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Showing papers on "Brilliant green published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of experimental factors such as pH (2-10), particle size (58-150μm), adsorbent dose (0.3-1.5), contact time (5-1500min), initial dye concentration (20-100mg/L), and temperature (25-65°C) on the adsorption of Brilliant Green (BG) dye was investigated.

178 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous in nature and the PAA-K hydrogel prepared by ultrasound process is a promising adsorbent compared to conventional process.

139 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was established that the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the activation parameters were determined, namely the activation energy, the change of entropy, and Gibbs free energy for the formation of activated complex from the reagents.

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the pH at which the biosorption capacity of biomass is maximum was found to be 6 which is close to the pH of natural aqueous solutions, which is a big advantage of S. cerevisiae.

92 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a batch of brilliant green (BG) adsorption was performed as a function of contact time, initial solution pH, initial BG concentration and temperature, and the results showed that the maximum monolayer capacity was 166.66% at 20°C.

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The stability against high temperature and extreme pH supported that the Hevea brasiliensis cell suspension could be a potential peroxidase source for special industrial applications.
Abstract: Peroxidases are oxidoreductase enzymes produced by most organisms. In this study, a peroxidase was purified from Hevea brasiliensis cell suspension by using anion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose), affinity chromatography (Con A-agarose) and preparative SDS-PAGE. The obtained enzyme appeared as a single band on SDS-PAGE with molecular mass of 70 kDa. Surprisingly, this purified peroxidase also had polyphenol oxidase activity. However, the biochemical characteristics were only studied in term of peroxidase because similar experiments in term of polyphenol oxidase have been reported in our pervious publication. The optimal pH of the purified peroxidase was 5.0 and its activity was retained at pH values between 5.0–10.0. The enzyme was heat stable over a wide range of temperatures (0–60°C), and less than 50% of its activity was lost at 70°C after incubation for 30 min. The enzyme was completely inhibited by β-mercaptoethanol and strongly inhibited by NaN3; in addition, its properties indicated that it was a heme containing glycoprotein. This peroxidase could decolorize many dyes; aniline blue, bromocresol purple, brilliant green, crystal violet, fuchsin, malachite green, methyl green, methyl violet and water blue. The stability against high temperature and extreme pH supported that the enzyme could be a potential peroxidase source for special industrial applications.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure and subsequent determination by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green (LMG), crystal violet (CV), and brilliant green (BG) in seafood, obtaining recoveries in the range of 48-112% with repeatability and interday precision values (expressed as relative standard deviation) ≤17 and ≤24% respectively.
Abstract: A new procedure has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of malachite green (MG), leucomalachite green (LMG), crystal violet (CV), and brilliant green (BG) in seafood using a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure and subsequent determination by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in <5.5 min. The developed method was validated at 2, 10, 25, and 100 μg kg−1, obtaining recoveries in the range of 48–112 %, with repeatability and interday precision values (expressed as relative standard deviation) ≤17 and ≤24 %, respectively. Matrix effect was evaluated for different types of seafood (shrimp, salmon, and trout), indicating that shrimp can be chosen as representative matrix for the determination of the selected dyes, except for LMG. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were <0.5 μg kg−1, which were always below the minimum required performance limits established by the European Union. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) values were also estimated in the three matrices evaluated, and CCβ ranged from 0.46 to 1.22 μg kg−1. Finally, several types of seafood were analyzed, and some dye residues (MG, CV and BG) were detected in a salmon sample.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
22 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the photocatalytic effect of TiO2 on degradation of Brilliant Green (BG) was studied and the effect of dopants such as Zn and Cu on photocatalysis was also studied.
Abstract: Photocatalysis speeds up the photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst. TiO2 has low toxicity, less resistance and less corrosion and has semiconductor properties. Its strong oxidative potential of the positive holes oxidizes water to create hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, TiO2 has been proven to be a tremendous photocatalyst compound by which many organic substrates have been shown to be oxidatively degraded under UV irradiation. In this research the photocatalytic effect of TiO2 on degradation of Brilliant Green (BG) was studied. In conjunction the effect of dopants such as Zn and Cu on photocatalysis of TiO2 were also studied. Structural and morphological properties of TiO2 were characterized by SEM and XRD. From this research the initial concentration of sample, pH of samples, chemical structure of dyes and catalyst loading were most valuable parameters for dye degradation. TiO2 showed excellent result on degradation of BG compared with doped TiO2. 99% degradation was obtained in presence of TiO2, followed by TiO2/Zn for 87% and TiO2/Cu for 46%. TiO2 doped with transition metals can increase or decrease photocatalytic degradation of dyes.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the most relevant extraction methods as well as the main separation and detection techniques used for the determination of triphenylmethane dyes in seafood are discussed.
Abstract: Triphenylmethane dyes, such as malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV) and brilliant green (BG), have been widely used to prevent and treat infections in aquaculture products due to high efficacy, availability and low price. These compounds undergo metabolism towards reduced leucoforms, such as leucomalachite green (LMG), which can also be found in fish. The present review discusses the most relevant extraction methods as well as the main separation and detection techniques used for the determination of triphenylmethane dyes in seafood. Specifically, it is mainly focused on the application of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), including low and high resolution analysers, which are currently applied to identify and quantify dyes in seafood.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance characteristics of photogalvanic cells containing mixed dye (brilliant green and celestine blue) with reducing agent EDTA have been experimentally examined.

25 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the laser induced third-order nonlinear optical responses of Brilliant Green solution was investigated by utilizing single beam Z-scan technique with a continuous-wave He-Ne laser radiation at 632.8 nm.
Abstract: Laser induced third-order nonlinear optical responses of Brilliant Green solution has been investigated by utilizing single beam Z-scan technique with a continuous-wave He–Ne laser radiation at 632.8 nm. It was observed that the material exhibits self-defocusing type optical nonlinearity. The measurements of nonlinear refraction were carried out at different dye concentrations and found that the increase in solution concentration leads to the linear increase of the nonlinear refractive index. The experimental results confirm great potential of the Brilliant Green for the application in nonlinear optical devices.

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the ability of Rice Husk (RH) on the removal of four types of dyes pollutant from wastewater which were methylene blue, Congo red, brilliant green and crystal violent using different design parameters by adsorption process is focus on.
Abstract: Capability of Rice Husk (RH) on the removal of four types of dyes pollutant from wastewater which were methylene blue, Congo red, brilliant green and crystal violent using different design parameters by adsorption process is focus on. The design parameters studied to adsorb above four dyes using RH as an adsorbent material were initial concentration of dye, absorbance material packing height which was RH, pH of dye solution feed inlet, treatment time, feed flow rate and feed temperature, these parameters were varied from (1-100) mg/l, (10100) cm, (1-8), (1-60) min, (5-100) ml/min and (20–55°C) respectively. Results show that the higher removal efficiency was (95.81, 93.44, 96.62 and 96.35) % for brilliant green, Congo red, crystal violent and methylene blue dyes respectively from aquatic solution and these efficiencies were decreased with increasing of initial concentration and flow rate while the removal efficiencies increased with increasing absorbance material bed height and feeding temperature. The removal efficiency was increased with increasing pH of solution for methylene blue, brilliant green and crystal violent dyes and decreased with increasing pH of solution for Congo red dye. Statistical model is achieved to find an expression combined all operating parameters with the removal efficiency for dyes used in this paper in a general equation. By this way we can possess different benefits which are: remove the toxic dyes contaminated the water, get rid of agricultural waste RH.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, poly(brilliant green) (PBG) films were formed on carbon film electrodes (CFE) by electropolymerisation of brilliant green monomer using potential cycling or at fixed potential from different pH solutions.
Abstract: Poly(brilliant green) (PBG) films were formed on carbon film electrodes (CFE) by electropolymerisation of brilliant green monomer using potential cycling or at fixed potential from different pH solutions The modified electrodes, PBG/CFE, were characterised by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in electrolytes of different pH by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) In order to increase the stability of the polymer film and enhance the response, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were first deposited on CFE and then PBG was formed on top, PBG/CNT/CFE The modified electrodes were applied to the amperometric determination of ascorbic acid (AA) in phosphate buffer pH 70 at 00 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and the results were compared, the presence of CNT leading to a significant increase in sensitivity An interference study was carried out and good separation between AA and dopamine (DA) peaks was achieved that led to the successful determination of DA without interferences Other interferents: aspirin, acetaminophen, salicylic acid and uric acid exhibited no response on the PBG/CNT/CFE Determination of AA in pharmaceutical samples was successfully performed

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This analysis of the biosorbent data confirmed that these biosorption processes are ecofriendly and economical, and this biomass system may be useful for the removal of contaminating cationic dyes.
Abstract: A biosorbent was developed by simple dried Agaricus bisporus (SDAB) and effectively used for the biosorption of cationic dyes, Crystal Violet and Brilliant Green. For the evaluation of the biosorbent system, all the batch equilibrium parameters like pH, biomass dose, contact time, and temperature were optimized to determine the decolorization efficiency of the biosorbent. The maximum yields of dye removal were achieved at pH 4.0 for Crystal Violet (CV) and pH 5.0 for Brilliant Green (BG), which are closer to their natural pH also. Equilibrium was established at 60 and 40 min for CV and BG, respectively. Pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, and intraparticle-diffusion kinetic models were studied at different temperatures. Isotherm models such as Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Radushkevich were also studied. Biosorption processes were successfully described by Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The biosorption capacity of A. bisporus over CV and BG were found as 21.74 and 12.16 mg gm−1. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the CV and BG dye adsorption onto A. bisporus is spontaneous and exothermic in the single and ternary systems. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for the surface morphology, crystalline structure of biosorbent, and dye–biosorbent interaction, respectively. This analysis of the biosorption data confirmed that these biosorption processes are ecofriendly and economical. Thus, this biomass system may be useful for the removal of contaminating cationic dyes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The described method is designed to accurately operate in the analytical range from 0.5 to 2 microg/kg, where the minimum required performance limit for laboratories has been fixed in the European Union at 2.0 microg /kg for these banned substances and their metabolites.
Abstract: During the AOAC Annual Meeting held from September 30 to October 3, 2012 in Las Vegas, NV, the Expert Review Panel (ERP) on Veterinary Drug Residues reviewed data for the method for determination of residues of three triphenylmethane dyes and their metabolites (malachite green, leuco malachite green, crystal violet, leuco crystal violet, and brilliant green) in aquaculture products by LC/MS/MS, previously published in the Journal of Chromatography A 1218, 1632-1645 (2006). The method data were reviewed and compared to the standard method performance requirements (SMPRs) found in SMPR 2009.001, published in AOAC's Official Methods of Analysis, 19th Ed. (2012). The ERP determined that the data were acceptable, and the method was approved AOAC Official First Action. The method uses acetonitrile to isolate the analyte from the matrix. Then determination is conducted by LCIMS/MS with positive electrospray ionization. Accuracy ranged from 100.1 to 109.8% for samples fortified at levels of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 microg/kg. Precision ranged from 2.0 to 10.3% RSD for the intraday samples and 1.9 to 10.6% for the interday samples analyzed over 3 days. The described method is designed to accurately operate in the analytical range from 0.5 to 2 microg/kg, where the minimum required performance limit for laboratories has been fixed in the European Union at 2.0 microg/kg for these banned substances and their metabolites. Upper levels of concentrations (1-100 microg/kg) can be analyzed depending on the different optional calibrations used.

Journal ArticleDOI
Fafu Yang1, Weiwei Liu1, Jianwei Xie1, Xiaoyan Bai1, Hongyu Guo1 
TL;DR: In this article, two deep-cavity calix[4]arenes 3 and 4 with large s-triazine π-conjugate systems were designed and synthesized in high yields by reacting calix with mono phenyl-substituted cyanuric chloride or further substitution with aniline.
Abstract: Two novel deep-cavity calix[4]arenes 3 and 4 with large s-triazine π-conjugate systems were designed and synthesized in high yields by reacting calix[4]arene with mono phenyl-substituted cyanuric chloride or further substitution with aniline. The liquid–liquid extraction experiment showed that they possessed excellent extraction abilities towards one cationic and three anionic dyes (Orange I, methylene blue, neutral red, brilliant green). The highest extraction percentage of compound 4 was 88.8 % for brilliant green. The complexation UV–Vis spectra of compounds 3 and 4 with four dyes indicated the existences of complexation action between hosts and guests with 1:1 ratio of complexation in DMSO solution. The association constants suggested that the larger π-conjugate system of compound 4 possessed the stronger complexation abilities than that of compound 3. The association constant of compound 4 with BG was as high as 8.1 × 106 M−1.

Journal ArticleDOI
T. Pan1, M. Xu, X. Chen, Guoping Sun, Jun Guo 
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for removing four triphenylmethane dyes from wastewater by cloud point extraction with the nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) was developed.
Abstract: A method for removing four triphenylmethane dyes from wastewater by cloud point extraction with the nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) was developed. The triphenylmethane dyes were crystal violet, ethyl violet, malachite green and brilliant green. The cloud point of TX-114 generally increased in the presence of any of the four dyes. In the cloud point system, these dyes were solubilized into a coacervate phase that left a color-free dilute phase. The extraction efficiency of the dyes increased with the temperature, TX-114 concentration, and salt (NaCl and CaCl2) concentration. More than 97% TX-114 in the dilute phase was recovered by adjusting the volume ratio of dichloromethane to the dilute phase. The Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm was used to describe the dye solubilization. The Langmuir constants m and n were calculated as functions of temperature. The results showed that the solubilization of the triphenylmethane dyes in the cloud point system was related to the partition coefficient and th...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The detoxification of the dilute phase was achieved, which indicated that the Dilute phase could be discharged without causing dye pollution, in triphenylmethane dye wastewater.
Abstract: The biological treatment of triphenylmethane dyes is an important issue. Most microbes have limited practical application because they cannot completely detoxicate these dyes. In this study, the extractive biodecolorization of triphenylmethane dyes by Aeromonas hydrophila DN322p was carried out by introducing the cloud point system. The cloud point system is composed of a mixture of nonionic surfactants (20 g/L) Brij 30 and Tergitol TMN-3 in equal proportions. After the decolorization of crystal violet, a higher wet cell weight was obtained in the cloud point system than that of the control system. Based on the results of thin-layer chromatography, the residual crystal violet and its decolorized product, leuco crystal violet, preferred to partition into the coacervate phase. Therefore, the detoxification of the dilute phase was achieved, which indicated that the dilute phase could be discharged without causing dye pollution. The extractive biodecolorization of three other triphenylmethane dyes was also examined in this system. The decolorization of malachite green and brilliant green was similar to that of crystal violet. Only ethyl violet achieved a poor decolorization rate because DN322p decolorized it via adsorption but did not convert it into its leuco form. This study provides potential application of biological treatment in triphenylmethane dye wastewater.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A fibrous adsorbent was prepared by grafting Acrylic acid /Acryl amide co-monomers onto poly(ethyleneterephthalate) fibers as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A fibrous adsorbent was prepared by grafting Acrylic acid /Acryl amide co-monomers onto poly(ethyleneterephthalate) fibers. The resulting sorbent has been studied for removal of trace brilliant green from aqueous solution. The optimum pH value for sorption of the brilliant green was 6. The sorption capacity of functionalized fiber is 65.5 mg g−1. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. The equilibrium adsorption data of brilliant green on modified fiber were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich–Peterson models. Based on equilibrium adsorption data, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin constants were determined 0.032 (m3 kg-1), 4.92 (mkg kg-1) (m3 kg-1)1/n and 1.777 (L g-1) at pH 6 and 20 °C, respectively. Based on Redlich–Peterson Isotherm analysis, Langmuir isotherm best-fit the equilibrium data for adsorption of brilliant green.

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, solar energy conversion through photogalvanic effect and its storage by using photoglvanic cell was studied in Brilliant Green - Ascorbic acid - ALES System.
Abstract: Solar energy conversion through Photogalvanic effect and its storage by using photogalvanic cell was studied in Brilliant Green - Ascorbic acid - ALES System. The ascorbic acid as a reductant, Brilliant Green as dy e sensitizer and Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulphate as surfactant in aqueous solution. T he photopotential and photocurrent generated were 611.0 mV and 720.0 µA respectively. The observed power of the cell was 262.40 µW at its power point. The conversion efficiency and fill factor was determined as 2.52% and 0.29 respectively. The cell performance was 180.0 min. in dark. A mechanism for the Photogeneration of electr icity has also been proposed. The effects of different parameters on the electrical o utput of the cell and current-voltage (i- V) characteristics of the cell were studied.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction of brilliant green with herring sperm DNA was investigated by spectrometric methods in �-cyclodextrin systems and the calculated thermodynamic parameters suggested that the binding of the inclusion complex to DNA was driven mainly by entropy.
Abstract: The interaction of brilliant green with herring sperm DNA was investigated in detail by spectrometric methods in �-cyclodextrin systems. On the condition of physiological pH, brilliant green prefers to form the 1:1 inclusion complex with �-cyclodextrin. All the evidences indicated that the binding modes between �-cyclodextrin-brilliant green and DNA were grooving binding and partial non-classical intercalative binding. The binding ratio of the inclusion complex with DNA is 6:1. The calculated thermodynamic parameters suggested that the binding of the inclusion complex to DNA was driven mainly by entropy.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the grafted films of poly(tetra fluoro ethylene-perfluoro vinyl ether) copolymer film with acrylic acid were prepared by?-radiation.
Abstract: The grafted films of poly(tetra fluoro ethylene-perfluoro vinyl ether) copolymer film with acrylic acid ( PFA-g-PAAc) were prepared by ?-radiation. The films were allowed to react with an ionic dye, namely Brilliant Green (BG). The investigations show that these new dosimeter films of PFABG may be useful for high dose gamma radiation applications. The useful absorbed dose range of the dyed film extends up to about 400 kGy. The radiation-induced colour bleaching has been analyzed with visible spectrophotometery, either at the maximum of absorption band at 633 nm. The effects of relative humidity during irradiation, shelf-life and post-irradiation storage in dark and indirect daylight conditions on dosimeters performance are discussed. Key word : Brilliant Green/ Poly(tetra fluoro ethylene-perfluoro vinyl ether) copolymer/ Acrylic Acid/ Radiation Dosimetry