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Blisters

About: Blisters is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 980 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16229 citations.


Papers
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01 May 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the causes of boat fiberglass blistering are investigated and a detailed summary of the work undertaken to investigate the cause of boat foam blistering is presented, including how blisters form, the Hull Material, Manufacturing Processes, Water Diffusion in Hull Materials, Stresses in Hull materials, Testing for Blister Resistance, Types of Blisters, Leaching of Substances from Hull Material; Long Term Effects of Water Up-Take.
Abstract: : This report is a highly-readable and condensed summary of the work undertaken to investigate the causes of blistering in fiberglass reinforced polyester composites, the structural material of many small boats, which are subject to blistering. The report is divided into the following sections: Introduction; How Blisters Form; the Hull Material; Manufacturing Processes; Water Diffusion in Hull Materials; Stresses in Hull Materials; Testing for Blister Resistance; Types of Blisters; Leaching of Substances from Hull Material; Long Term Effects of Water Up-Take. Keywords: Blisters, Boat fiberglass.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of tungsten blisters at the surface was investigated using SEM, AFM and EBSD to determine the size, the distribution and the orientation of grain where blisters are formed, respectively.
Abstract: This work deals with the formation kinetic of tungsten (W) blisters under smooth plasma conditions, i.e. low hydrogen flux and energy in order to analyze the first stages of their formation. In addition, we focus on determining the W grain orientation where blisters grow preferentially. For this purpose, mirror-polished polycrystalline tungsten samples were exposed to hydrogen plasma under fixed hydrogen flux of 2.2 × 1020 m−2 s−1, with a fluence in the range of ~ 1024 m−2, ion energy of ~ 20, 120 and 220 eV, and sample surface temperature of ~ 500 K. The formation of blisters at the surface was investigated using SEM, AFM and EBSD to determine the size, the distribution and the orientation of grain where blisters are formed, respectively. The critical fluence for initiating blisters was established around 2.3 × 1024 m−2. The evolution of blister size distribution and density is discussed as function of fluence and ion energy. At lower ion energy, i.e. 20 eV, only nanoblisters (less than 150 nm) are observed whatever the fluence value (1.5 and 2.3 × 1024 m−2). At higher ion energy i.e. 120 and 220 eV, micrometric (~ few to tens of µm) blisters are observed and their density highly depends on fluence. We show that blisters can also be formed on (001) oriented grains contrarily to previous results from the literature where the (111) orientation seemed more favorable. Such information is of importance for tungsten based fusion tokamak operation and design.

10 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results indicate that various proteinases are present in blisters fluids and that they may participate in the blister formation by degrading structural components of the basement membrane zone and the dermis.
Abstract: Blister fluid samples were collected from suction induced control blisters and from spontaneous blisters from various blistering diseases for the measurement of elastase-like enzyme activities using synthetic succinyl-L-(alanyl)3-paranitroanilide (SAPNA) and alanyl paranitroanilide (ala-PNA) as the substrates. The blister fluids derived from bullous pemphigoid, pyoderma or epidermolysis bullosa dystroficans lesions contained higher levels of elastase-like enzyme activities than burn blisters or fresh suction blisters. The gel filtration studies using Sepharose CL-4B chromatography revealed two major peaks of SAPNA hydrolysing enzyme activity in burn blister and in bullous pemphigoid blister. The first peak eluted in void volume, and the second peak had an apparent molecular weight of 2.5 X 10(5) daltons. The results indicate that various proteinases are present in blisters fluids and that they may participate in the blister formation by degrading structural components of the basement membrane zone and the dermis.

10 citations

Patent
28 Jun 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a unit for feeding articles to a blister band is described, where a casing has two apertures for a blister band to enter and come out of the casing.
Abstract: In a unit for feeding articles to a blister band, a casing has two apertures for a blister band to enter and come out of the casing. The casing supports and contains operative means for feeding articles to blisters made in the blister band. The casing is connected to a blistering machine for feeding the articles, and is removed from the blistering machine for cleaning and/or sterilizing the casing and the operative means in a suitable area.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a circular blister feature appeared in the chirped mirrors at a wide range of laser fluence, while only existed above a few percent of the damage threshold for the high-reflector.
Abstract: Multilayer dielectric mirrors (niobium pentoxide/silica) were irradiated by single 800 nm-38fs laser pulses. A circular blister feature appeared in the chirped mirrors at a wide range of laser fluence, while only existed above a few percent of the damage threshold for the high-reflector. Absorptive source of laser energy can be determined by combining theoretical simulation with focused ion beam technology. Mechanical analysis with a linear-elastic buckling model reveals the blister evolution belonging to a stable-buckling process until the blister radius confined by limited laser spot size.

10 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202353
2022133
202118
202036
201922
201846