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Blisters
About: Blisters is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 980 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16229 citations.
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2 citations
TL;DR: A rare case of twins with Bart’s syndrome, who were born with congenital absence of skin and developed blisters on the skin and mucous membrane on the following days, which confirms the genetic basis of the syndrome.
Abstract: Bart’s syndrome is a combination of the following three criteria: congenital skin absence, blistering, and associated nail defects. We present a rare case of twins with Bart’s syndrome, who were born with congenital absence of skin and developed blisters on the skin and mucous membrane on the following days. Twins are identically affected, which confirms the genetic basis of the syndrome.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of stacking order of metal precursors on the formation of volume defects, such as blisters and nanopores, in CZTSSe thin-film solar cells was investigated.
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of the stacking order of metal precursors on the formation of volume defects, such as blisters and nanopores, in CZTSSe thin-film solar cells. We fabricated CZTSSe thin films using three types of metal-precursor combinations, namely, Zn/Cu/Sn/Mo, Cu/Zn/Sn/Mo, and Sn/Cu/Zn/Mo, and studied the blister formation. The blister-formation mechanism was based on the delamination model, taking into consideration the compressive stress and adhesion properties. A compressive stress could be induced during the preferential formation of a ZnSSe shell. Under this stress, the adhesion between the ZnSSe film and the Mo substrate could be maintained by the surface tension of a metallic liquid phase with good wettability, or by the functioning of ZnSSe pillars as anchors, depending on the type of metal precursor used. Additionally, the nanopore formation near the back-contact side was found to be induced by the columnar microstructure of the metal precursor with the Cu/Zn/Mo stacking order and its dezincification. Based on the two volume-defect-formation mechanisms proposed herein, further development of volume-defect-formation suppression technology is expected to be made.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the influence of porosity and blistering on the thermal fatigue behavior of tungsten was investigated, and the results highlight the necessity of a 'life cycle assessment' of the Tungsten PFM for nuclear fusion reactors.
Abstract: Tungsten is the leading plasma-facing material (PFM) for nuclear fusion applications. It faces severe operating conditions, including intense hydrogen plasma exposure and high-cycle transient heat loading, which create various defects in tungsten. Additionally, defects have often already been introduced during manufacturing. Little is understood regarding the synergistic effect of such defects on the lifetime of tungsten so far. Here, we investigate the influence of porosity and blistering on the thermal fatigue behavior of tungsten. The pores resulted from powder metallurgy whereas the blistering was induced by hydrogen plasma exposure. Both conditions were subjected to transient heat loading by a high-power pulsed laser. The exposure was performed in the linear plasma generator Magnum-PSI, which closely mimics the expected particle and heat flux in the world’s largest fusion experiment, ITER. Both porosity and blistering degraded the fatigue resistance of tungsten. Pores tended to aggregate at high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and assisted crack initiation therein, as revealed by focused ion beam cross-sectioning and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The blisters were characteristic of subsurface cavities, which were located at a depth close to the surface roughness induced by transient heat loading. The stress concentration at the tip of the cavities is considered to promote crack initiation. The results highlight the necessity of a ‘life cycle assessment’ of the tungsten PFM for nuclear fusion reactors.
2 citations