Brine

About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.

Evaporation of liquid droplets from a surface of anodized aluminum

Abstract: The results of study of evaporation of water droplets and NaCl salt solution from a solid substrate made of anodized aluminum are presented in this paper. The experiment provides the parameters describing the droplet profile: contact spot diameter, contact angle, and droplet height. The specific rate of evaporation was calculated from the experimental data. The water droplets or brine droplets with concentration up to 9.1 % demonstrate evaporation with the pinning mode for the contact line. When the salt concentration in the brine is taken up to 16.7 %, the droplet spreading mode was observed. Two stages of droplet evaporation are distinguished as a function of phase transition rate.

Seawater pressure-driven desalinization apparatus with gravity-driven brine return

Abstract: An apparatus and method of removing salt from seawater to produce potable freshwater. In the preferred embodiments, a large metal cylinder, with open top and bottom ends, is anchored to the sea floor offshore. Several pressure hulls are attached to the side of the cylinder. Within each pressure hull there are several reverse osmosis devices (RODs), each containing a membrane that will allow water molecules, but not sodium and chlorine ions, to pass through. Due to the pressure differential, freshwater passes through the membranes by reverse osmosis, and is pumped out of the pressure hulls to a storage facility onshore. After equilibrium is reached, the pumps for the brine can be turned off, as gravity will cause brine to flow down from the pressure hulls through an opening in the bottom of the cylinder.

Removal of low level hardness impurities from brine feed to chlorine cells

Abstract: Brine from a conventional treatment process is pre-filtered prior to the electrolysis of same by a method which includes the steps of: (a) heating the brine, (b) adding sodium carbonate thereto, (c) stirring the solution, (d) allowing the solution to settle, and (e) passing the solution through an absolute membrane filter. The filter "polishes" the brine feed by removing the high hardness ions.

Geochemistry of Salt Water Beneath the Rolling Plains, North‐Central Texasa

Abstract: Sodium-chloride brine underlies the shallow subsurface and discharges at numerous surface locations in the Rolling Plains of north-central Texas. According to the ratios of Na/Cl and Br/Cl, and supported by the contribution of other chemical constituents, two major brine types can be distinguished: (1) brine derived from dissolution of halite by fresh ground water, and (2) brine derived from discharge of deep-basin brine aquifers. All salt-spring brines as well as shallow subsurface brines in the northern and western parts of the Rolling Plains represent halite-dissolution brine, whereas deep-basin brine is represented by samples in the shallow subsurface in the south. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of the halite-dissolution brines indicates a local, meteoric origin for these brines. Shallow subsurface samples from the southeastern Rolling Plains graphically include deep-basin brine values and meteoric-water values as end points, suggesting mixing of deep-basin brine with local meteoric ground water.

Phase Equilibrium and Dissociation Enthalpies for Cyclopentane + Methane Hydrates in NaCl Aqueous Solutions†

Abstract: The phase equilibrium data of cyclopentane (CP) + methane hydrates in brine water with NaCl mass fractions of w = 0.0.035, 0.070, and 0.100 were measured in the temperature range (284.4 in 301.3) K using a visual high-pressure phase equilibrium apparatus. The dissociation enthalpies of CP + methane hydrates in hot brine water were determined via the Clausius-Clapeyron equation based on these phase equilibrium data. The effect of help gas and salinity on the phase equilibrium of CP hydrate and CP + methane hydrates was studied, respectively. Liquid CP forms hydrates with small-molecule help gas at a temperature region much higher than the quadruple point of pure CP hydrate. Methane partially occupied the small cages of structure II hydrate, which accelerates the nucleation and growth of CP + methane hydrates and increases the stability of the hydrates. The phase equilibrium pressure of CP + methane hydrates increases with the increase in temperature, and it increases linearly with the increase in NaCl concentration in solutions. The higher the temperature, the more remarkable effect the temperature and salinity has on the phase equilibrium pressure. The dissociation enthalpy decreases with the increase in temperature and the NaCl concentration.