal diameter of a pulse. Illumination of a polymer film through a transparent high bandgap material such as glass, followed by nonlinear absorption of 800 nm light in polymers, allows us to further restrict absorption to a very thin layer along the propagation direction. We demonstrate this confinement by simulating femtosecond-laser-induced polymer modification by linear, two-photon and three-photon absorption, and discuss the control over energy absorption in polymers that multiphoton processes offer. Energy deposited behind a thin polymer film induces a protruding blister. We present experimental results of blister diameter and height scaling with pulse energy. Using 0.95 NA focussing, we obtained laser-induced blisters with diameters as small as 700 nm suggesting blister-based Laser-Induced Forward Transfer is possible on and below the single-micron scale. Sub-micrometer blister formation using femtosecond lasers also offers a novel method of direct, precise laser-writing of microstructures on films with single laser pulses. This method is a possible alternative to lithography, laser milling, and laser-based additive machining which leaves the surface composition unchanged.

Posted ContentDOI
09 Apr 2020-bioRxiv
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that subepidermal blisters heal primarily via the replenishment of keratinocytes from HF pools at the expense of HF growth and through the proper morphological transformation of the regenerated cells.
Abstract: Subepidermal blisters form through the detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. Despite such blisters being common in clinical practice, how they heal has not been fully elucidated. Here, we uncover the precise cellular contribution to subepidermal blister healing. The growth of hair follicles (HFs) was retarded during the healing processes of subepidermal blisters. The progeny of HF junctional zone stem cells (SCs), rather than those of epidermal SCs, were the main contributors to blister healing, and HF depletion from the wound bed through Col17a1 knockout verified the contribution of epidermal SC progeny. The wedge-shaped morphology of keratinocytes in the blistered skin helped cover the epidermal defects and was reduced by Col7a1 knockout or by extracellular calcium administration, resulting in delayed blister healing. These findings, corroborated by mathematical modeling and human blister samples, demonstrate that subepidermal blisters heal primarily via the replenishment of keratinocytes from HF pools at the expense of HF growth and through the proper morphological transformation of the regenerated cells. Our study paves the way for tailoring therapeutic interventions for subepidermal blistering diseases, including epidermolysis bullosa and pemphigoid diseases.

Patent
12 Mar 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, a base sheet consisting of a plurality of blisters formed therein, each of which has an opening and is configured for containing a unit dose of a deformable or fragile product, with a lid sheet attached to said base sheet for covering the openings of said blisters.
Abstract: This invention provides a blister pack comprising a base sheet having a plurality of blisters formed therein, each of which has an opening and is configured for containing a unit dose of a deformable or fragile product, with a lid sheet attached to said base sheet for covering the openings of said blisters. The blister pack further comprises a reinforcing sheet with cut-out sections that form ledges near said blister openings. Such ledges can be used for cutting the lid sheet at said blister openings and releasing the unit doses of said deformable or fragile product.


Patent
24 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a dry powder inhaler is described, which consists of a body forming a chamber, a strip of blisters containing blisters, a mouthpiece through which a dose of the drug is inhaled by the user, and a device for opening the blister.
Abstract: FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medical equipment, namely to a dry powder inhaler. Device comprises a body forming a chamber, a strip of blisters containing blisters. Blisters comprise a dose of a medicament for inhalation by a user. Each blister comprises a blister lid attached to the blister cavity. Strip of blisters is located inside the chamber. Inhaler comprises a drive element and a step-by-step movement system for sequential movement of each blister into the blister opening position in response to movement of the drive element. Device has a mouthpiece through which a dose of the drug is inhaled by the user, and a device for opening the blister. Device for opening a blister comprises a support element of the blister to support one of said blisters and a blister flexion element interacting with the supporting element of the blister. Blister flexion element and the blister supporting element are configured to move relative to each other between a first position allowing movement of said blister into or onto the support element of the blister, and a second opening position in which the blister flexion element has already performed a joint action with the support member of the blister. Movement from the first position to the second position leads to bending each of the two spaced apart portions of said blister relative to the rest of the blister along the corresponding fold line and to the support member of the blister to form two spaced apart holes, from which each hole extends along circumference of blister cavity, with beginning and ending in points located on fold line so that when user inhales through mouthpiece, through blister through two holes air flow is formed for entrainment of dose, contained in the blister, and its transfer from the blister and through the mouthpiece into the user's airways.EFFECT: facilitation of fast and unobstructed output of the powder from the blister, which improves accuracy of the dose emitted by the inhaler.15 cl, 12 dwg