Showing papers on "Brine published in 2014"
TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity of dead heavy crude oil/brine IFT to a wide range of properties/conditions and reveal the underlying physicochemical mechanisms involved in enhanced oil recovery and IFT reduction by low salinity water injection into heavy oil reservoir.
212 citations
TL;DR: The H2TiO3 was found capable of efficiently adsorbing lithium ions from the brine containing competitive cations such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in extremely large excess and the results indicate that the selectivity order Li(+) originates from a size effect.
Abstract: The details of the ion exchange properties of layered H2TiO3, derived from the layered Li2TiO3 precursor upon treatment with HCl solution, with lithium ions in the salt lake brine (collected from Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia) are reported. The lithium adsorption rate is slow, requiring 1 d to attain equilibrium at room temperature. The adsorption of lithium ions by H2TiO3 follows the Langmuir model with an adsorptive capacity of 32.6 mg g−1 (4.7 mmol g−1) at pH 6.5 from the brine containing NaHCO3 (NaHCO3 added to control the pH). The total amount of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium adsorbed from the brine was <0.30 mmol g−1. The H2TiO3 was found capable of efficiently adsorbing lithium ions from the brine containing competitive cations such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in extremely large excess. The results indicate that the selectivity order Li+ ≫ Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ originates from a size effect. The H2TiO3 can be regenerated and reused for lithium exchange in the brine with an exchange capacity very similar to the original H2TiO3.
203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrodialyzer which consisted of five pieces of cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) and four pieces of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), was used to treat concentrated brine of RO plant.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a lab-scale electro-electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EEDBM) was installed with an arrangement of bipolar membrane-cation exchange membrane-bipolar membrane exchange membrane in series to investigate the feasibility of a novel method to produce LiOH from lithium contained brine.
Abstract: To investigate the feasibility of a novel method to produce LiOH from lithium contained brine, A lab-scale electro–electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EEDBM) was installed with an arrangement of bipolar membrane–cation exchange membrane–bipolar membrane–cation exchange membrane in series. Conventional electrodialysis (CED) stack configured with repeat-arranged five cation exchange membranes and four anion exchange membranes was installed as a pretreatment process. After preconcentrating and precipitating brine with CED and Na2CO3, a high purity of ca. 98% Li2CO3 powder was obtained. The influence of current density and feed concentration on the production of LiOH was investigated. EEDBM Process cost is estimated to 2.59 $/kg at current density of 30 mA/cm2 and feed concentration of 0.18 M. It can be inferred that lower energy consumption would be obtained at the case of scaling up. Considering the environmental aspects, the corporate process for LiOH production is also mutually beneficial.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrodialysis pilot plant was used to evaluate the efficiency of concentrating a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine under representative full-scale operational conditions covering the temperature range of a semiarid climate.
119 citations
TL;DR: Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the behavior of supercritical CO2 and aqueous fluids on both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic basal surfaces of kaolinite, a common clay mineral, to influence long-term mineralization of injected carbon dioxide.
Abstract: Capture and subsequent geologic storage of CO2 in deep brine reservoirs plays a significant role in plans to reduce atmospheric carbon emission and resulting global climate change. The interaction of CO2 and brine species with mineral surfaces controls the ultimate fate of injected CO2 at the nanoscale via geochemistry, at the pore-scale via capillary trapping, and at the field-scale via relative permeability. We used large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to study the behavior of supercritical CO2 and aqueous fluids on both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic basal surfaces of kaolinite, a common clay mineral. In the presence of a bulk aqueous phase, supercritical CO2 forms a nonwetting droplet above the hydrophilic surface of kaolinite. This CO2 droplet is separated from the mineral surface by distinct layers of water, which prevent the CO2 droplet from interacting directly with the mineral surface. Conversely, both CO2 and H2O molecules interact directly with the hydrophobic surface of kaolinite. In th...
110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the major mechanism involved in the process of IOR and showed that double layer expansion was caused by the highly negative zeta potential as a result of lower salinity and the divalent cation plays a major role in recovering additional oil.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorbent with Fe/Mn ratio of 0.1 obtained from calcination at 450 °C was tested as adsorbents for lithium adsorption from salt lake brine collected from the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia.
Abstract: Iron-doped lithium manganese oxides Li1.33FexMn1.67–xO4 (x = 0.15, 0.30, and 0.40) were prepared by calcination of carbonates of Li, Mn, and nitrate of Fe in air at 350, 400, 450, 550, and 650 °C. The calcined samples, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis, were spinels. The protonated samples after treatment with HCl solution were tested as adsorbents for lithium adsorption from the salt lake brine collected from the Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia. The precursor showed 3.7% Mn extraction upon acid treatment with Fe/Mn ratio of 0.1 obtained from calcination at 450 °C. The amount of Mn extracted in HCl solution decreased with increasing of Fe/Mn ratio, and the amounts of lithium extraction were 90%, 96%, and 91% for Fe/Mn = 0.1, Fe/Mn = 0.2, and Fe/Mn = 0.3, respectively, while the amounts of dissolved iron showed the opposite trend. By studying the lithium adsorption in the raw brine and NaOH-added brine by a batch method, the adsorbent with Fe/Mn ratio of 0.1 obtained from calcination o...
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis with no-Apex (ADSA-NA) method was used to measure the density of CO2, interfacial tension between CO2-rich and aqueous phases and wettability of reservoir rock and caprock in contact with these fluids at reservoir conditions.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the strength of a buoyancy-driven convective current for CO2 and for 20 weight percent NaCl brine for reservoir depths up to 5 km and geothermal gradients of 20, 35, and 50 °C/km.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a salinity gradient power-reverse electrodialysis (SGP-RE) unit was tested for the production of electrical energy by exploiting the chemical potential of real brackish water and exhaust brine from a solar pond.
Abstract: In the present work, a salinity gradient power-reverse electrodialysis (SGP-RE) unit was tested for the production of electrical energy by exploiting the chemical potential of real brackish water and exhaust brine from a solar pond. A cross-flow SGP-RE module (REDstack B.V.), equipped with AEM-80045 and CEM-80050 membranes specifically developed by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V. within the EU-funded project REAPOWER (“Reverse Electrodialysis Alternative Power Production”), was able to generate a maximum power density (expressed in W m−2 membrane pair – MP) of 3.04 W m−2 MP when operated with pure NaCl aqueous solutions (0.1 M in low concentration compartment – LCC, 5 M in high concentration compartment – HCC) at 20 °C and at a recirculation rate of 20 L h−1. However, a drastic reduction to 1.13 W m−2 (−63%) was observed when feeding the SGP-RE unit with artificial multi-ion solutions mimicking real brackish water and exhaust brine. Further experimental activity allowed to identify Mg2+ ion as responsible for the significant increase in stack resistance and consequent depletion in SGP-RE performance. Therefore, specific softening treatments of the real solutions should be considered in order to maintain the process efficiency at practical level.
TL;DR: New vinylbenzene substituted imidazole based zwitterionic polymers with unique characteristics like swelling in water and solubility in concentrated brine solution in which they exhibited a reversible upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and gel-sol transitions are reported herein.
TL;DR: In this article, water desalination was performed by R141b hydrate formation in systems containing refrigerant and a brine aqueous solution to determine of R141 b hydrate growth rate and efficiency of process.
Abstract: In this paper, water desalination was performed by R141b hydrate formation in systems containing refrigerant and a brine aqueous solution to determine of R141b hydrate growth rate and efficiency of process. Kinetic experiments were conducted with initial temperatures of 0, 2, and 4°C with saline concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 6% weight of NaCl and also with the molarity 0.304 mol/L of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 aqueous solutions. The results show that R141b hydrate formation rate depends on the saline concentration, initial temperature, and salt type. Moreover, the results of water desalination based on R141b hydrate formation indicate that the removal efficiency depends on the ionic size and electrical charge. Each dissolved mineral is removed in following order: with 59–70% of efficiency.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on successive secondary treatment methods to improve the salt removal efficiency when the hydrate-based process was applied for water desalination and showed that substantial conversion of water to hydrate was possible as the degree of subcooling became high.
TL;DR: In this article, the root cause of negative influences of Na+ on the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+ is found by means of electrochemical analysis, which can be eliminated by controlling the electrolytic voltage to less than 0.3
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the working mechanisms of utilizing gas-liquid two-phase flow to enhance heat transfer and mitigate scaling formation in Membrane distillation (MD) concentration process, based on the quantification of heat-transfer coefficients and local scaling-resistance associated with bubble size properties.
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of the effects of salinity on the mechanical properties of reservoir rocks in deep saline aquifers is presented, where 19 sandstone specimens saturated in NaCl brines of varying salinity concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30% NaCl by weight) were tested in a uniaxial compression testing machine and the corresponding fracture propagation patterns were recorded using an advanced acoustic emission (AE) system.
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive comparison of the corrosion behavior of heat-treated steels and high-alloy steels was performed in CO 2, in brine and combination of both; pressure was up to 100 bar, temperature up to 60°C.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of CO2-soluble, brine-solubility surfactants to the high pressure CO2 can facilitate the in-situ generation of CO 2-in-brine foams for conformance and/or mobility control.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a kinetic batch and a one-dimensional reactive transport model using PHREEQC 2.15, to predict mineral alteration induced in the cap rock by penetration of brine containing dissolved CO2 from the underlying aquifer over a period of 10,000 years.
TL;DR: Fluorescence spectroscopy of the uranyl ions in the brine layer confirmed that the species exists predominately in the solvated state under experimental conditions of ESEM.
Abstract: Observation of a uranyl-salt brine layer on an ice surface using backscattered electron detection and ice surface morphology using secondary-electron detection under equilibrium conditions was facilitated using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) at temperatures above 250 K and pressures of hundreds of Pa. The micrographs of a brine layer over ice grains prepared by either slow or shock freezing provided a complementary picture of the contaminated ice grain boundaries. Fluorescence spectroscopy of the uranyl ions in the brine layer confirmed that the species exists predominately in the solvated state under experimental conditions of ESEM.
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of producing NaOH from coal seam gas (CSG) brine by membrane electrolysis was evaluated and compared, and it was shown that NaHCO3 is more effective for desalination than NaCl and then Na2CO3 of equivalent concentration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the changes in the chlorine isotope composition (δ37Cl value) during evaporations of solutions containing NaCl, KCl and MgCl2⋅6H2O at 28°±2°C were designed to better understand chlorine isotopic variations during brine evolution.
TL;DR: In this article, a geochemical scaling function was developed based on a detailed reactive transport model of CO2 and brine leakage into an unconfined, oxidizing carbonate aquifer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of a modified design vacuum enhanced-multi effect membrane distillation (V-MEMD) for drinking water production with feed solution containing NaCl and CaSO 4 was studied in terms of flux, scale formation and ease of cleaning.
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamics of argon (Ar), a biogeochemically inert gas, within first year sea ice, using observation data and a one-dimensional halo-thermodynamic sea ice model, including parameterization of gas physics, are modeled following fluid transport equations through sea ice.
01 Apr 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation in saline water (3 wt % sodium chloride) and deionized water in a silica gel fitted vessel were experimentally investigated by using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based pool measurement system.
Abstract: Hydrate-based technology is a promising method for gas separation and seawater desalination. There is little information about the combination of the two applications. The CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation in saline water (3 wt % sodium chloride) and deionized water in a silica gel fitted vessel are experimentally investigated by using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based pool measurement system. Three experimental cases were conducted with different procedures. MRI images and mean intensity (MI) were obtained using a spin echo multislice pulse sequence. From this study, it is found that the hydrate formation in saline solution is rapid compared to that in deionized water. It is caused by the “structure making” of ions. Hydrate is formed more rapidly in the flowing process than in the cooling process due to the additional mechanical effect. The so-called “memory effect” was identified for the hydrate dissociated solution, for which the nondissociated hydrate crystals exist. It shows that the twic...
12 Apr 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a novel method is presented for measuring solubility in supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ), which can be used in conjunction with traditional cloud point measurements to obtain information directly on the soluble portion of a given sample and, ultimately, a much more informative data set.
Abstract: A novel method is presented for measuring solubility in supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ), which can be used in conjunction with traditional cloud point measurements to obtain information directly on the soluble portion of a given sample and, ultimately, a much more informative data set. In this method, surfactant from a known amount of CO 2 solution was transferred into an aqueous solution and the surfactant concentration of the aqueous solution was measured directly by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). In this work, the partitioning of a series of 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) alkoxylate surfactants among an aqueous phase (water or brine) and scCO 2 as a function of electrolyte concentration, temperature, and pressure was also investigated. Surfactant partition coefficient was determined based on the reduction of HPLC measured surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase due to surfactant partitioning into CO 2 . An understanding of surfactant partitioning between brine and scCO 2 is particularly important in the design of CO 2 foam processes, particularly for surfactant stabilized foam in subsurface systems, where it can affect surfactant transport and foam propagation. In general, the solubility in scCO 2 increased with pressure and decreased with temperature. The partitioning of the surfactants between CO 2 and water phases was almost proportional to pressure, and decreased as temperature increased, where the latter held more sensitivity. The partition coefficient was very sensitive to surfactant formula. For the 2-EH-PO5-EO x series, the partition coefficient between scCO 2 and the aqueous phase increased with decreasing EO content.