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Showing papers on "Bluetooth published in 1999"


Proceedings ArticleDOI
17 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a protocol called BLUEPACIP (Bluetooth Public Access Control Protocol) is proposed for mobility issues in Bluetooth networks, which is based on IP as a basis and additionally includes functionalities of mobile IP and cellular IP.
Abstract: We present protocol concepts for an extension of IP for mobility issues in Bluetooth networks. The protocol is called BLUEPAC IP, where BLUEPAC stands for "BLUEtooth Public ACcess". "Public access" means access to various kinds of information in public areas, e.g. airplane, train, hotel room, department store, museum. Bluetooth will reside in low-cost chips that provide wireless communication up to OSI Layer 2. By the end of this year many mobile devices, e.g. notebooks, PDAs, cell phones, will contain Bluetooth chips as a cable replacement. But Bluetooth is move powerful: with a suitable network protocol that inherits all aspects of IP, it will be possible to provide IP services over Bluetooth. BLUEPAC IP takes IP as a basis and additionally includes functionalities of mobile IP and cellular IP for local IP address assignment, routing issues and handoff support.

183 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Nov 1999
TL;DR: This paper argues that ad hoc routing protocols for Bluetooth must make a different set off design compromises compared to those being developed by the MANET working group, and describes the protocols for route discovery and packet forwarding.
Abstract: Bluetooth is a promising new technology for short range wireless connectivity between mobile devices. Initially, Bluetooth will be used as a replacement for point to-(multi)point cables. However, in due course of time, solutions for forming multihop ad hoc networks over Bluetooth (referred to as scatternets) will be needed. In this paper, we explore the design space of routing protocols over Bluetooth scatternets. We argue that ad hoc routing protocols for Bluetooth must make a different set off design compromises compared to those being developed by the MANET working group. These differences result primarily from the specific characteristics of the Bluetooth physical and link layer. Our proposed routing method is based on the concept of route vector, which is an efficient method for encoding source route paths in Bluetooth scatternets. We describe the protocols for route discovery and packet forwarding. Our design illustrates three main design compromises, namely minimization of soft-state, protocol simplicity, and bandwidth conservation, all of are crucial for efficient operation over small size Bluetooth scatternets.

152 citations


Patent
Torbjorn Larsson1, Donald R. Green1
29 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a system for operating a cellular phone using Bluetooth with a car kit is described, where the Bluetooth protocol is used to communicate between the cellular phone and the car kit.
Abstract: A system for operating a cellular phone using Bluetooth with a car kit is described. The Bluetooth protocol is used to communicate between the cellular phone and the car kit. A communication can be established between the cellular phone and the said car kit. In one mode, the car kit can be made to assume the identity of the cellular phone and transmit as if it were the cellular phone itself. In another mode, the car kit can become a hands-free set for the cellular phone which communicates with the cellular phone via Bluetooth.

125 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Nov 1999
TL;DR: This work proposes two new scheduling policies that utilize information about the size of the head-of-the-line (HOL) packet at the master and slave queues to schedule the TDD slots effectively and proposes a modified scheduling algorithm that gives good performance.
Abstract: We propose and study data scheduling and segmentation and reassembly (SAR) policies in Bluetooth. In such systems, the conventional scheduling policies such as round robin perform poorly as they are not suited to the tight coupling of uplink-downlink scheduling and result in slot wastage and unfairness. Scheduling in Bluetooth is complex due to (i) reserved slots for voice traffic, and, (ii) variable sized data packets. The reservation of voice slots at regular intervals results in non-contiguous TDD slots available for data. We propose two new scheduling policies that utilize information about the size of the head-of-the-line (HOL) packet at the master and slave queues to schedule the TDD slots effectively. These policies achieve high throughput and greater fairness compared to the round-robin based scheduling policies. We then study the SAR policies at the Bluetooth MAC. SAR policies have a significant effect on data scheduling as they govern the distribution of packet size. We propose two new SAR policies for Bluetooth that give good performance in terms of throughput, delay and fairness. Finally, we include channel errors in Bluetooth and propose a modified scheduling algorithm that gives good performance.

118 citations


01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: A collection of peer wireless mobile users within range of each other may dynamically form a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized server, as opposed to cellular systems.
Abstract: During the last couple of years, much attention has been brought to research and development of mobile ad hoc networks. In an ad hoc network, a collection of peer wireless mobile users within range of each other may dynamically form a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized server, as opposed to cellular systems.

84 citations


Patent
15 Nov 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a two-way radio protection against use of a cellular phone at a combustible delivery station, where one mode is active and detects operating cell phones at the gas station and the other mode is passive.
Abstract: Protection against use of a two way radio, e.g. a cellular phone, at a combustible delivery station. One mode is active, and detects operating cell phones at the gas station. The phones can be detected using Bluetooth. The pump can be turned off when the alarm is detected. Another mode is passive. This mode can be via shielding, alone or with RF jamming.

84 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 Jun 1999
TL;DR: This study presents a number of different network usage cases for Bluetooth ad-hoc piconets and a subset of these scenarios is further analysed by means of simulations, where the data traffic streams are modelled with IBP processes.
Abstract: The current research and development of short range radio technologies will provide new means to implement ad-hoc networking between cellular phones, notebook computers, and small, low powered devices such as electronic calendars. An industry consortium has recently released preliminary specifications for a short range radio technology named Bluetooth. The Bluetooth radio operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz with a transmission power in the range of -30-20 dBm. The Bluetooth radio nodes form ad-hoc networks called piconets, each of which offers a gross bit rate of 1 Mbps and allows a mix of voice and data communication channels. This study presents a number of different network usage cases for Bluetooth ad-hoc piconets and a subset of these scenarios is further analysed by means of simulations. A mix of data traffic and voice traffic is used in the simulations, where the data traffic streams are modelled with IBP processes. A worst case laptop conference scenario is simulated to stress the robustness of the Bluetooth system under very high load and bursty traffic conditions. Moreover, simulations are also made with measured voice traffic to study a mixture of bursty data and voice packet traffic.

77 citations


Patent
14 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the piconet-capable base units are placed and made members of separate wireless Piconet networks, but within conventional cordless telephone range of one another, e.g.
Abstract: Cordless telephone technology provides a long range and highly sophisticated wireless extension between a plurality of wireless piconet networks. In one embodiment, base units of separate cordless telephones include respective piconet front ends (e.g., Bluetooth protocol bearing RF front ends) in addition to the otherwise conventional RF front end. The piconet-capable base units are placed and made members of separate piconet networks, but within conventional cordless telephone range of one another, e.g., within one mile of one another. To allow communications between piconet devices on the separate wireless piconet networks, the cordless telephone base units pass piconet content information (i.e., the messages passed by a piconet device on a first piconet network including a first cordless telephone base unit intended for receipt by another piconet device on a second piconet network serviced by the other cordless telephone base unit. In another embodiment, a base unit of a cordless telephone is made a member of a first wireless piconet network while its remote handset is made a member of a second wireless base unit, and piconet content information is passed from a device on one wireless piconet network to another device on the other wireless piconet network over the wireless cordless telephone (e.g., 900 MHz or 2.4 GHz range) channel established between the cordless telephone base unit and its remote handset.

74 citations


Book ChapterDOI
Miia Hermelin1, Kaisa Nyberg1
09 Dec 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proved that the length of the key stream sequences produced by the Bluetooth stream cipher E 0 is strictly limited, and they showed how to break this limitation by using a small modification in the memory update function.
Abstract: In its intended usage the lengths of the key stream sequences produced by the Bluetooth stream cipher E 0 are strictly limited. In this paper the importance of this limitation is proved by showing that the Bluetooth stream cipher with 128 bit key can be broken in \(\mathcal{O}(2^{64})\) steps given an output key stream segment of length \(\mathcal{O}(2^{64})\). We also show how the correlation properties of the E 0 combiner can be improved by making a small modification in the memory update function.

50 citations


Patent
15 Sep 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an approach for facilitating handover of communication in a BLUEPAC (Bluetooth public access) or other radio communication system, where address and timing information associated with potential target base stations is collected and broadcast to mobile devices during operation of the radio communication systems.
Abstract: Apparatus, and an associated method, for facilitating handover of communication in a BLUEPAC (Bluetooth public access) or other radio communication system. Address and timing information associated with potential target base stations is collected and broadcast to mobile devices during operation of the radio communication system. The information is utilized by the mobile device during handover procedures to facilitate efficient handover of communications to a selected target base. In a further implementation, a base station is provided with separate, dedicated transmitters in which a first set of dedicated transmitters is dedicated for setup operations with a mobile device during handover operation and another set of dedicated transmitters is dedicated for regular data communications.

42 citations


Patent
19 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a Bluetooth communication unit including communication circuitry configured to communicate wireless signals using a plurality of communication links of a piconet according to a Bluetooth protocol is presented, and processing circuitry coupled with the communication circuitry and configured to at least one of provide data into packets to be communicated in slots using the communication links and retrieve data from packets communicated in slot using the links, the processing circuitry being further configured to analyze the communication link and to prioritize an order of communication of the packets responsive to the analysis.
Abstract: Bluetooth communication units, wireless communication systems, wireless communication devices, Bluetooth communication methods, and wireless communication methods are provided. One aspect of the invention provides a Bluetooth communication unit including communication circuitry configured to communicate wireless signals using a plurality of communication links of a piconet according to a Bluetooth communication protocol; and processing circuitry coupled with the communication circuitry and configured to at least one of provide data into packets to be communicated in slots using the communication links and retrieve data from packets communicated in slots using the communication links, the processing circuitry being further configured to analyze the communication links of the piconet and to prioritize an order of communication of the packets responsive to the analysis.

Patent
10 Nov 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method for distributing to a portable device via a wireless network 30, information relating to a subject of interest based on a location of the portable device 6.
Abstract: System and method for distributing to a portable device 6 via a wireless network 30, information relating to a subject of interest based on a location of the portable device 6. The portable device 6 has a receiver 20 for receiving from a terrestrial positioning system 15 (e.g LORAN, GPS), signals specifying positional information for the device and is arranged to transmit to a server 8 over the wireless network 30, a query incorporating the positional information. The server 8 may then determine from the positional information an address for a block of information relating to a subject of interest associated with that positional information, whereby the block of information may be retrieved and transmitted to the portable device over the wireless network 30 or the address may be transmitted to the device to enable a user to request transmission of the block. Preferably, the blocks of information are provided on an Internet or Intranet 7, the query is in the form of a URL and the portable device is arranged to support a Web browser. To provide better accuracy when using a GPS positioning system, a differential GPS system may be used, where the portable device may receive error information from a differential GPS device 40 or via the server 8. The invention has uses in areas such as shopping centres, supermarkets, museums and leisure parks where the information of interest may relate respectively to nearby shops, special offers, exhibits and rides. There are provisions for tailoring and storing the information and for adapting a standard device for use a the portable device, e.g. a PCMCIA card with wireless LAN and GPS interfaces. May use HomeRF, Bluetooth, UMTS or Wireless LAN.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1999
TL;DR: This paper presents the design rationale and implementation experience of building the BlueSky system, a low-cost, lowpower, indoor RF wireless networking solution for handheld devices, and recommends making a slight modification to the dialup networking stack of palmtop computers.
Abstract: Palmtop computers are rapidly becoming the popular platform of choice for running personal productivity applications, but their networking capabilities are still lagging behind user expectations. Due to memory size, cost, and power considerations most palmtop computers support only limited form of point-to-point communication, namely, connection via a PSTN modem or a serial RS-232 cable. Due to wired point-to-point nature of these interfaces, satisfactory solutions for multi-point communication and direct LAN connection do not yet exist.. The BlueSky project aims at providing a low-cost, lowpower, indoor RF wireless networking solution for handheld devices. Our solution consists of two components; a BlueSky wireless attachment that plugs into the standard serial port of any palmtop device, and a LAN access point that acts as a layer 213 bridge between the wireless and the wired part of the network. Palmtop devices use dialup networking software and PPP to connect via BlueSky to the network. BlueSky enables MobileIP style seamless roaming between access points without requiring any changes to the communication stack of plamtop devices. Our roaming enhancements to PPP are implemented in the PPP server, the access point, and the BlueSky attachment, all of which are completely transparent to the palmtop device. In this paper, we present our design rationale and implementation experience of building the BlueSky system. We show in what ways low cost, low power, and form factor constraints affect the choice of protocols and function placement in wireless networking systems. We use PPP based mobility solution as an example to illustrate what design adjustments and compromises one has to make to build a working solution. Based on our experience, we recommend making a slight modification to the dialup networking stack of palmtop computers. Our proposed modification offers an efficient, lower cost, and lighter-weight wireless networking solution which is particularly attractive for enabling mobility over emerging short range, low power wireless technologies, such as IrDA, HomeRF and Bluetooth. Permission Lo make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the tirst page. To copy otherWe, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists. rcquircs prior specific permission and/or a fee. Mobicorn ‘99 Scat& Washington USA Copyright ACM 1999 I-581 13-142-9/99/08...$5.00

Patent
27 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the radio on board the airplane operates in bluetooth mode to send a global poll to all devices requesting that they respond, if a device responds, then it indicates that the device is on at an unauthorized time.
Abstract: A device uses bluetooth techniques to communicate with electronic devices in an airplane. During take off or landing, the radio on board the airplane operates in bluetooth mode to send a global poll to all devices requesting that they respond. If a device responds, then it indicates that the device is on at an unauthorized time. This informs the crew that they should try to find the unauthorized device and turn it off.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief overview of optical wireless systems that have been designed for short distance, primarily indoor applications, is presented, and compared and contrasted with equivalent radio systems and discuss in detail the key differences.
Abstract: Optical wireless has languished in the shadow of radio primarily because of its limited range, despite the promise of a significantly greater bandwidth. There has been much development on radio systems and the new Bluetooth architecture holds much promise. This, coupled with the fact that the capacity of commercial optical wireless systems has not lived up to expectations, means that the gap between the two performance specs is very narrow. What therefore is the differentiator? Has optical wireless reached its limit? In this paper we investigate this by first giving a brief overview of optical wireless systems that have been designed for short distance, primarily indoor applications. We then compare and contrast these with equivalent radio systems and discuss in detail the key differences. To close we offer an informed view of what the future holds for optical wireless.

Proceedings Article
09 Dec 1999
TL;DR: The importance of this limitation is proved by showing that the Bluetooth stream cipher with 128 bit key can be broken in \(\mathcal{O}(2^{64})\) steps given an output key stream segment of length \(O(2^64))\).

Proceedings ArticleDOI
11 Oct 1999
TL;DR: This paper surveys several popular, contemporary, wireless, random access MAC protocols and determines the effects behind the design choices on these protocols and concludes that some protocols are better than others.
Abstract: Mobile computing will be much used in the future, as is evident by such initiatives as Bluetooth, Iceberg and HomeRF. However, for mobile computing to be successful, an obvious layer, the MAC layer, must be efficient in channel access and reservation. Therefore, in-depth understanding is needed of the wireless MAC layer if wireless computing is to takeoff. Many random access wireless MAC protocols have been proposed and standardized. However, there has not yet been an attempt to understand why certain designs are used and what makes certain protocols better than others. In this paper, we survey several popular, contemporary, wireless, random access MAC protocols and determine the effects behind the design choices on these protocols.


Patent
27 Dec 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a wireless terminal that enables AV data transfer processing utilizing an RTP protocol on a wireless system where a logical channel is set in advance, and communication is started, such as Bluetooth.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wireless terminal, that enables AV data transfer processing utilizing an RTP protocol on a wireless system where a logical channel is set in advance, and communication is started, such as Bluetooth. SOLUTION: An RTCP packet is transferred between wireless terminals 101, 102 by using a logical channel different from an RTP packet. That is, the wireless terminals 101, 102 set logical channels 1-3, 4-6 for video/RTP, audio/ RTP, control information/RTCP, the wireless terminal 101 writes destination logical channels 4, 5 for the video/RTP, the audio/RTP and transmits them to the wireless terminal 102, the destination logical channel 6 is used for the control information/RTCP directed from the wireless terminal 101 to the wireless terminal 102, and the destination logical channel 3 is used for the control information/RTCP directed from the wireless terminal 102 to the wireless terminal 101. COPYRIGHT: (C)2001,JPO

01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: The mobile industry is now going to add the possibility to use data communication on the move, and many new technologies for this purpos ...
Abstract: Many people have adopted the mobile phone in the last years. The mobile industry is now going to add the possibility to use data communication on the move. Many new technologies for this purpos ...

Patent
26 Aug 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the master side transmits a predetermined packet from the Bluetooth module to allow the transmission of data to at least one or more slave Bluetooth modules in sequence, a predetermined data packet transmission from the slave Bluetooth module receiving received received demodulated and provided to the host, receiving receives an additional packet to enable the data transmission sent by the master transmission Bluetooth module in theslave Bluetooth module, respectively modulates the transmission data in the host and provides it to the master transmissions Bluetooth module.
Abstract: In the short-distance wireless communication method using the Bluetooth, the master side transmits a predetermined packet from the Bluetooth module to allow the transmission of data to at least one or more slave Bluetooth module in sequence, a predetermined data packet transmission from the slave Bluetooth module receiving received demodulated and provided to the host, receiving receives a predetermined packet to allow the data transmission sent by the master transmission Bluetooth module in the slave Bluetooth module, respectively modulates the transmission data in the host and provides it to the master transmission Bluetooth module.