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Brine
About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the vapor pressure at the surface of the water body being considered is estimated as a function of brine concentration, and the data for the Great Salt Lake brine are presented.
Abstract: Introduction. As cited by Priestly [1959], Harbeck [1955], Sutton [1953], Sverdrup [1937], Adams [1934], and many other students of the evaporation processes, one of the important factors in any evaporation equation is the accurate determination of the vapor pressure at the surface of the water body being considered. Estimates of evaporation from saline bodies of water require vapor pressure as a function of brine concentration. Such data for the Great Salt Lake brine are presented in this paper.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ring-tensile strength of fresh water ice was found to be essentially temperature independent from −10° to −30°C, with an average value of 29.6±8.5 kg/cm.
Abstract: To resolve some of the factors causing strength variation in natural sea ice, fresh water and five different NaCl–H2O solutions were frozen in a tank designed to simulate the one-dimensional cooling of natural bodies of water. The resulting ice was structurally similar to lake and sea ice. The salinity of the salt ice varied from 1‰ to 22‰. Tables of brine volumes and densities were computed for these salinities in the temperature range 0° to −35° C. The ring-tensile strength σ of fresh-water ice was found to be essentially temperature independent from −10° to −30°C., with an average value of 29.6±8.5 kg./cm.2 at −10° C. The strength of salt ice at temperatures above the eutectic point (–21.2° C.) significantly decreases with brine volume v;. The σ–axis intercept of this line is comparable to the a values determined for fresh ice indicating that there is little, if any, difference in stress concentration between sea and lake ice as a result of the presence of brine pockets. The strength of ice containing NaCl.2H2O is slightly less than the strength of freshwater ice and is independent of the volume of solid salt and the ice temperature. No evidence was found for the existence of either phase or geometric hysteresis in NaCl ice. The strength of ice at sub-eutectic temperatures, however, is decreased appreciably if the ice has been subjected to temperatures above the eutectic point; this is the result of the redistribution of brine during the warm-temperature period. Short-term cooling produces an appreciable (20 per cent) decrease in strength, in fresh-water and NaCl.2H2O ice. The present results are compared with tests on natural sea ice and it is suggested that the strength of freshwater ice is a limit which is approached but not exceeded by cold sea ice and that the reinforcement of brine pockets by Na2SO4.10H2O is either lacking or much less than previously assumed.
34 citations
Patent•
16 Feb 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a method for conducting a reaction, which is characterised in that carbon dioxide is combined with an alkaline solution based on ammonia, for the formation of ammonium bicarbonates, and ammonium chloride product is processed further in a decomposition to form ammonia and hydro chloric acid.
Abstract: There is disclosed at method for conducting a reaction, which is characterised in that carbon dioxide is combined with an alkaline solution based on ammonia, for the formation of ammonium bicarbonates, said bicarbonates being further reacted with a saline comprising solution, forming products of alkaline metal bicarbonate and ammonium chloride, and said ammonium chloride product is processed further in a decomposition to form ammonia and hydro chloric acid, and said ammonia chloride is returned to the first step forming said alkaline solution with water, while the alkaline metal bicarbonate is optionally further decomposed into carbon dioxide which is returned to the first step of the method. According to another aspect, the invention is used for handling of brine water originating from a desalination plant, for removing carbon dioxide from combustion gas, such as related to power plants or other industrial activities. Preferably the method is used in a combined process for removing carbon dioxide from combustion gas and desalination of water.
34 citations
Patent•
24 Nov 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for treating spent geothermal brine to remove silica is described, which includes introducing brine into the reaction zone of a reactor-clarifier and allowing the brine flow therefrom into the clarification zone of the reactor.
Abstract: A process is provided for treating spent geothermal brine to remove silica. The process includes introducing the brine into the reaction zone of a reactor-clarifier and allowing the brine to flow therefrom into the clarification zone of the reactor-clarifier. In the clarification zone, particles settle from the brine and are urged to the center of the tank beneath the reaction zone, and the settled particles are drawn upwardly into the reaction zone by an impeller. The particles mix with the brine in the reaction zone to form a substantially uniform distribution therein to provide nuclei for silica precipitation from the brine. A stream of sludge is removed from the bottom of the reactor-clarifier and disposed of.
34 citations
TL;DR: The impact of brine salinity and ion composition on oil recovery for carbonate reservoirs has been an area of research in recent years as discussed by the authors, motivated by the additional oil recovery that was recovered by low salinity, ionic modifications in sandstone and chalk reservoirs and to some extent in carbonate reservoir.
Abstract: The impact of brine salinity and ion composition on oil recovery for carbonate reservoirs has been an area of research in recent years. This was motivated by the additional oil recovery that was recovered by low salinity and ionic modifications in sandstone and chalk reservoirs and to some extent in carbonate reservoirs. Wettability alteration to more water-wet conditions has been proposed as the mechanism leading to the additional oil recovery.
34 citations