Blisters

About: Blisters is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 980 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16229 citations.

Investigation of blistering kinetics in hydrogen implanted aluminium nitride

Abstract: Epitaxial layers of aluminium nitride (AlN) grown on sapphire by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE) were implanted with 100 keV hydrogen, H+2, ions with doses in the range of 5 × 1016–2.5 × 1017 cm−2 and subsequently annealed in ambient air at temperatures between 450 and 750 °C in order to determine the kinetics of surface blister formation in AlN. The Arrhenius plot of the blistering time versus temperature shows two different activation energies for the formation of surface blisters: 0.44 eV in the higher temperature regime of 550–750 °C and 1.16 eV in the lower temperature regime of 450–550 °C. The implantation-induced damage was analyzed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, which revealed a band of defects extending from 330 to 550 nm from the surface of AlN. The XTEM image of the implanted and annealed AlN displayed clearly the formation of microcracks that ultimately lead to the formation of surface blisters.

Syringes versus Chinese cups in harvesting suction‐induced blister graft: a randomized split‐body study

Abstract: Background Suction blister grafting (SBG) is a technique where the pigmented epidermis is harvested from the donor site by induction of a blister using different suction methods as syringes, Chinese cups, suction device, etc. However, pain, time consumption, incomplete blister formation, and failure of blister development are the main limitations. Objective To compare between cups and syringes of similar diameter in inducing suction blisters. Patients and methods In 30 patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo, 2-cm-diameter (20 ml) syringe was applied on the anterolateral aspect of one thigh and a 2-cm-diameter cup on the corresponding site of the other thigh where right and left sides were chosen randomly. Patients were observed untill complete blister development or for a maximum of 3 hours. Suction blister induction time (SBIT) and the blister diameter were recorded for each patient. Pain during the process of induction was evaluated. Results Incomplete blister development was noted in 9 out of 30 (30%) with 2 cm syringes and 6 out of 30 (20%) with the similar diameter cups with no significant difference (P = 0.49). No significant difference was found between SBIT induced by the 2 cm syringes and the similar size cups (101.17 ± 68.14 minutes, 98 ± 56.84 minutes, respectively) (P = 0.85). Meanwhile, blister diameter induced by either syringe or cup was not significantly different (P = 0.37). Anesthesia was for short duration with xylocaine, and pain was intolerable in both sides in the first seven patients. A combination of xylocaine and bupivacaine was used with prolonged loss of pain in 17 of the remaining 23 patients and tolerable pain in six patients similarly in both sides. Conclusion According to present results, the differences in SIBT, diameter of blisters, and number of complete blister formation induced by either syringes or cups of similar size were not significant. Therefore, whatever the available and feasible technique for the surgeon will be the ideal choice. A combination of xylocaine and bupivacaine is recommended to overcome the accompanying pain of the procedure.

Etiological Foundation for Practical Strategies to Prevent Exercise-Related Foot Blisters.

Abstract: This work outlines the etiological factors for exercise-related foot blisters and the pertinent prevention strategies related to these causes. Blisters result from shear forces within the epidermis causing cell necrosis. The extent of skin shear is influenced by friction at the skin and other interfaces, various skin characteristics, bony movement, and the shear modulus of the foot ware. The number of shear cycles is another factor in the development of blisters. Key preventative strategies include limiting the number of shear cycles, avoiding moisture and particulate accumulation next to the skin, frequent use of skin lubricants, elimination of pressure points through proper fitting and broken in shoes and callous removal, use of low shear modulus insoles, and induction of skin adaptations through proper training. Other methods requiring further research, but with theoretical support, include the use of taping and low friction patches over high-friction areas, and double-layered or toe socks.

Suction blisters in bullous pemphigoid and other dermatoses.

Abstract: SUMMARY Separation of the epidermis from dermis to produce blisters by means of suction has been studied in relation to bullous pemphigoid and certain other skin disorders. There is a correlation between the time taken to produce blisters and the activity of pemphigoid and it is suggested that the technique can be of value in following the course of this disease and as a quantitative method for studying epidermodermal adherence in vivo.