Showing papers on "Bluetooth published in 2005"

Social serendipity: mobilizing social software

Abstract: Many mobile devices incorporate low-power wireless connectivity protocols, such as Bluetooth, that can be used to identify an individual to other people nearby. We have developed an architecture that leverages this functionality in mobile phones - originally designed for communication at a distance - to connect people across the room. Serendipity is an application of the architecture. It combines the existing communications infrastructure with online introduction systems' functionality to facilitate interactions between physically proximate people through a centralized server. A new mobile-phone-based system uses Bluetooth hardware addresses and a database of user profiles to cue informal, face-to-face interactions between nearby users who don't know each other, but probably should.

Bluetooth and Wi-Fi wireless protocols: a survey and a comparison

Abstract: Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) are two communication protocol standards that define a physical layer and a MAC layer for wireless communications within a short range (from a few meters up to 100 m) with low power consumption (from less than 1 mW up to 100 mW). Bluetooth is oriented to connecting close devices, serving as a substitute for cables, while Wi-Fi is oriented toward computer-to-computer connections, as an extension of or substitution for cabled LANs. In this article we offer an overview of these popular wireless communication standards, comparing their main features and behaviors in terms of various metrics, including capacity, network topology, security, quality of service support, and power consumption.

Diagnostic radio frequency identification sensors and applications thereof

Abstract: An integrated passive wireless chip diagnostic sensor system is described that can be interrogated remotely with a wireless device such as a modified cell phone incorporating multi-protocol RFID reader capabilities (such as the emerging Gen-2 standard) or Bluetooth, providing universal easy to use, low cost and immediate quantitative analyses, geolocation and sensor networking capabilities to users of the technology. The present invention can be integrated into various diagnostic platforms and is applicable for use with low power sensors such as thin films, MEMS, electrochemical, thermal, resistive, nano or microfluidic sensor technologies. Applications of the present invention include on-the-spot medical and self-diagnostics on smart skin patches, Point of Care (POC) analyses, food diagnostics, pathogen detection, disease-specific wireless biomarker detection, remote structural stresses detection and sensor networks for industrial or Homeland Security using low cost wireless devices such as modified cell phones.

Mobile Telephone All In One Remote Key Or Software Regulating Card For Radio Bicycle Locks, Cars, Houses, And Rfid Tags, With Authorisation And Payment Function

Abstract: The “All In One Remote Keys” (AIORK) for (GSM, UMTS, W-LAN, Bluetooth, RFID-transceiver) mobile phones and/or extension kits is a universal key for all kind of locks, gates or entrances and it has a direct payment- and clearing function for electronic (Bluetooth, WLan, GSM and esp. NFC RFID-) cash payments for all consumed accesses, services or information. The input can be made by fingerprint or oral with direct biometric sensor confirmation. The NFC transceiver is for: Info-download, direct-cash-payment, access-control, function control, authentification of internet-auctions, -betting and -stock transactions and of such information and over all for RFID-tag identification of worthy objects, electronic devices and parts etc. with GSM based Internet website or account clearing. And it is running and lets manage a mobile-phone-platform with video-clip-hitcharts, which is with fingerprint-sensor authentication the best quality bringing solution for e.g. news etc. looking mobile video phone user/consumer and which is so finally the only functioning or establishing mobile video phone solution.

Toward multistandard mobile terminals - fully integrated receivers requirements and architectures

Abstract: In the recent past, there has been an evolution in wireless communications toward multifunctions and multistandard mobile terminals. Reducing the number of external components to a minimum is key when the same mobile terminal has to process several different standards. Highly integrated solutions in low-cost silicon technologies are thus required. Zero-IF and low-IF receiver architectures are most suitable for a high level of integration. This paper presents a review of global system for mobile communications, universal mobile telecommunication system, Bluetooth, and wireless local area network (IEEE802.11a, b, g and HiperLAN2) standards, likely to all be present in the "universal" terminal of the future, enabling global roaming and wireless connectivity. The various standards are analyzed in order to find the optimal architecture and the building-block specifications for the receive section, with particular care to the RF front-end. State-of-the-art solutions are discussed, with emphasis on direct conversion CMOS implementations. A multistandard architecture for a fully-integrated CMOS receiver is proposed.

Coexistence of IEEE802.15.4 with other Systems in the 2.4 GHz-ISM-Band

Abstract: Wireless systems continue to rapidly gain popularity. This is extremely true for data networks in the local and personal area, which are called WLAN and WPAN, respectively. However, most of those systems are working in the license-free industrial scientific medical (ISM) frequency bands, where neither resource planning nor bandwidth allocation can be guaranteed. To date, the most widespread systems in the 2.4 GHz ISM band are IEEE802.11 as stated in IEEE Std. 802-11 (1997) and Bluetooth, with ZigBee based in IEEE Std. 802.15.4 (2003) and IEEE802.15.4 as upcoming standards for short range wireless networks. In this paper we examine the mutual effects of these different communication standards. Measurements are performed with real-life equipment, in order to quantify coexistence issues

ZigBee and Bluetooth strengths and weaknesses for industrial applications

Abstract: Most industry analysts are forecasting explosive growth in the use of wireless data network technologies in industrial applications. For both ZigBee and Bluetooth separate alliances of companies worked to develop specifications covering the network/link, security and application profile layers so that the commercial potential of the standards could be realized. Real industrial wireless networks are inevitably be hybrids including ZigBee/802.15.4 and Bluetooth in complementary roles that suit the characteristics of each. The key to success is in deploying the right wireless technologies for the requirements of the application and avoiding the temptation of trying to make one technology meet all needs.

Handbook Of Networked And Embedded Control Systems

Abstract: Preface Part I. Fundamentals Fundamentals of Dynamical Systems Control of Single-Input Single-Output Systems Basics of Sampling and Quantization Discrete-Event Systems Introduction to Hybrid Systems Finite Automata Basics of Computer Architecture Real-Time Scheduling for Embedded Systems Network Fundamentals Part II. Hardware Basics of Data Acquisition and Control Programmable Logic Controllers Digital Signal Processors Microcontrollers SOPCs: Systems on Programmable Chips Part III. Software Fundamentals of RTOS-Based Digital Controller Implementation-Aware Embedded Control Systems From Control Loops to Real-Time Programs Embedded Real-Time Control via MATLAB, Simulink, and xPC Target LabVIEW Real-Time for Networked/Embedded Control Control Loops in RTLinux Part IV. Theory An Introduction to Hybrid Automata An Overview of Hybrid Systems Control Temporal Logic Model Checking Switched Systems Feedback Control with Communication Constraints Networked Control Systems: A Model-Based Approach Control Issues in Systems with Loop Delays Part V. Networking Network Protocols for Networked Control Systems Control Using Feedback over Wireless Ethernet and Bluetooth Bluetooth in Control Embedded Sensor Networks Part VI. Applications Vehicle Applications of Controller Area Network Control of Autonomous Mobile Robots Wireless Control with Bluetooth The Cornell RoboCup Robot Soccer Team: 1999-2003 Index

Cracking the Bluetooth PIN

Abstract: This paper describes the implementation of an attack on the Bluetooth security mechanism. Specifically, we describe a passive attack, in which an attacker can find the PIN used during the pairing process. We then describe the cracking speed we can achieve through three optimizations methods. Our fastest optimization employs an algebraic representation of a central cryptographic primitive (SAFER+) used in Bluetooth. Our results show that a 4-digit PIN can be cracked in less than 0.3 sec on an old Pentium III 450MHz computer, and in 0.06 sec on a Pentium IV 3Ghz HT computer.

Bluetooth telemedicine Processor for multichannel biomedical signal transmission via mobile cellular networks

Abstract: One of the emerging issues in m-Health is how best to exploit the mobile communications technologies that are now almost globally available. The challenge is to produce a system to transmit a patient's biomedical signals directly to a hospital for monitoring or diagnosis, using an unmodified mobile telephone. The paper focuses on the design of a processor, which samples signals from sensors on the patient. It then transmits digital data over a Bluetooth link to a mobile telephone that uses the General Packet Radio Service. The modular design adopted is intended to provide a "future-proofed" system, whose functionality may be upgraded by modifying the software.

Synchronized media streaming between distributed peers

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing synchronous playback of the same piece of time-based media on multiple devices connected over heterogenous channels consisting of varying degrees of delay. The preferred embodiment of the invention is a handheld music player that uses a Wi-Fi or Bluetooth communications link to enable users to share music with similar nearby players and to synchronously play back the same music different players simultaneously. Users of all players tuned into one source hear the same thing at the same time, enabling the feeling of a shared music experience. Users can also use their players to exchange profile information and text messages.

What is Bluetooth

Abstract: Bluetooth is a standard for short range, low power, and low cost wireless communication that uses radio technology. Over 2100 companies around the world already support Bluetooth technology. The wireless personal area network (WPAN) technology, based on the Bluetooth specification, is now an IEEE standard under the denomination of 802.15 WPANs. This work presents an overview about the Bluetooth communication . Bluetooth wireless technology encompasses several key points that facilitate its widespread adoption: 1) it is an open specification that is publicly available and royalty free; 2) its short-range wireless capability allows peripheral devices to communicate over a single air-interface, replacing the cables that use connectors with a multitude of shapes, sizes and numbers of pins; 3) Bluetooth supports both voice and data, making it an ideal technology to enable many types of devices to communicate; and 4) Bluetooth uses an unregulated frequency band available anywhere in the world.. To fully realize the Bluetooth vision, full networking of multiple Bluetooth devices is required. This leads to the investigation of Bluetooth scatternets, which must address scatternet formation and reconfiguration, scheduling, and routing issues.

Systems and methods for populating a ticker using multiple data transmission modes

Abstract: Content to be presented on a ticker of a communication device is conveyed by being transmitted using one or more transmission modes that are intelligently selected according to various criteria. The mode is chosen from among a plurality of transmission modes available, such as Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMAX or other 802.11 wireless networks; AM or FM radio waves; paging networks; paging channels on cellular or PCS networks; SMS transmissions; and vertical blanking interrupts on TV transmissions. Selection of the transmission mode is based in part upon at least one consideration, such as: content size, type or subject matter; user preferences; location of the communication device; available bandwidth; current network loads; time of day; the number of other users receiving the same content, and; transmission cost. Once the mode is selected, content is transmitted to the communication device and presented in a ticker of the device.

A ubiquitous mobile communication architecture for next-generation heterogeneous wireless systems

Abstract: Rapid progress in research and development of wireless networking and communication technologies have created different types of wireless systems (e.g., Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, UMTS, and satellite networks). These systems are envisioned to coordinate with each other to provide ubiquitous high-data-rate services to mobile users. In this article, the architecture for ubiquitous mobile communications (AMC) is introduced that integrates these heterogeneous wireless systems. AMC eliminates the need for direct service level agreements among service providers by using a third party, a network interoperating agent. Instead of deploying a totally new infrastructure, AMC extends the existing infrastructure to integrate heterogeneous wireless systems. It uses IP as the interconnection protocol. By using IP as the gluing protocol, transparency to the heterogeneities of the individual systems is achieved in AMC. Third-party-based authentication and billing algorithms are designed for AMC. New mobility management protocols are also developed to support seamless roaming between different wireless systems.

Personal shared playback

Abstract: Synchronization of a group of mobile devices so that each mobile device substantially simultaneously and synchronously plays a selected piece of content (e.g., a compressed music file). Implementations can selectively allow mobile devices to transfer content and control information via a wireless connection such as a Bluetooth connection. Via this data transfer, each mobile device can be synchronized with respect to content to be played and the timing of the playback. Each of the users of the group of mobile devices can have a personal experience (i.e., experiencing the playback without disturbing people that are not part of the group), but at the same time share the experience with the other users of the group. For example, users can experience a musical performance in a public place that no one but themselves can hear.

Combined short range radio network and cellular telephone network for interpersonal communications

Abstract: Portable communication devices, such as Bluetooth enabled cellular phones, communicate with and identify like devices that are nearby, and send notification messages to a remote server. When a notification message is received at the server identifying two devices that have come within range of one another, the server compares the profile data associated with each of the two identified devices and facilitates communications between the devices when appropriate.

A wearable point-of-care system for home use that incorporates plug-and-play and wireless standards

Abstract: A point-of-care system for continuous health monitoring should be wearable, easy to use, and affordable to promote patient independence and facilitate acceptance of new home healthcare technology. Reconfigurability, interoperability, and scalability are important. Standardization supports these requirements, and encourages an open market where lower product prices result from vendor competition. This paper first discusses candidate standards for wireless communication, plug-and-play device interoperability, and medical information exchange in point-of-care systems. It then addresses the design and implementation of a wearable, plug-and-play system for home care which adopts the IEEE 1073 Medical Information Bus (MIB) standards, and uses Bluetooth as the wireless communication protocol. This standards-based system maximizes user mobility by incorporating a three-level architecture populated by base stations, wearable data loggers, and wearable sensors. Design issues include the implementation of the MIB standards on microcontroller-driven embedded devices, low power consumption, wireless data exchange, and data storage and transmission in a reconfigurable body-area network.

Wireless sensor and data transmission needs and technologies for patient monitoring in the operating room and intensive care unit

Abstract: In the intensive care unit, or during anesthesia, patients are attached to monitors by cables. These cables obstruct nursing staff and hinder the patients from moving freely in the hospital. However, rapidly developing wireless technologies are expected to solve these problems. To this end, this study revealed problem areas in current patient monitoring and established the most important medical parameters to monitor. In addition, usable wireless techniques for short-range data transmission were explored and currently employed wireless applications in the hospital environment were studied. The most important parameters measured of the patient include blood pressures, electrocardiography, respiration rate, heart rate and temperature. Currently used wireless techniques in hospitals are based on the WMTS and WLAN standards. There are no viable solutions for short-range data transmission from patient sensors to patient monitors, but potentially usable techniques in the future are based on the WPAN standards. These techniques include Bluetooth, ZigBee and UWB. Other suitable techniques might be based on capacitive or inductive coupling. The establishing of wireless techniques depends on ensuring the reliability of data transmission, eliminating disturbance by other wireless devices, ensuring patient data security and patient safety, and lowering the power consumption and price

Automatic resource availability using Bluetooth

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for automatically sharing data resources between Bluetooth devices. A Bluetooth device is paired with a “trusted” Bluetooth device. When paired devices are found, the Bluetooth device automatically allows the other device to present a virtual representation of data that is shared. The shared data can be selectively downloaded for use by the other device as long as the devices are in proximity. In an alternate embodiment, the devices may share pairing information with a network, so that the same shared resource can be made available at a large number of access points but specifically only for one paired, trusted device.

Applying the ISO/IEEE 11073 standards to wearable home health monitoring systems.

Abstract: Objective. The goal of this effort was to investigate the feasibility of applying the ISO/IEEE 11073 (a.k.a. X73) standards, originally intended for bedside monitoring in hospital environments, to wearable, multi-sensor monitoring systems designed for home healthcare. Methods. The X73 upper-layer sub-standards (i.e., nomenclature specification, domain information model, application profiles, and vital sign device descriptions) were adopted and implemented on microcontroller-based sensor hardware to provide plug-and-play medical components. Three types of system elements (base stations, data loggers, and sensor units) perform the functionality required in this standards-based home health monitoring system and communicate using Bluetooth wireless modules. The base station incorporates a LabVIEW interface running on a personal computer. Each data logger and sensor unit is implemented on a microcontroller-driven embedded platform. Sensor units include wearable sensors (e.g., electrocardiograph, pulse oximeter) and nearby sensors (e.g., weight scale, ambient environment sensors). Results. The standards-based prototype system with an open architecture achieves plug-and-play performance suitable for a home environment. Each wireless element in the body/home area network can automatically detect other nearby devices, associate with them, and exchange data with them as appropriate. Conclusions. With minor modifications, the X73 standards can be successfully applied to wearable, wireless, point-of-care systems in the home.

System and method for generation of interest -based wide area virtual network connections

Abstract: A system and method that allows users of wireless mobile devices such as cellular telephones to automatically identify one another, alert users to detection of nearby users, transmit information of common interest and communicate in real-time at increased distances. Two mobile devices may in embodiments identify one another using Bluetooth or other short-range wireless communications, and exchange Bluetooth Identification Keys or other identification data. The identification keys may be correlated in an instant network server or other network intelligence, which may then set up a second, wide-area, real-time connection between the users. The users may then communicate in real time over the wide-era network using SMS, MMS, wireless IP, voice channel, or other networks, connections or protocols. The users may thus pass out of short-range wireless range and still maintain real-time wide-area communication with users or institutions who have registered common interests, activities or pursuits. The invention may be used in social networking, gaming, retail and other applications.

The Intel/sup /spl reg// mote platform: a Bluetooth-based sensor network for industrial monitoring

Abstract: The Intel mote is a new sensor node platform motivated by several design goals: increased CPU performance, improved radio bandwidth and reliability, and the usage of commercial off-the-shelf components in order to maintain cost-effectiveness. This new platform is built around an integrated wireless microcontroller consisting of an ARM*7 core, a Bluetooth radio, SRAM and FLASH memory, as well as various I/O options. The Intel Mote software architecture is based on an ARM port of TinyOS. Networking and routing layers have been created on top of the TinyOS base to provide Bluetooth-based multi-hop functionality. The network is self-organizing on startup and has mechanisms to repair failed links and circumvent failed nodes. A reliable high bandwidth streaming transport layer has also been created. The Intel Mote was deployed in an equipment monitoring application using industrial vibration sensors. This application was chosen since it benefits from the increased platform capabilities and network bandwidth of the Intel Mote platform. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the observed network operation, packet transfer rates, and power consumption.

Exploring bluetooth based mobile phone interaction with the hermes photo display

Abstract: One of the most promising possibilities for supporting user interaction with public displays is the use of personal mobile phones. Furthermore, by utilising Bluetooth users should have the capability to interact with displays without incurring personal financial connectivity costs. However, despite the relative maturity of Bluetooth as a standard and its widespread adoption in today's mobile phones, little exploration seems to have taken place in this area - despite its apparent significant potential. This paper describe the findings of an exploratory study involving our Hermes Photo Display which has been extended to enable users with a suitable phone to both send and receive pictures over Bluetooth. We present both the technical challenges of working with Bluetooth and, through our user study, we present initial insights into general user acceptability issues and the potential for such a display to facilitate notions of community.

Digital RF processing: toward low-cost reconfigurable radios

Abstract: RF circuits for multi-gigahertz frequencies have recently migrated to state-of-the-art low-cost digital CMOS processes. This article visits fundamental techniques recently developed that migrate RF and analog design complexity to the digital domain for a wireless RF transceiver. All-digital phase locked loop and direct RF sampling techniques allow great flexibility in reconfigurable radio design. Digital signal processing concepts are used to help relieve analog design complexity, allowing one to reduce cost and power consumption in a reconfigurable design environment. Software layers are defined to enable these architectures to develop an efficient software-defined radio. The ideas presented have been used to develop two generations of commercial digital RF processors: a single-chip Bluetooth radio and a single-chip GSM radio.

Security and privacy in ad-hoc and sensor networks : Second European Workshop, ESAS 2005, Visegrad, Hungary, July 13-14, 2005 : revised selected papers

Abstract: Efficient Verifiable Ring Encryption for Ad Hoc Groups.- SKiMPy: A Simple Key Management Protocol for MANETs in Emergency and Rescue Operations.- Remote Software-Based Attestation for Wireless Sensors.- Spontaneous Cooperation in Multi-domain Sensor Networks.- Authenticated Queries in Sensor Networks.- Improving Sensor Network Security with Information Quality.- One-Time Sensors: A Novel Concept to Mitigate Node-Capture Attacks.- Randomized Grid Based Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network.- Influence of Falsified Position Data on Geographic Ad-Hoc Routing.- Provable Security of On-Demand Distance Vector Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks.- Statistical Wormhole Detection in Sensor Networks.- RFID System with Fairness Within the Framework of Security and Privacy.- Scalable and Flexible Privacy Protection Scheme for RFID Systems.- RFID Authentication Protocol with Strong Resistance Against Traceability and Denial of Service Attacks.- Location Privacy in Bluetooth.- An Advanced Method for Joint Scalar Multiplications on Memory Constraint Devices.- Side Channel Attacks on Message Authentication Codes.

Method and apparatus for secure pairing

Abstract: A method and apparatus for securely pairing wireless devices is disclosed. The method comprises sending (304) from a first device (102) secure information, such as a Bluetooth code, a pin or combination thereof, over a wired link (260). Then receiving (306) from a second device (104) a confirmation to the secure information over a wireless link (105). Then, the method comprises, communicating over a link using at least a portion of the secure information to maintain a secure link.

Analysis and design of an interference canceller for collocated radios

Abstract: An active interference cancellation scheme is presented to mitigate interference between Bluetooth and wireless local area network (IEEE 802.11 b) radios operating in close proximity. This method is extensible to other mutually interfering radio devices. A reference signal correlated to the original interferer is used to generate a cancellation signal by means of amplitude and phase alignment, and filtration. The filter employed emulates the coupling channel responsible for interference. An implementation of this procedure in 0.18-/spl mu/m Si-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated-circuit (IC) technology is also presented. The circuits fabricated are tunable and are controlled by a closed-loop adaptive process including an error minimization method. The cancellation system designed achieves 15-30 dB of interference suppression for different cases. A total power of 14 mW is dissipated by the CMOS ICs designed.

The Intel® Mote platform: a Bluetooth-based sensor network for industrial monitoring

Abstract: The Intel Mote is a new sensor node platform motivated by several design goals: increased CPU performance, improved radio bandwidth and reliability, and the usage of commercial off-the-shelf components in order to maintain cost-effectiveness. This new platform is built around an integrated wireless microcontroller consisting of an ARM*7 core, a Bluetooth radio, SRAM and FLASH memory, as well as various I/O options. The Intel Mote software architecture is based on an ARM port of TinyOS. Networking and routing layers have been created on top of the TinyOS base to provide Bluetooth-based multi-hop functionality. The network is self-organizing on startup and has mechanisms to repair failed links and circumvent failed nodes. A reliable high bandwidth streaming transport layer has also been created.The Intel Mote was deployed in an equipment monitoring application using industrial vibration sensors. This application was chosen since it benefits from the increased platform capabilities and network bandwidth of the Intel Mote platform. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the observed network operation, packet transfer rates, and power consumption.

Using visual tags to bypass Bluetooth device discovery

Abstract: One factor that has limited the use of Bluetooth as a networking technology for publicly accessible mobile services is the way in which it handles Device Discovery. Establishing a Bluetooth connection between two devices that have not seen each other before is slow and, from a usability perspective, often awkward. In this paper we present the implementation of an end-to-end Bluetooth-based mobile service framework designed specifically to address this issue. Rather than using the standard Bluetooth Device Discovery model to detect nearby mobile services, our system relies on machine-readable visual tags for out-of-band device and service selection. Our work is motivated by the recent proliferation of cameraphones and PDAs with built-in cameras. We have implemented the described framework completely for Nokia Series 60 cameraphones and demonstrated that our tag-based connection-establishment technique (i) offers order of magnitude time improvements over the standard Bluetooth Device Discovery model; and (ii) is significantly easier to use in a variety of realistic scenarios. Our implementation is available for free download.

Method and apparatus for bonding process in bluetooth device

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a bonding process in a user terminal having a Bluetooth module. The method includes recognizing a barcode of a Bluetooth device to be connected using a camera module, acquiring bonding information of the Bluetooth device from the barcode, performing pairing with the Bluetooth device using the acquired bonding information, and establishing a connection between the user terminal and the Bluetooth device after performing pairing. The bonding information may also be acquired using a secure cable in another embodiment.