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Showing papers on "Bluetooth published in 2007"


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2007
TL;DR: A study of these popular wireless communication standards, evaluating their main features and behaviors in terms of various metrics, including the transmission time, data coding efficiency, complexity, and power consumption would benefit application engineers in selecting an appropriate protocol.
Abstract: Bluetooth (over IEEE 802.15.1), ultra-wideband (UWB, over IEEE 802.15.3), ZigBee (over IEEE 802.15.4), and Wi-Fi (over IEEE 802.11) are four protocol standards for short- range wireless communications with low power consumption. From an application point of view, bluetooth is intended for a cordless mouse, keyboard, and hands-free headset, UWB is oriented to high-bandwidth multimedia links, ZigBee is designed for reliable wirelessly networked monitoring and control networks, while Wi-Fi is directed at computer-to-computer connections as an extension or substitution of cabled networks. In this paper, we provide a study of these popular wireless communication standards, evaluating their main features and behaviors in terms of various metrics, including the transmission time, data coding efficiency, complexity, and power consumption. It is believed that the comparison presented in this paper would benefit application engineers in selecting an appropriate protocol.

1,071 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical model based on empirical data is presented, and it is shown how to use this model for deriving access strategies for the coexistence of Bluetooth and WLAN.
Abstract: Dynamic spectrum access is a promising approach to alleviate the spectrum scarcity that wireless communications face today. In short, it aims at reusing sparsely occupied frequency bands while causing no (or insignificant) interference to the actual licensees. This article focuses on applying this concept in the time domain by exploiting idle periods between bursty transmissions of multi-access communication channels and addresses WLAN as an example of practical importance. A statistical model based on empirical data is presented, and it is shown how to use this model for deriving access strategies. The coexistence of Bluetooth and WLAN is considered as a concrete example

549 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A statistical model based on empirical data is presented, and it is shown how to use this model for deriving access strategies and the coexistence of Bluetooth and WLAN is considered as a concrete example.
Abstract: Dynamic spectrum access is a promising approach to alleviate the spectrum scarcity that wireless communications face today. In short, it aims at reusing sparsely occupied frequency bands while causing no (or insignificant) interference to the actual licensees. This article focuses on applying this concept in the time domain by exploiting idle periods between bursty transmissions of multi-access communication channels and addresses WLAN as an example of practical importance. A statistical model based on empirical data is presented, and it is shown how to use this model for deriving access strategies. The coexistence of Bluetooth and WLAN is considered as a concrete example.

347 citations


Book ChapterDOI
13 May 2007
TL;DR: Two protocols for combining cryptographic authentication techniques with known methods of accelerometer data analysis to the effect of generating authenticated, secret keys are described.
Abstract: Small, mobile devices without user interfaces, such as Bluetooth headsets, often need to communicate securely over wireless networks. Active attacks can only be prevented by authenticating wireless communication, which is problematic when devices do not have any a priori information about each other. We introduce a new method for device-to-device authentication by shaking devices together. This paper describes two protocols for combining cryptographic authentication techniques with known methods of accelerometer data analysis to the effect of generating authenticated, secret keys. The protocols differ in their design, one being more conservative from a security point of view, while the other allows more dynamic interactions. Three experiments are used to optimize and validate our proposed authentication method.

290 citations


MonographDOI
01 Aug 2007
TL;DR: This book presents the key features of wireless networks and discusses various techniques for ensuring secure communication, as well as techniques for dealing with hacking and other forms of attack.
Abstract: The current rate of deployment of wireless networks - whether cellular, LAN, Bluetooth, or sensor - is remarkable. Wireless systems are vulnerable to many kinds of attack, and the security features of fixed-line systems are not always applicable in the wireless arena. With ever-increasing amounts of data being carried on wireless networks, security has become a major concern and an area of great commercial importance. This book presents the key features of wireless networks and discusses various techniques for ensuring secure communication. In particular, techniques for dealing with hacking and other forms of attack will be dealt with, as will cooperation in multi-hop and ad hoc networks. It is suitable for senior undergraduates and graduate students of electrical engineering and computer science. Given the breadth of coverage, it will also appeal to researchers and practitioners in the wireless industry.

227 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results confirm good performance of the two multiband reconfigurable antenna designs investigated, which can cover GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, Bluetooth, and 2.4 GHz wireless LAN.
Abstract: New designs for compact reconfigurable antennas are introduced for mobile communication devices. The uniqueness of the antenna designs are that they allow various groups of their operating frequency bands to be selected electronically. In particular, each group of frequency bands, or mode, can be made to serve several different communication systems simultaneously. These systems may include various combinations of GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, Bluetooth, and wireless local-area network (LAN). Therefore, by electronically selecting different antenna modes, a variety of communication systems can be conveniently served by only one antenna. One advantage is that through the different operational modes, the total antenna volume can be reused, and therefore the overall antenna can be made compact. In these designs, the selection of the different modes is achieved by either i) switching different feeding locations of the antenna (switched feed) or ii) switching or breaking of the antenna's connection to the ground (switched ground). This paper demonstrates these two designs. For the first design of switched feed, it can support GSM, DCS, PCS, and UMTS. In the second design, the antenna makes use of a switched-ground technique, which can cover GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, Bluetooth, and 2.4 GHz wireless LAN. The designs are investigated when ideal switches and also various realistic active switches based on PIN diodes, GaAs field effect transistor, and MEMs configurations. The designs are verified through both numerical simulations and measurement of an experimental prototype. The results confirm good performance of the two multiband reconfigurable antenna designs.

222 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Routing protocols used in wired network cannot be used for mobile ad-hoc networks because of node mobility, so these protocols are divided into two classes: table driven and demand based.
Abstract: Mobile ad hoc networks(MANET) represent complex distributed systems that comprise wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self organize into arbitrary and temporary ad-hoc network topologies, allowing people and devices to seamlessly internet work in areas with no preexisting communication infrastructure e.g., disaster recovery environments. An ad-hoc network is not a new one, having been around in various forms for over 20 years. Traditionally, tactical networks have been the only communication networking application that followed the ad-hoc paradigm. Recently the introduction of new technologies such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and hyperlan are helping enable eventual commercial MANET deployments outside the military domain. These recent revolutions have been generating a renewed and growing interest in the research and development of MANET. To facilitate communication within the network a routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. The goal of the routing protocol is to have an efficient route establishment between a pair of nodes, so that messages can be delivered in a timely manner. Bandwidth and power constraints are the important factors to be considered in current wireless network because multi-hop ad-hoc wireless relies on each node in the network to act as a router and packet forwarder. This dependency places bandwidth, power computation demands on mobile host to be taken into account while choosing the protocol. Routing protocols used in wired network cannot be used for mobile ad-hoc networks because of node mobility. The ad-hoc routing protocols are divided into two classes: table driven and demand based. This paper reviews and discusses routing protocol belonging to each category.

205 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The performance of IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee under the interference of IEEE802.11b wireless local area network (WLAN) and/or Bluetooth is evaluated using an analytic model for the coexistence among ZigBee, WLAN, and Bluetooth.
Abstract: In this paper, the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee under the interference of IEEE 802.11b wireless local area network (WLAN) and/or Bluetooth is evaluated using an analytic model for the coexistence among ZigBee, WLAN, and Bluetooth. The packet error rate (PER) is evaluated, where the PER is obtained from the bit error rate (BER) and the collision time. The BER is obtained from the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Finally, the analytic results are validated by simulations.

183 citations


Patent
23 Nov 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a coexistence mechanism between a Bluetooth system and a WLAN system collocated in the same communications device such as a mobile terminal, which can be used to monitor WLAN and Bluetooth system activity, determine the access priority of both wireless and Bluetooth systems, predict Bluetooth high priority packet transmission patterns, allocate bandwidth to both the Bluetooth and WLAN systems in accordance with the traffic patterns predicted, and switch the antenna and power amplifiers when required.
Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of providing a mechanism for achieving coexistence between a Bluetooth system and WLAN system collocated in the same communications device such as a mobile terminal The coexistence mechanism of the present invention functions to monitor WLAN and Bluetooth system activity, determine the access priority of both WLAN and Bluetooth systems, predict Bluetooth high priority packet transmission patterns, allocate bandwidth to both the Bluetooth and WLAN systems in accordance with the traffic patterns predicted, and switch the antenna and control the Bluetooth and WLAN power amplifiers when required

179 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A wireless smart sensor platform targeted for instrumentation and predictive maintenance systems is presented, which supports hardware interface, payload and communications needs of multiple inertial and position sensors, and actuators, using a RF link for communications, in a point-to-point topology.
Abstract: A wireless smart sensor platform (based on patent pending technologies, Ramamurthy ) targeted for instrumentation and predictive maintenance systems is presented. The generic smart sensor platform with "plug-and-play" capability supports hardware interface, payload and communications needs of multiple inertial and position sensors, and actuators, using a RF link (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or RFID) for communications, in a point-to-point topology. The design also provides means to update operating and monitoring parameters as well as sensor/RF link specific firmware modules "over-the-air." Sample implementations for industrial applications and system performance are discussed

162 citations


Patent
31 May 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a hearing aid device with a Bluetooth transceiver is described, allowing the user to communicate with a linked, Bluetooth enabled mobile radio or telephone, and the system allows the hearing aid user to engage in a two-way conversation through the speaker.
Abstract: Disclosed is a hearing aid device enabled with a Bluetooth transceiver, allowing the user to communicate with linked, Bluetooth enabled mobile radio or telephone. Mobile phone receives a communication, encodes it in accordance with the Bluetooth protocol and links with the transceiver, which is housed with the hearing aid. The system allows the hearing aid user to engage in a two way conversation through the hearing aid speaker.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
18 Jun 2007
TL;DR: This work presents how podcast could be supported by the previously proposed delay-tolerant broadcasting system in order to reduce the expected times between updates and to provide a new ad hoc podcasting mode among mobile nodes.
Abstract: Podcasting has become popular for dissemination of streaming contents over the Internet. It is based on software clients that query servers for updates of subscribed content feeds. Podcasting may be used for any media content, but it is most commonly associated with audio streams. It provides a simple, no-frills broadcasting system for delay tolerant contents. A main limitation with this system is the inflexible separation of downloading to a docked media player and expending of the data when on the move. We herein present how podcast could be supported by our previously proposed delay-tolerant broadcasting system in order to reduce the expected times between updates and to provide a new ad hoc podcasting mode among mobile nodes. Our system substitutes the client-server paradigm inherent in present podcasting by a peer-to-peer paradigm where mobile nodes provide each other with contents. We present the protocol for this, and an evaluation of solicitation and caching strategies that greatly affect the application-level throughput. Our design is aiming at simplicity in order to enable implementation in mobile phones with media players and other devices that communicate over short ranges by means of Bluetooth or wireless LAN.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The WPCOM integrates the multiple AC power sockets and a simple low-power microcontroller into a power outlet to switch the power of the sockets ON/OFF and to measure the power consumption of plugged electric home appliances.
Abstract: In this paper we describe the Wireless Power-Controlled Outlet Module (WPCOM) with a scalable mechanism for home power management which we have developed. The WPCOM integrates the multiple AC power sockets and a simple low-power microcontroller into a power outlet to switch the power of the sockets ON/OFF and to measure the power consumption of plugged electric home appliances. Our WPCOM consists of six scalable modules, that is, the Essential Control Module, the Bluetooth Module, the GSM Module, the Ethernet Module, the SD Card Module and the Power Measuring Module, which together provide an indoor wireless, and an outdoor remote control and monitor of electric home appliances. We have designed a PDA control software and remote control software which support the Graphic User Interface, thus allowing the user to easily monitor the electric home appliances through the PDA and the Internet individually. In addition, we use a Short Message Service to achieve control and monitoring through a GSM cellular mobile phone for remote use anytime and anywhere.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Dec 2007
TL;DR: According to the analysis and experimental results, "RSSI" and "Transmit Power Level" turn out to be poor candidates for localization, while "Link Quality" has its limitations, and "Received Power level" correlates nicely with distance, which makes it the most desirable Bluetooth signal parameter to be used in location systems.
Abstract: We provide an elaborate discussion on Bluetooth signal parameters with respect to localization, whereby we collectively designate all types of Bluetooth specification parameters that are related to signal strength - such as RSSI, Link Quality, Received and Transmit Power Level - as Bluetooth signal, parameters. According to our analysis and experimental results, "RSSI" and "Transmit Power Level" turn out to be poor candidates for localization, while "Link Quality" has its limitations. On the other hand, "Received Power Level" correlates nicely with distance, which makes it the most desirable Bluetooth signal parameter to be used in location systems. We contend that it is vital to choose the appropriate signal parameter in Bluetooth location systems, and we expect our work to provide useful pointers in any future design of such systems. Existing systems can also benefit by adopting the appropriate Bluetooth signal parameter in their systems, and thereby, improve their location accuracy.

Patent
14 May 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the discovery of services between devices is provided prior to establishing a connection between devices, including wireless-enabled devices or devices that are communicatively coupled to wireless access points or other wireless communication devices.
Abstract: Discovery of services between devices is provided prior to establishing a connection between devices, including wireless-enabled devices or devices that are communicatively coupled to wireless access points or other wireless communication devices. Discovering services prior to establishing a connection may facilitate finding a desired service. The services that may be discovered may be, for example, print services, camera services, PDA services or any other suitable services. Services may be discovered using 802.11, Bluetooth, UWB or any other suitable wireless technology. An information element is used to wirelessly convey information related to a service and/or information related to service discovery.

Patent
Arnaud Meylan1, Ming Yan1
16 May 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe techniques to enable efficient operation of co-located WLAN and Bluetooth devices, where a station (e.g., a cellular phone or a laptop computer) determines the activity of a Bluetooth device and ascertains idle periods of the Bluetooth device.
Abstract: Techniques to enable efficient operation of co-located WLAN and Bluetooth devices are described. A station (e.g., a cellular phone or a laptop computer) determines the activity of a Bluetooth device and ascertains idle periods of the Bluetooth device. The station communicates with an access point in a WLAN during the idle periods of the Bluetooth device. The station may operate in a power save mode with the access point, send a poll frame to the access point during an idle period, and retrieve the buffered data from the access point during the idle period. The station may also operate in an unscheduled APSD mode with the access point, send a trigger frame to the access point during an idle period to start a service period, and exchange data with the access point during the service period.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
Jing Zhu1, A. Waltho1, Xue Yang1, Xingang Guo1
24 Sep 2007
TL;DR: The proposed coexistence-aware TXOP adaptation achieves up to 50% improvement of the transmission efficiency in a WiFi/Bluetooth dual-radio device, where the 802.15.2 PTA (packet traffic arbitration) technique is used for coexistence.
Abstract: In this paper, we study the emerging heterogeneous multi-radio network, focusing on interference issues due to simultaneous operation of multiple radios. A comprehensive review is given on the sources of coexistence interference, including transmitter noise, receiver blocking, and inter-modulation. We compare various coexistence techniques, and relevant standardization efforts. Then, we propose a media independent coexistence service (MICE) layer, and suggest that the performance of a multi-radio system can be further improved if necessary support and modification is added to individual wireless technology, e.g. air interface / wireless protocols. Specifically, we show that the proposed coexistence-aware TXOP adaptation achieves up to 50% improvement of the transmission efficiency in a WiFi/Bluetooth dual-radio device, where the 802.15.2 PTA (packet traffic arbitration) technique is used for coexistence.

Journal ArticleDOI
Qian Zhang1, Xianglong Yang1, Yiming Zhou1, Liren Wang1, Xishan Guo1 
TL;DR: This study compared the advantages of ZigBee with other two similar wireless networking protocols, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and proposed a wireless solution for greenhouse monitoring and control system based on ZigBee technology.
Abstract: With the rapid development of wireless technologies, it is possible for Chinese greenhouses to be equipped with wireless sensor networks due to their low-cost, simplicity and mobility. In the current study, we compared the advantages of ZigBee with other two similar wireless networking protocols, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and proposed a wireless solution for greenhouse monitoring and control system based on ZigBee technology. As an explorative application of ZigBee technology in Chinese greenhouse, it may promote Chinese protected agriculture.

Patent
14 May 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the discovery of services between devices is provided prior to establishing a connection between devices, including wireless-enabled devices or devices that are communicatively coupled to wireless access points or other wireless communication devices.
Abstract: Discovery of services between devices is provided prior to establishing a connection between devices, including wireless-enabled devices or devices that are communicatively coupled to wireless access points or other wireless communication devices. Discovering services prior to establishing a connection may facilitate finding a desired service. The services that may be discovered may be, for example, print services, camera services, PDA services or any other suitable services. Services may be discovered using 802.11, Bluetooth, UWB or any other suitable wireless technology. A graphical user interface is provided that enables a user to select a desired service.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
28 May 2007
TL;DR: A technique of associating a mobile device to an interactive surface using a combination of computer vision and Bluetooth technologies and permitting a variety of interactive scenarios which rely on the presentation of graphics co-located with the device.
Abstract: Associating and connecting mobile devices for the wireless transfer of data is often a cumbersome process. We present a technique of associating a mobile device to an interactive surface using a combination of computer vision and Bluetooth technologies. Users establish the connection of a mobile device to the system by simply placing the device on a table surface. When the computer vision process detects a phone-like object on the surface, the system follows a handshaking procedure using Bluetooth and vision techniques to establish that the phone on the surface and the wirelessly connected phone are the same device. The connection is broken simply by removing the device. Furthermore, the vision-based handshaking procedure determines the precise position of the device on the interactive surface, thus permitting a variety of interactive scenarios which rely on the presentation of graphics co-located with the device. As an example, we present a prototype interactive system which allows the exchange of automatically downloaded photos by selecting and dragging photos from one cameraphone device to another.

Patent
Itay Sherman1
02 Apr 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a system approach to achieve coexistence between Bluetooth and WiMAX transceivers collocated in a mobile terminal, which is particularly suited to operation of WiMAX in the 2.3 GHz and 2.5 GHz frequency bands.
Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of Bluetooth and WiMAX coexistence. The invention provides a system approach to achieving coexistence between Bluetooth and WiMAX transceivers collocated in a mobile terminal. The coexistence mechanism of the present invention is particularly suited to operation of WiMAX in the 2.3 GHz and 2.5 GHz frequency bands. In operation, the coexistence mechanism of the present invention utilizes multiple algorithms depending on the capabilities of the Bluetooth peer and the power save support level of the WiMAX base station. In the example embodiment presented herein, the coexistence mechanism is implemented in the MAC layer of the Bluetooth and WiMAX radio modules.

Patent
Louie J. Sanguinetti1
24 Sep 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a wireless communications circuitry that allows the handheld devices to simultaneously receive multiple communications signals in a single communications band, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
Abstract: Handheld electronic devices are provided that contain wireless communications circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry has simultaneous reception functions that allow the handheld devices to simultaneously receive multiple communications signals in a single communications band. The handheld electronic devices may include cellular telephones with music player functionality or other portable devices. The handheld electronic devices may have local wireless communications capabilities for supporting local wireless links such as WiFi and Bluetooth links. Using the simultaneous reception functions of the wireless communications circuitry, users of the handheld electronic devices can simultaneously receive signals such as WiFi and Bluetooth signals.

Patent
Christopher J. Hansen1
12 Oct 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated circuit radio transceiver and associated method comprises a multi-mode device operable to support personal area network (PAN) communications as well as traditional wireless local area network communications.
Abstract: An integrated circuit radio transceiver and associated method comprises a multi-mode device operable to support personal area network communications as well as traditional wireless local area network communications. In one embodiment, IEEE 802.11 protocol IBSS communications are used to transport Bluetooth communication data packets. In another embodiment, a direct link comprising direct packet transfers without beaconing is performed between the multi-mode device and another multi-mode device. Thus, the multi-mode device is operable to establish traditional BSS communications with an Access Point in addition to establishing peer-to-peer communications with another multi-mode device to transport the Bluetooth communications over the 802.11 IBSS communication link or over an IEEE 802.11 direct communication link.

06 Aug 2007
TL;DR: This work results in the first open-source Bluetooth sniffer, showing how the full MAC address of master devices can be obtained, therefore bypassing the access control of this feature.
Abstract: Much of Bluetooth's data remains confidential in practice due to the difficulty of eavesdropping it. We present mechanisms for doing so, therefore eliminating the data confidentiality properties of the protocol. As an additional security measure, devices often operate in "undiscoverable mode" in order to hide their identity and provide access control. We show how the full MAC address of such master devices can be obtained, therefore bypassing the access control of this feature. Our work results in the first open-source Bluetooth sniffer.

Patent
21 Dec 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid device (100) includes both a QoS access point (QAP) and a BLUETOOTH piconet unit (Piconet) interconnected such that the BLUOTOOTH transmissions are scheduled to occur according to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) that was granted by a quality of service (QoS) access point.
Abstract: A hybrid device (100) includes both a IEEE-802.11e type WLAN client station (QAP) (102) and a BLUETOOTH piconet unit (104) interconnected such that the BLUETOOTH transmissions are scheduled to occur according to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) (126) that was granted by a quality of service (QoS) access point (QAP) (116) in a basic service set (BSS) (112). Requests for BLUETOOTH traffic are handled by the associated QSTA (102) which generates an add traffic service (ADDTS) (124) to the QAP.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
Jung, Lee, Chang, Cho, Gerla 
01 Jan 2007

Book
29 Jun 2007
TL;DR: The book provides a complete and detailed description of the recent wireless technologies including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiMAX.
Abstract: The book provides a complete and detailed description of the recent wireless technologies including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiMAX. These technologies are considered to be important topics in the telecommunication industry in the next decade. Some critical subjects are particularly developed such as security, quality of service, roaming and power conservation. The book also includes some chapters on practical aspects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors' adaptive algorithms for dynamically adjusting the Bluetooth parameters based on past perceived activity in the ad-hoc network reduce energy consumption and have up to 8% better performance over a static power-con serving scheme.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce and evaluate novel adaptive schemes for neighbor discovery in Bluetooth-enabled ad-hoc networks. In an ad-hoc peer-to-peer setting, neighbor search is a continuous, hence battery draining process. In order to save energy when the device is unlikely to encounter a neighbor, we adaptively choose parameter settings depending on a mobility context to decrease the expected power consumption of Bluetooth-enabled devices. For this purpose, we first determine the mean discovery time and power consumption values for In different Bluetooth parameter settings through a comprehensive exploration of the parameter space by means of simulation validated by experiments on real devices. The fastest average discovery time obtained is 0.2 s, while at an average discovery time of I s the power consumption is just 1.5 times that of the idle mode on our devices. We then introduce two adaptive algorithms for dynamically adjusting the Bluetooth parameters based on past perceived activity in the ad-hoc network. Both adaptive schemes for selecting the discovery mode are based only on locally-available information. We evaluate these algorithms in a node mobility simulation. Our adaptive algorithms reduce energy consumption by 50% and have up to 8% better performance over a static power-con serving scheme

Patent
06 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of apparatuses, systems, methods, and computer readable media that can facilitate the transfer of power between at least two electrical devices.
Abstract: The present invention is directed to apparatuses, systems, methods, and computer readable media that can facilitate the transfer of power between at least two electrical devices. At least one of the electrical devices is preferably a battery operated device. The present invention may also be used to facilitate the transfer of information among electrical devices. For example, the present invention may be used to automatically pair two Bluetooth devices together.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new model for epidemic spreading of computer worms and their spreading in wireless ad hoc networks via extensive Monte Carlo simulations are developed, showing that the threshold behaviour and dynamics of worm epidemics in these networks are greatly affected by a combination of spatial and temporal correlations which characterize these networks.
Abstract: A dramatic increase in the number of computing devices with wireless communication capability has resulted in the emergence of a new class of computer worms which specifically target such devices. The most striking feature of these worms is that they do not require Internet connectivity for their propagation but can spread directly from device to device using a short-range radio communication technology, such as WiFi or Bluetooth. In this paper, we develop a new model for epidemic spreading of these worms and investigate their spreading in wireless ad hoc networks via extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Our studies show that the threshold behaviour and dynamics of worm epidemics in these networks are greatly affected by a combination of spatial and temporal correlations which characterize these networks, and are significantly different from the previously studied epidemics in the Internet.