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Brillouin scattering
About: Brillouin scattering is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11426 publications have been published within this topic receiving 178306 citations.
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30 Apr 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of nonlinearity in Optics in active and passive media, as well as nonlinear optical properties in Gases, and the role of coherence in Harmonic Generation.
Abstract: 1. Introduction.- 1.1. The Scope of Optics.- 1.2. Historical Background.- 1.3. Linearity in Optics.- 1.4. Nonlinearity in Other Fields.- 1.5. Nonlinearity in Optics.- 1.6. Scope of this Book.- 2. Background of Nonlinear Optics.- 2.1. Electromagnetic Theory of Light.- 2.2. Electromagnetic Theory of Linear, Isotropic Media.- 2.3. Modes.- 2.4. Geometrical Optics.- 2.5. Quantum Theory of Radiation Process.- 3. Properties of Optical Media.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Dispersion.- 3.3. Rayleigh Scattering.- 3.4. The Debye-Sears Effect.- 3.5. Birefringence.- 3.6. Zeeman and Stark Effects.- 3.7. Electrostriction and Piezoelectricity.- 3.8. Electrically Induced Birefringence.- 3.9. Optical Activity.- 3.10. Magnetooptical Effects.- 3.11. Fluorescence and the Raman Effect.- 3.12. Intensity-Dependent Optical Phenomena.- 4. Nonlinear Phenomena in Passive Media.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Electromagnetic Waves in a Nonlinear Dielectric: Method of Solution.- 4.3. The Role of Coherence in Harmonic Generation.- 4.4. The Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensor.- 4.5. Traveling-Wave Second-Harmonic Generation.- 4.6. Index Matching in Birefringent Materials.- 4.7. Boundary Conditions.- 4.8. A Numerical Example.- 4.9. Index Matching as Momentum Conservation.- 4.10. Harmonics Higher than the Second.- 4.11. Optical Rectification.- 4.12. Optical Mixing and Parametric Amplification.- 4.13. Self-Focusing of Optical Beams.- 5. Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Active Media.- 5.1. Similarities and Contrasts.- 5.2. Raman Processes.- 5.3. Brillouin Scattering.- 5.4. Interactions of Light with Free Electrons.- 5.5. Optical Nonlinearity in Gases.- Appendix. Free and Forced Oscillations in Slightly Nonlinear Systems.
71 citations
TL;DR: A new approach, i.e., a cw dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser pumped by two independent single-frequency Er-doped fiber lasers, for the generation of tunable low-noise rf/microwave optical signals to achieve high frequency stability without using a supercavity.
Abstract: We demonstrate a new approach, i.e., a cw dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser pumped by two independent single-frequency Er-doped fiber lasers, for the generation of tunable low-noise rf/microwave optical signals. Its inherent features of both linewidth narrowing effect in a Brillouin fiber cavity and common mode noise cancellation between two laser modes sharing a common cavity allow us to achieve high frequency stability without using a supercavity. Beat frequency of the dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser can be tuned from tens of megahertz up to 100 GHz by thermally tuning the wavelengths of the two pump lasers with tuning sensitivity of approximately 1.4 GHz/ degrees C. Allan variance measurements show the beat signals have the hertz-level frequency stability.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Brillouin distributed fiber sensor based on optical time-domain analysis is proposed, which achieves resolution of 7 m all over a 47 km single-mode fiber and resolution down to 30 cm in a few kilometer fiber.
Abstract: A novel configuration for a Brillouin distributed fiber sensor based on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis is proposed. This configuration eliminates many intensity noise issues found in previous schemes. Resolution of 7 m all over a 47 km single-mode fiber was achieved and resolution down to 30 cm in a few kilometer fiber. Noise reduction makes possible measurements with a 16 times averaging.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Rayleigh-brillouin scattering in gases of N{sub 2, O {sub 2}, and SF{sub 6} molecules, Kr atoms, and He-Xe and He CO{sub2} mixtures at pressures ranging from 1 to 3 bar and using two different experimental setups.
Abstract: We study Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering in gases of N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, and SF{sub 6} molecules, Kr atoms, and He-Xe and He-CO{sub 2} mixtures at pressures ranging from 1 to 3 bar and using two different experimental setups. In one setup, we measure spectra of light scattered by thermal density fluctuations (spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering); in the second setup density waves are induced in the overlap region of two counterpropagating laser beams (coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering). We compare measured spectra to the Tenti models and to a recent model for mixtures. We find new values of the bulk viscosity, which is a parameter in line-shape models that allows for internal degrees of freedom. Both experiments agree on the value of the bulk viscosity. Our results indicate a need for new line-shape models for mixtures of molecules with internal degrees of freedom.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented details about the fabrication of ultra-high-Q whispering-gallerymode resonators made by CO2-laser lathe machining of fused-quartz rods.
Abstract: Optical whispering-gallery microresonators are useful tools in microphotonics and non-linear optics at very low threshold powers. Here, we present details about the fabrication of ultra-high-Q whispering-gallery-mode resonators made by CO2-laser lathe machining of fused-quartz rods. The resonators can be fabricated in less than 1 min and the obtained optical quality factors exceed Q = 1 × 109. Demonstrated resonator diameters are in the range between 170 μm and 8 mm (free spectral ranges between 390 GHz and 8 GHz). Using these microresonators, a variety of optical nonlinearities are observed, including Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering, and four-wave mixing.
71 citations