Topic
Bone Injury
About: Bone Injury is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 415 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7843 citations.
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TL;DR: The basic biology of fracture healing is summarized, which includes an acute inflammatory response including the production and release of several important molecules, and the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells in order to generate a primary cartilaginous callus.
Abstract: The biology of fracture healing is a complex biological process that follows specific regenerative patterns and involves changes in the expression of several thousand genes. Although there is still much to be learned to fully comprehend the pathways of bone regeneration, the over-all pathways of both the anatomical and biochemical events have been thoroughly investigated. These efforts have provided a general understanding of how fracture healing occurs. Following the initial trauma, bone heals by either direct intramembranous or indirect fracture healing, which consists of both intramembranous and endochondral bone formation. The most common pathway is indirect healing, since direct bone healing requires an anatomical reduction and rigidly stable conditions, commonly only obtained by open reduction and internal fixation. However, when such conditions are achieved, the direct healing cascade allows the bone structure to immediately regenerate anatomical lamellar bone and the Haversian systems without any remodelling steps necessary. In all other non-stable conditions, bone healing follows a specific biological pathway. It involves an acute inflammatory response including the production and release of several important molecules, and the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells in order to generate a primary cartilaginous callus. This primary callus later undergoes revascularisation and calcification, and is finally remodelled to fully restore a normal bone structure. In this article we summarise the basic biology of fracture healing.
1,379 citations
TL;DR: A titanium implant, the thermal chamber, allowing vital microscopic observations of bone tissue during heating and bone temperature measurements to be made simultaneously is described, which caused an irreversible bone injury and healing occurred from the surrounding tissues.
322 citations
TL;DR: The effect of a given mediator is dependent upon the temporal context in which it is expressed, and better understanding of this temporal sequence may be used to optimize regenerative outcomes.
Abstract: Various strategies have been developed to promote bone regeneration in the craniofacial region. Most of these interventions utilize implantable materials or devices. Infections resulting from colonization of these implants may result in local tissue destruction in a manner analogous to periodontitis. This destruction is mediated via the expression of various inflammatory mediators and tissue-destructive enzymes. Given the well-documented association among microbial biofilms, inflammatory mediators, and tissue destruction, it seems reasonable to assume that inflammation may interfere with bone healing and regeneration. Paradoxically, recent evidence also suggests that the presence of certain pro-inflammatory mediators is actually required for bone healing. Bone injury (e.g., subsequent to a fracture or surgical intervention) is followed by a choreographed cascade of events, some of which are dependent upon the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators. If inflammation resolves promptly, then proper bone healing may occur. However, if inflammation persists (which might occur in the presence of an infected implant or graft material), then the continued inflammatory response may result in suboptimal bone formation. Thus, the effect of a given mediator is dependent upon the temporal context in which it is expressed. Better understanding of this temporal sequence may be used to optimize regenerative outcomes.
267 citations
TL;DR: An understanding of the biological and biomechanical mechanisms of the human body is seminal to the authors' ability to practice their profession and allows us to recognize developmental, traumatic, disease, and degenerative problems.
Abstract: Magnetic imaging of the musculoskeletal system Neoplasia Bone densitometry Form and function of articular cartilage Tendon Ligament Meniscus Skeletal muscle Growth plate and bone development Molecular biology of bone injury and repair Nerve Biomechanics Biomaterials Kinesiology Experimental Design and statistcs
254 citations
TL;DR: Based on experience, the authors believe that MR imaging is a useful tool in the assessment and management of stress fractures and stress phenomenum of bone and has predictive value in estimating the duration of disability.
252 citations