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Blisters

About: Blisters is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 980 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16229 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of post-annealing time on blistering characteristics induced by 5 × ¼ cm−2 ion-implanted H in Si was studied in terms of the formation and growth of blisters.
Abstract: The influence of post-annealing time on blistering characteristics induced by 5 × 1016 cm−2 ion-implanted H in Si was studied in terms of the formation and growth of blisters. Ion energies consisted of 40 and 100 keV. Post-annealing treatments were carried out using furnace annealing (FA) at 400 and 500 °C for a duration of 0.25–3 h in a nitrogen ambient. Raman scattering spectroscopy (RSS), optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were utilized to analyze the defect complex phases, the appearance of optically-detectable blisters and craters, the average depth of craters, and the hydrogen and oxygen depth profiles in the implanted layer, respectively. Furthermore, a characteristic time for the growth of optically-detectable blisters which was determined from the blister-covered fractions for various post-annealing times is proposed and used as a criterion to identify the effectiveness in the formation and growth of optically-detectable blisters. The results revealed that the characteristic time for the 400 °C-annealed specimens in the 40 keV implant is much shorter than it is in the 100 keV one. However, the characteristic time for the 500 °C-annealed specimens in the 40 keV implant is slightly longer than it is in the 100 keV implant. In addition, both the characteristic times for the 500 °C-annealed specimens are much shorter than those for the 400 °C ones. The above-mentioned phenomena hold true for craters.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a commercially pure titanium grade 2 was implanted with nitrogen ions with a fluence of 1·1018 cm−2 and an accelerating voltage of 90kV.
Abstract: Commercially pure titanium grade 2 was implanted with nitrogen ions with a fluence of 1·1018 cm−2 and an accelerating voltage of 90 kV Surface blisters, a typical sign of oversaturation, were found to be sputtered without re-forming Massive cracking of the surface layer and the formation of surface pores were observed Self-ordered pores covered the entire surface, including the area of sputtered blisters Due to the surface defects, the implanted titanium surface had lower corrosion resistance than non-implanted titanium

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an approach to reduce the blistering by releasing hydrogen or helium (H/He) through the grooved surfaces of PFM and verified the feasibility of this approach and the effectiveness of the transverse release of H/He.
Abstract: Although tungsten is considered as one of the primary candidates for plasma-facing material (PFM) in future fusion reactors, blistering induced by plasma irradiation adversely affects fusion reactors. To overcome blistering, in this study, we proposed an approach to reduce the blistering by releasing hydrogen or helium (H/He) through the grooved surfaces of PFM. In order to verify the feasibility of this approach and the effectiveness of the transverse release of H/He, the deep grooves as the channel simulants on the tungsten surface were fabricated with different spacing using focused ion beam (FIB). The result of helium irradiation shows that the presence of grooved surfaces can reduce blisters and inhibit the rapid growth of He blisters. In addition, the blistering reduced significantly with decreasing groove spacing, especially when the groove spacing is less than 2 µm. In addition, He-induced blistering shows obvious crystal orientation dependence, and the (001) surface shows the most serious radiation damage.

4 citations

Patent
17 Mar 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a foldable and foldable blister pack consisting of a blister assembly (10) including two blister parts (11, 12) which are interconnected and fold-able towards each other, each part having a set of blisters.
Abstract: A blister pack comprises a blister assembly (10) including two blister parts (11, 12) which are interconnected and foldable towards each other, each blister part (11, 12) having a set of blisters (16). The blisters (16) of one blister part (11) are so offset relative to the blisters (16) of the other blister part (12) that, after folding, the blisters (16) of the two blister parts (11, 12) engage between each other. The blister pack further comprises a protective unit (20) including two closure panels (21, 22) and preferably one intermediate panel (23), which is defined by two folding lines (24, 25). The blister pack also comprises a supporting unit (30) including at least one base panel (31); which has at least one hole (33). The supporting unit (30) is connected to said blister assembly (10) such that the blister (16) of at least one blister part (11) are aligned with said at least one hole (33). The protective unit (20) includes a tab (26; 26'), which is connected to one closure panel (21) via at least one folding line (27; 27'). The supporting unit (30) is fixedly joined to said tab (26; 26') such that the closure panels (21, 22) cover said lid foils after folding of the blister assembly (10) and the protective unit (20).

4 citations

Patent
26 Sep 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a three layer laminate, the upper layer contg. blisters for holding the tablets, the bottom layer is a polymeric plastic which has a tear strength considerably greater than that of the intermediate layer.
Abstract: Tablets are stored in a blister package which comprises a three layer laminate, the upper layer contg. blisters for holding the tablets. The seal between the bottom and intermediate layers of the laminate has a bond strength less than that existing between the intermediate and upper layer. The bottom layer is of a polymeric plastic which has a tear strength considerably greater than that of the intermediate layer. The upper layer has a peripheral notch associated with each blister and the intermediate layer has a transverse cut adjacent to and spaced from each notch. The package is of a single dosage type and has dosage instructions printed on data layer which overlies the upper layer of the laminate. The integrity of the printed data is not destroyed when a table is removed from the blister. Moreover it is difficult for children to gain access to the tablets.

4 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202353
2022133
202118
202036
201922
201846