Blisters

About: Blisters is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 980 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16229 citations.

Imaging the incipient electrochemical oxidation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Abstract: Oxidation of the first fractional carbon monolayer on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes is topographically manifested by the formation of well-defined surface blisters consisting of a solid skin covering a hollow interior. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the surface blisters formed by application of potentials from +1.4 to +1.63 V vs SSCE in 1.0 m KNO 3 are from 20 to 1000 nm high and from 0.5 to 50 μm at the base. Surface analyses by AFM, X-ray microprobe, and Auger electron spectroscopy indicate that the outermost layer of the blister skin is essentially intact HOPG lattice (at the atomic scale) while the interior ofthe blister top contains a layer of graphite oxide (EGO)

Blistering of molybdenum under helium ion bombardment

Abstract: Polished molybdenum targets have been bombarded with helium ions of energy from 7 to 80 keV in ultra-high vacuum. During bombardment the release of gas was continuously monitored and after bombardment the targets were examined in a scanning electron microscope. Blister formation was observed to occur after a critical dose of ∼ 5 × 1017 ions/cm2, and the appearance of blisters coincides with gas release from the surface. The average size of the blisters increases with energy but not with ion dose. In addition to room temperature observations, blisters have also been examined following high temperature bombardment of molybdenum, and room temperature bombardments of W, Pt, Ni, Cu and Zr targets.

Mechanics of spontaneously formed nanoblisters trapped by transferred 2D crystals.

Abstract: Layered systems of 2D crystals and heterostructures are widely explored for new physics and devices In many cases, monolayer or few-layer 2D crystals are transferred to a target substrate including other 2D crystals, and nanometer-scale blisters form spontaneously between the 2D crystal and its substrate Such nanoblisters are often recognized as an indicator of good adhesion, but there is no consensus on the contents inside the blisters While gas-filled blisters have been modeled and measured by bulge tests, applying such models to spontaneously formed nanoblisters yielded unrealistically low adhesion energy values between the 2D crystal and its substrate Typically, gas-filled blisters are fully deflated within hours or days In contrast, we found that the height of the spontaneously formed nanoblisters dropped only by 20-30% after 3 mo, indicating that probably liquid instead of gas is trapped in them We therefore developed a simple scaling law and a rigorous theoretical model for liquid-filled nanoblisters, which predicts that the interfacial work of adhesion is related to the fourth power of the aspect ratio of the nanoblister and depends on the surface tension of the liquid Our model was verified by molecular dynamics simulations, and the adhesion energy values obtained for the measured nanoblisters are in good agreement with those reported in the literature This model can be applied to estimate the pressure inside the nanoblisters and the work of adhesion for a variety of 2D interfaces, which provides important implications for the fabrication and deformability of 2D heterostructures and devices