Boleophthalmus

Abstract: The three mudskippers—Periophthalmus chrysospilos, Boleophthalmus boddaerti, and Periophthalmodon schlosseri—occupy the same macrohabitat in Singapore but have different behaviors. Correlations were made between differences in behavior and morphological adaptations of their gills to tolerate terrestrial exposure.P. schlosseri has branched gill filaments, thick gill rods, and fused secondary lamellae which enable them to better adapt to a terrestrial than an aquatic environment. Of the three mudskippers, P. chrysospilos gills are the shortest. They are also bent and poorly developed for aquatic respiration. B. boddaerti gills consist of numerous long filaments and have the largest gill area of the three mudskippers. These features suggest that B. boddaerti gills function more efficiently as a respiratory organ in water than in air.Gill surfaces of all three mudskippers are highly convoluted to increase surface area.

Abstract: Boleophthalmus is a genus that consists of six valid species and possesses a number of specializations in terms of amphibious life. The complete mtDNA sequence of Boleophthalmus sp. nov. (17,113 bp in length) has 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes (12S and 16 S rRNA), and one control region. By comparing the COI sequences, Boleophthalmus sp. nov. is closely related of B. pectinirostris but exhibits 8.93% genetic distance with B. pectinirostris and 13.26% with B. boddarti. This finding may fill some gaps remaining on the taxonomy and biodiversity of this taxon and contribute to the understanding of the phylogeographic relationships between the continental coast and Southeast Asia.

Abstract: Oxudercine gobies show not only a full spectrum of habitat transition from water to land, but also varying feeding habits from herbivory to carnivory. In this study, we compared the anatomy of the feeding apparatus of five oxudercine gobies, Boleophthalmus boddarti (moderately terrestrial, herbivorous), Oxuderces nexipinnis (nearly aquatic, herbivorous), Scartelaos histophorus (moderately terrestrial, omnivorous), Periophthalmus chrysospilos (highly terrestrial, carnivorous), and Periophthalmodon schlosseri (highly terrestrial, carnivorous), collected from a mudflat in Vietnam. B. boddarti and O. nexipinnis are characterized by a horizontal disposition of the dentary teeth, more densely spaced gill rakers on the posterior row of the third arch and both rows of the fourth arch, and large, ventrally curved pharyngeal plates bearing numerous fine teeth. Ps. chrysospilos and Pn. schlosseri have oral jaw bones with jaw-levers producing a greater biting force, rudimentary gill rakers, and pharyngeal plates studded with robust canine teeth. On the underside of the ventral plates, prominent ridges occur, onto which strong muscles attach. The jaw adductors are larger in these carnivorous mudskippers. S. histophorus shows an anatomical architecture which may be considered intermediate between these herbivorous and carnivorous species. On the basis of currently accepted relationships of oxudercine genera, their feeding habits, and the morphology of the feeding apparatus, we hypothesize that the oxudercine gobies had been adapted to feeding microalgae in shallow water before expanding their niche onto land, and subsequently diverged to more specialized herbivorous (Boleophthalmus) and carnivorous groups (Periophthalmus and Periophthalmodon) feeding in higher intertidal habitats.

Abstract: Measurements of gill parameters were carried out on four mudskippers,Boleophthalmus boddarti, Scartelaos histophorus,Periophthalmus spilotus and Periophthalmus novaeguineaensis. The gill parameters ( Y) were analysed in relation to body weight (W) using logarithmic transformations (logY = log a + b logW) in each species. The results showed that the gill parameters ( Y) were significantly correlated with the body weights (W) in the four species (R2 = 0. 50-0. 98,P 0. 05). Meanwhile,marked differences were found among genera when comparing the individuals of the same weight,the values of total number of filaments,total filament length (mm),average number of secondary lamellae /mm ( on one side of filaments),total gill area (mm2) and relative gill area ( mm2 /g) for S. histophorus were the largest,those for B. boddarti were at a medium level and those for P. novaeguineaensis and P. spilotus were the smallest. The comparative result of the present study showed significant gradient change on gill parameters of mudskippers with their lifestyles, indicating that the Scartelaos and Boleophthalmus species have more affinity to aquatic environment,while the Periophthalmus species are better adapted for terrestrial environment. The values of total filament length and total gill area of the four mudskippers were obviously reduced comparing with other aquatic fishes with similar weight,which were corresponded to the amphibious life models of mudskippers.

Abstract: The invention discloses a processing method of instant boleophthalmus boddaerti, relating to the technical field of aquatic product processing. The processing method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) performing silt removal preprocessing; (2) removing the smell; (3) flavoring; (4) performing microwave baking sterilization or frying; (5) performing vacuum flexible packaging. According to the processing method, the boleophthalmus boddaerti is scientifically put into salt water for temporary rearing according to biological characteristics of the boleophthalmus boddaerti, so that soil and dirt in a boleophthalmus boddaerti body can be discharged and the internal organs of the boleophthalmus boddaerti body can be purified; the smell and viscous substances on the surface of the boleophthalmus boddaerti can be removed under the effect of garlic by virtue of alkalinity of alkaloid in plant ash; the boleophthalmus boddaerti can slowly die by using warm water, so that original nutritional ingredients of the boleophthalmus boddaerti can be kept and the boleophthalmus boddaerti cannot be skinned and can kept complete; due to flavoring of condiments, the smell of the boleophthalmus boddaerti body can be further removed and the mouth feel of the instant boleophthalmus boddaerti also can be improved. Therefore, the processing method has huge economic values and remarkable social benefits.