Blisters

About: Blisters is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 980 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16229 citations.

In situ confocal laser scanning microscopy of AA2024-T3 corrosion metrology III. Underfilm corrosion of epoxy-coated AA2024-T3

Abstract: Epoxy-coated AA2024-T3 samples were exposed to solutions of specific chloride concentration and pH. Underfilm corrosion processes were monitored in situ with confocal laser scanning microscopy. In near-neutral solutions, pitting at both intermetallic compounds and within the alloy matrix was observed during coating blister formation and growth. Evidence for anodic undermining/corrosion product wedging was obtained. In addition, general corrosion of the matrix led to a strong roughening of the surface. In acidic NaCI solutions, localized corrosion was observed at the original blister site. Thereafter, general attack on the Al-matrix near the original blister was more important than intermetallic particle corrosion. In acidic sulfate solutions, the coating started to fail at many locations on the sample at the same time due to attack of the coating and loss of adhesion at the interface. This more global failure is in agreement with electrochemical impedance measurements and the observation of numerous blisters on large-area panels.

Self-sealing shells: blowouts and blisters on the surfaces of leaky wind-blown bubbles and supernova remnants

Abstract: Blowouts can occur when a dense shell confining hot, high-pressure gas ruptures. The venting gas inflates a blister on the surface of the shell. Here we examine the growth of such blisters on the surfaces of wind-blown bubbles (WBBs) and supernova remnants (SNRs) due to shell rupture caused by the Vishniac instability. On WBBs the maximum relative size of the blister (Rbstall/R) is found to grow linearly with time, but in many cases the blister radius will not exceed 20 per cent of the bubble radius. Thus blowouts initiated by the Vishniac instability are unlikely to have a major effect on the global dynamics and properties of the bubble. The relative size of blisters on SNRs is even smaller than on WBBs, with blisters only growing to a radius comparable to the thickness of the cold shell of SNRs. The small size of the SNR blowouts is, however, in good agreement with observations of blisters in the Vela SNR. The difference in relative size between WBB and SNR blisters is due to the much higher speed at which gas vents out of WBBs, which translates into a greater energy flux through a rupture of a given size from interior gas of a given pressure. Larger blisters are possible if shell ruptures are bigger than expected. We expect the observed velocity structure of SNR shells to be affected by the presence of blisters until the shell is no longer susceptible to ruptures, since the initial expansion of blisters is faster than the ongoing expansion of the shell.

The effects of burn blister fluid on keratinocyte replication and differentiation.

Abstract: The optimal clinical care of burn blisters has not been determined. The effects of burn blister fluid and control serum on epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation were determined. Both burn blister fluid and serum decreased the cell responses necessary for healing of the burn wound by approximately 40%. The degree of suppression varied from 81% to 28% dependency on the specific burn blister fluid and cell tested. These data suggest that reepithelialization may be inhibited beneath burn blisters. We conclude that in most cases burn blisters should be debrided.

Interface-area-to-volume ratio of interstitial fluid in humans determined by pharmacokinetic analysis of netilmicin in small and large skin blisters.

Abstract: Human pharmacokinetics of netilmicin during multiple dosing were studied in serum and in the fluid of skin blisters with two different ratios of interface area to fluid volume. The kinetics in the blisters followed the serum concentration-time curve with a delay but with a similar elimination half-life of 2.4 h. The kinetics in the 40-microliters blisters followed closely the theoretically calculated concentrations of the peripheral compartment of a two-compartment model. In contrast, the concentrations in the 120-microliter blisters increased less rapidly, lower peaks were achieved, and concentrations decreased with a significantly longer delay. A very similar area-specific flow or clearance rate of 1.6 microliters.h-1.mm-2 was calculated for the interface area between the serum compartment and either the small or large blisters. The observed rapid mass transfer between serum and blister fluid suggests similar oscillations of concentrations in serum and in small interstitial fluid compartments.

Basement membrane components and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase in suction blisters of human skin

Abstract: SUMMARY Basement membrane components and collagen biosynthesis were studied in suction blisters in human skin. The basement membrane components were characterized by immunofluorescence using specific antibodies to type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin, and collagen biosynthesis was studied by assaying galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase. In suction blisters, the separation of epidermis and dermis occurred above the lamina lucida, indicating that the basement membrane, composed of lamina lucida and lamina dcnsa, forms a mechanically strong entity. During the regeneration phase of blisters, type IV collagen and laminin were not observed in the old epidermal blister roof. This indicates that keratinocytes when separated from the underlying basement membrane or connective tissue do not synthesize laminin or type IV collagen. GalactosylhydroxylysyJ glucosyltransferase activity could be demonstrated in blister fluid and was about the same as in serum when expressed on the basis of protein in fresh blisters. It increased by 2–3 fold during the repair of blisters, indicating that there was local production of this enzyme. Further studies revealed that pure epidermis contained galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase and hydroxyproline and this suggests that epidermis may synthesize some collagen type which, according to these studies, is not type IV (basement membrane) collagen.