Topic
Brine
About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a hybrid desalination system that combines reverse electrodialysis (RED) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes, where the RED unit harvests the energy in the form of electricity from the salinity gradient between a highly concentrated solution (e.g., seawater or concentrated brine) and a low salinity solution (i.e., biologically treated secondary effluent or impaired water).
153 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, simultaneous membrane distillation-crystallization (SMDC) hybrid desalination technology for concurrent productions of pure water and salt crystal from the saturated brine solutions has been investigated.
153 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the separation efficiency of a nanofiltration membrane was investigated and the relationship between the rejection rates of magnesium and lithium was established, and the extractions of lithium from salt lake brines were also evaluated.
Abstract: Owing to the high ratio of Mg 2+ to Li + in most of the salt lake brines in China, it is difficult to extract lithium. Therefore, the separation efficiency of a nanofiltration membrane was investigated in this study. Operating conditions such as operating pressure, inflow water temperature, pH, and Mg 2+ /Li + ratio were investigated. Relationship between the rejection rates of magnesium and lithium was established. Moreover, the extractions of lithium from salt lake brines were also evaluated. The results indicate that the separation of magnesium and lithium was highly dependent on the Mg 2+ /Li + ratio, operating pressure, and pH. When the Mg 2+ /Li + ratio was 2+ /Li + ratio. The permeate flux of membrane for the East Taijiner brine was higher than that for the West Taijiner brine.
152 citations
TL;DR: It is clear that Artemia must possess mechanisms that can actively excrete NaCl and take up water in hypertonic media, and it has been demonstrated that Anemia can lower the haemolymph osmotic pressure by excreting NaCl from the hamolymph against the concentration gradient.
Abstract: 1. It has been possible to adapt Artemia to sea-water media varying from 0.26% NaCl to crystallizing brine. In fresh water or distilled water survival is relatively short. 2. The osmotic pressure of the haemolymph is relatively independent of the medium and increases only slightly as the medium is made more concentrated. In the more concentrated media the haemolymph is very markedly hypotonic. In media more dilute than 25% sea water the haemolymph is hypertonic. In distilled water there is a rapid fall of haemolymph concentration. The haemolymph of nauplii from sea water is hypotonic. 3. The sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride concentrations of the haemolymph have been determined. The bulk of the haemolymph osmotic pressure is accounted for by sodium and chloride ions. The ionic ratios of the haemolymph are relatively constant, and very different from those of the medium. 4. The concentrations of ions in the whole animal have been studied. The chloride space is extremely high. Such changes in haemolymph osmotic pressure that do occur as the medium concentration is varied are due more to net movements of NaCl into or out of the body than to water movements. 5. Evidence is collected to show that an appreciable degree of permeability exists. Most of this permeability is localized to the gut epithelium, the external surface being much less permeable. 6. It is clear that Artemia must possess mechanisms that can actively excrete NaCl and take up water in hypertonic media. It has been demonstrated that Anemia can lower the haemolymph osmotic pressure by excreting NaCl from the haemolymph against the concentration gradient.
149 citations
TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper explored a new separation method from an electrochemical perspective using LiFePO 4/FePO4 as electrode materials, and the results showed that the extracted capacity of Mg2+ from a solution containing magnesium is only 5.5% of its inserted capacity.
147 citations