Topic
Brine
About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory study was conducted of several condenser tube alloys in flowing buffered sodium chloride solution, contaminated periodically with sulfide, and the results showed that alternate treatment with sulfides and air was much more aggressive than air alone or sulfide alone.
Abstract: Increasing sulfide pollution of harbors and river estuaries has markedly increased corrosion of surface condenser alloys using once through cooling water. A laboratory study was conducted of several condenser tube alloys in flowing buffered sodium chloride solution, contaminated periodically with sulfide. The results showed that alternate treatment with sulfide and air was much more aggressive than air alone or sulfide alone. Corrosion performance of the alloys is compared.
41 citations
Patent•
28 Nov 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a brine eductor is installed at the end of a thermally insulated drill casing to pick up a selected flow of brine, which is diluted in an amount sufficient to preclude precipitation and scaling as the mixture flows to the surface.
Abstract: Minerals are recovered from warm geothermal brines by installing a brine eductor device such as a venturi at the end of a thermally insulated drill casing. The geothermal brine is recovered by flowing a warm, low saline carrier solution at high flow rate through the device to pick up a selected flow of brine. On entering the device the geothermal brine is diluted in an amount sufficient to preclude precipitation and scaling as the mixture flows to the surface. The flow velocity is adequate to entrain any non-dissolved solids without settlement. Thermal losses to the surrounding strata are minimized by the thermal insulation surrounding the casing. The mineral values are recovered from the mixture by flashing, evaporation, and filtration. Clarified solution, filter liquor and make-up water as necessary are combined to form the low salinity carrier solution which is heated in heat exchangers before recycling to the eductor device. The heat exchange fluid may be heated by solar concentrators assisted by fossil fuel, geothermal and/or solar buffer stages.
41 citations
Patent•
15 Aug 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, separate deposits of trona or nahcolite ore are solution mined with two solvents, aqueous sodium hydroxide and ahydrous hydrogen chloride.
Abstract: Separate deposits of trona or nahcolite ore are solution mined with two solvents, aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous hydrogen chloride. Aqueous sodium carbonate solution is withdrawn from the region of the NaOH-treated ore deposit, for recovery of soda ash. Aqueous sodium chloride brine is withdrawn from the region of the HCl-treated ore deposit and introduced to an electrodialysis cell to regenerate the two solvents and thereby continue the solution mining cycle.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conventional sulfate-selective Type-2 polystyrene strong base anion resin was studied for arsenic removal from Albuquerque, New Mexico, drinking water, focusing on the regeneration aspects of ion exchange and the potential for reusing the spent brine directly without removing As.
Abstract: A conventional sulfate-selective Type-2 polystyrene strong base anion resin was studied for arsenic (As) removal from Albuquerque, New Mexico, drinking water. Attention was focused on the regeneration aspects of ion exchange and the potential for reusing the spent brine directly without removing As. The major finding was that As-laden spent brine with makeup salt addition to 1 M chloride could be reused up to 20 times with no effect on As leakage and minimal effect on run length. The authors also found that As could be removed from the spent recycle brine using ferric hydroxide coagulation in such a way that the resulting sludge passed the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test as a nonhazardous waste.
40 citations
TL;DR: The toxicity of acetic acid is not due to pH alone, although an increase in the hydrogen ions resulted in a decrease in heat resistance of the bacteria studied as discussed by the authors, but rather due to its acid content.
Abstract: Vinegar has long been added to foods in the home and in the commercial packing plant as a flavoring element; in addition, it has adefinite preservative action against spoilage microorganisms. Any toxic effect of vinegar is undoubtedly due to its acetic acid content. Levine and Fellers (1940) showed that the toxicity of acetic acid is not due to pH alone although an increase in the hydrogen ions resulted in a decrease in heat resistance of the bacteria studied. As vinegar is usually associated with sugar or salt or both in a food, it seemed advisable to study the toxic effect of acetic acid in the presence of these substances.
40 citations