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Showing papers on "Breakwater published in 2000"


MonographDOI
01 Aug 2000
TL;DR: Water Waves: Wave Theories and Measurement Short-Term Wave Analysis Long Term Wave Analysis Wave Generation Predictable Water Level: Tides Seasonal Fluctuations Long-Term Water Level Changes Including Global Climate Change Unpredictable Water Levels: Storm Surge Impulse Waves (Land Slide Generated Waves, Tsunamis) Wave Transformation and Breaking Design of Structures Breakwaters Coastal Management Coastal Sediment Transport Basic Shore Processes Coastal Design and Decision-making Coastal Modeling One-dimensional Modeling of Coastal Morphology Failure and Resilience Shore Protection Problems.
Abstract: Water Waves: Wave Theories and Measurement Short-Term Wave Analysis Long-Term Wave Analysis Wave Generation Predictable Water Level: Tides Seasonal Fluctuations Long-Term Water Level Changes Including Global Climate Change Unpredictable Water Levels: Storm Surge Impulse Waves (Land Slide Generated Waves, Tsunamis) Wave Transformation and Breaking Design of Structures Breakwaters Coastal Management Coastal Sediment Transport Basic Shore Processes Coastal Design and Decision Making Coastal Modeling One-Dimensional Modeling of Coastal Morphology Failure and Resilience Shore Protection Problems.

345 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the hydrodynamic properties of a pair of long floating pontoon breakwaters of rectangular section are investigated theoretically, where the structures are partially restrained by linear symmetric moorings fore and aft.

117 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the 2D scour at the trunk section of a rubble-mound breakwater was investigated with both regular and irregular waves, and the maximum scour depth was found to be smaller in the present case than that of the vertical-wall breakwater case.

94 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An improved version of the deformation-based reliability design method by means of expected sliding distance proposed by Shimosako and Takahashi (1998 and 1999) is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The paper presents an improved version of the deformation-based reliability design method by means of expected sliding distance proposed by Shimosako and Takahashi (1998 and 1999). The process of e...

81 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a theoretical analysis and an associated numerical model used to assess the performance of a breakwater consisting of a perforated front wall, an impermeable back wall, and a rock-filled core.
Abstract: The present paper describes a theoretical analysis and an associated numerical model used to assess the performance of a breakwater consisting of a perforated front wall, an impermeable back wall, and a rock-filled core. The numerical method is based on an eigenfunction expansion and utilizes a boundary condition at the perforated wall that accounts for energy dissipation. The numerical model is validated by comparison with previous numerical studies of the limiting cases of a permeable seawall and a perforated breakwater with an impermeable back wall. Relevant numerical results that are presented relate to the reflection coefficient, the wave runup, and the wave force. The effects of porosity, breakwater geometry, and relative wavelength are discussed; the choice of suitable parameters needed to model the permeability of the breakwater is described; and an example application to a practical design situation is given.

77 citations


Book
16 Mar 2000
TL;DR: This book presents a numerical solution of Coastal Water Wave Equations, a methodology for Delineation of Coastal Hazard Zones and Development Setback for Open Duned Coasts, and a model for removing Contaminated Sediment by Dredging.
Abstract: Chapter 1: Numerical Solution of Coastal Water Wave Equations. Chapter 2: Revetment Protection for Coastal and Shoreline Structures Exposed to Wave Attack. Chapter 3: Design of Dikes and Revetments - Dutch Practice. Chapter 4: Wave Forces on Vertical and Composite Walls. Chapter 5: Offshore (Detached) Breakwaters. Chapter 6: Wave Overtopping of Coastal and Shoreline Structures. Chapter 7: Sediment Transport and Beach Profile Change Due to Random Wave. Chapter 8: Coastal Protection Methods. Chapter 9: Shoreline Protection Methods - Japanese Experience. Chapter 10: Beach Nourishment Design. Chapter 11: Navigation channels. Chapter 12: Maintenance Dredging in Channels and Harbors. Chapter 13: Subaqueous Capping of Contaminant Sediment. Chapter 14: Modeling the Physical and Chemical Stability of Underwater Caps in Rivers and Harbors. Chapter 15: The USACE Dredging Operations and Environmental Research (DOER) Program. Chapter 16: Numerical Models for Predicting the Fate of Dredged Material Placed in Open Water. Chapter 17: Removal of Contaminated Sediment by Dredging. Chapter 18: Marine Aggregate Dredging. Chapter 19: Methodology for Delineation of Coastal Hazard Zones and Development Setback for Open Duned Coasts. Appendices. Index.

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the damping coefficients for a single and double chamber absorbing-type caisson breakwaters are derived based on a single perforated-wall breakwater and a methodology is proposed to enable the estimation of damping coefficient for a breakwater with two chambers.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a complex eigen function method is used in the theoretical analysis of an offshore breakwater for which coefficients of both the wave reflection and transmission have low values, and the porosity of materials is varied in computations; and results are compared among structures composing of different layers of porous materials.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear solution for the interaction of tsunamis with coastal defence structures is presented, where the solitary wave is considered a valid representation of the tsunami; using the Fourier analysis, the harmonic components of the single wave are obtained.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Atilla Bayram1
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a sloping float (or inclined pontoon) breakwater with respect to expected wave climate for protection of small commercial vessels and yatch marinas was evaluated.

25 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: The use of offshore breakwaters in the UK is relatively uncommon with only 6 offshore breakwater schemes constructed to date (early 1998). as discussed by the authors examined the use of this technology via a case study of the S-unit Elmer Beach offshorebreakwater scheme which fronts a shingle beach and found that the scheme exhibited rapid changes to planform during the first 6 months, with shingle salients and sand tombolos developing in the lee of the breakwaters.
Abstract: The use of offshore breakwaters in the UK is relatively uncommon with only 6 schemes constructed to date (early 1998). The use of this technology in the UK is examined via a case study of the S-unit Elmer Beach offshorebreakwater scheme which fronts a shingle beach. Profile line surveying and aerial survey data are used to show the development of the planform during the first 38 months and the development is compared to empirical design guidelines. Also an intensive fieldwork program investigated shingle transport inshore of the breakwaters using sediment tracing techniques. The results show that the scheme exhibited rapid changes to planform during the first 6 months, with shingle salients and sand tombolos developing in the lee of the breakwaters. Changes to planform after this time were less marked, although areas of continued erosion/accretion were identified. The sediment transport experiments identified sediment pathways and rates of transport in the lee of the breakwaters. It is suggested that the breakwaters have reduced shingle transport by a factor of at least 2 compared to similar open beaches.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, only geotechnical failure modes are considered for vertical wall breakwaters and stochastic models for the uncertain parameters in the limit state functions are formulated to estimate the reliability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element model is developed to analyze the pore pressure around a caisson-type breakwater subjected to dynamic wave loading, where cross-anisotropic soil behavior is considered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The diffraction coefficient in some areas of the geometric shadow behind a detached breakwater or a breakwater gap proves to be markedly greater for random wind-generated waves than for periodic waves as discussed by the authors.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2-D empirical eigenfunction model is applied to forecast beach profile changes at the coastal areas assuming no breakwater installation, and the analysis from field survey data verifies the significant impacts on shoreline changes due to the installation of an extended breakwater.
Abstract: Coastal topographical changes at Hualien Coast, downdrift of Port of Hualien, Taiwan, after the construction of an extended breakwater are closely evaluated based on the results from continuous field survey data, a statistical 2-D empirical eigenfunction model, and a numerical hydrodynamic model for nearshore current fields Firstly, the analysis from field survey data verifies the significant impacts on shoreline changes due to the installation of an extended breakwater The 2-D empirical eigenfunction model is then applied to forecast beach profile changes at the coastal areas assuming no breakwater installation Comparisons with surveyed beach profiles successfully illustrate that the breakwater installation is responsible for giving rise to accreting northern beaches while eroding southern beaches The numerical result further points out that the extended breakwater induces an extra clockwise circulation cell in harbor's lee marine area and it transports sediment towards the harbor in shallower water Altogether, clear identifications on the effects of the breakwater installation suggest that detailed and reliable evaluations on the coastal topographical changes can be achieved through adoption of the present schemes

Patent
10 Oct 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, a film-shaped breakwater for tsunamis is proposed, with one end providing at the buoyant body and the other end fixed on the bottom of the sea.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To block an opening between breakwaters upon arrival of a tsunami without blocking the route of ships SOLUTION: This breakwater 1 for tsunamis includes a buoyant body 2 provided in an opening P1 between breakwaters P, P through which ships pass and floated on the surface of the sea upon arrival of a tsunami in order to prevent the tsunami from entering a bay, a film-shaped member 4 having one end provided at the buoyant body 2 and the other end fixed on the bottom of the sea, and an up-and-down floating mechanism 3 for normally keeping the buoyant body 2 sunk at the bottom of the sea and for floating it upon arrival of a tsunami



01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, two models were built: the first one was designed to sit on a rigid bed, and the second on a yielding base of loose sand, and measurements of hydrodynamic pressures and accelerations were taken.
Abstract: Rubble-mound breakwaters are subject not only to wave action but, also, to other types of environmental loading, such as earthquakes. High seismic activity combined with soft foundation soil can lead to large settlements and even to failures of these structures. This paper reports on the experimental investigation undertaken to study the behaviour of rubble-mound breakwaters under seismic loading. Two models were built: the first one was designed to sit on a rigid bed, and the second on a yielding base of loose sand. Input earthquakes were of horizontal acceleration with increasing magnitude at consecutive tests. Measurements of hydrodynamic pressures and accelerations were taken. It was found that in general rubble-mound breakwaters resting on rigid bed are quite seismic resistant structures. Careful placement of the armour units provides extra strength to the armour layer as well as to the whole mound. The hydrodynamic forces on the faces of the break water, although small compared to the inertia effect on the structure, should be taken into account since they tend to modify the fundamental period of oscillation of the rubble-mound. Extra care should be taken during the design phase whenever rubble-mound breakwaters are to be placed on soft soil in areas of high seismicity.




Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic study of waves, nearshore currents and sediment transport related to the coastal evolution of sand beach under the action of wave, has been carried out, and a numerical model of sand beaches evolution around coastal structures has been established.
Abstract: A systematic study of waves, nearshore currents and sediment transport related to the coastal evolution of sand beach under the action of wave, has been carried out. On the basis of the results, a numerical model of sand beach evolution around coastal structures has been established. To predict the bed topography, the sediment transport rates of bedload and suspended load under the action of wave and nearshore current as well as the effects of wave on the sediment are considered. The sand beach evolutions caused by a breakwater and a settled ship near the shore are simulated.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a new type of breakwater consisting of wave absorbing caisson and sloping top caisson, which proved the stability and defined the hydraulic characteristics of this breakwater through the sliding experiment of this new type breakwater using a 1/60 model.
Abstract: In open sea region with severe wave attacks, a breakwater covered with wave-dissipating blocks have been widely used. However, the application of this breakwater at greater depths implies the increase of construction costs because it requires a large quantity of wave-dissipating concrete blocks. Therefore, the authors developed a new type of breakwater. This breakwaterconsists of wave absorbing caisson and sloping top caisson. In this paper, through the sliding experiment of this new type breakwater using a 1/60 model, we prove the stability and define the hydraulic characteristics of this breakwater.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The sloping slit caisson as discussed by the authors is a breakwater that acts to dissipate wave energy by a front perforated wall and a wave chamber, and the downward force acting on the slope increases the caisson's stability.
Abstract: Many types of breakwater have been developed to withstand the emormous wave force of a deepsea area.However, most have not proven viable in terms of constructability, economy and so on.The sloping slit caisson is expected to overcome these problems. It acts to dissipate wave energyby a front perforated wall and a wave chamber.The downward force acting on the slope increasesthe caisson's stability.This study describes the efficiency, design and construction method, and then explains the resultsof actual construction.

Patent
15 Jan 2000

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new three-dimensional potential flow numerical method has been developed to study wave diffraction around compound coastal structures based on a multi-block finite-analytic scheme.
Abstract: A new three-dimensional potential flow numerical method has been developed to study wave diffraction around compound coastal structures. This new method is based on a multi-block finite-analytic scheme. A chimera domain decomposition technique is used to model complex geometry and to connect overlapped grids by interpolating information across block boundaries. Calculations were performed for three examples, including a harbor entrance, a single breakwater, and a combined breakwater and large floating platform, to illustrate the flexibility and effectiveness of the present method.

01 Jun 2000
TL;DR: The Ennore coal port in India is subject to storms and cyclones during the monsoon, and the littoral drift creates a sand transport along the coast as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The eastern coast of India is subject to storms and cyclones during the monsoon, and the littoral drift creates a sand transport along the coast. Construction of a new harbour on this coast, known as the Ennore Coal Port, required the construction of two new breakwaters to protect the future coal harbour and incoming ships from waves and sedimentation problems. Because the soil there was determined to be insufficient to support such breakwaters, additional dredging and backfilling were needed and a new method of compaction was developed.