Brine

About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.

A process and apparatus for brine reformation

Abstract: The present application relates to a reformation process of brine solution formed following loading of the ion-exchange resin used for water softening The cyclic, continuous process for brine reformation comprising the steps: (I) a brine solution containing bivalent cations, in particular calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese ions, is transferred to a Hardness Precipitation System (Station 1) in which, at a suitable pH, same cations are removed as carbonate and/or sulphate salts, in a precipitation form, resulting in a semi-reformed brine solution containing sodium chloride in a typical concentration of 1 % to 2 % by weight; said semi-reformed brine solution is optionally subjected to a pH adjustment step (Station 2); (II) following said optionally pH adjustment the semi-reformed brine solution is transferred to a Reverse Osmosis System (Station 3) in which an increase of NaCl concentration is accomplished, providing a reformed brine solution suitable for regenerating an ion-exchange resin applicable in water softening process; (III) Applying the reformed brine solution in regeneration of an ion-exchange resin

Process and agents for the recovery of magnesium ions from brine

Abstract: This invention concerns an improved process for the recovery of magnesium ions in relatively concentrated form from brines containing the same. It also concerns certain base exchange agents (also known as cation exchange agents) suitable for use in the process. It is well known that the chemical...

Geochemical Impacts of Sequestering Carbon Dioxide in Brine Formations

Abstract: The purpose of this chapter is to lay out potential geochemical impacts of geologic sequestration. Injection of supercritical carbon dioxide into a brine formation shifts rock-dominated reaction systems to fluid-dominated systems controlled by acid-generating reactions and mixed-fluid equilibria. Increased carbonic acid content in the brine reduces the pH of in situ brine by approximately 1.5―4 pH units, depending on brine chemistry, formation lithology, and temperature, to a pH value between 3.5 and 4. Alkalinity is also produced by reaction of carbonic acid with reservoir minerals, but alkalinity of in situ brine cannot overcome the acidity produced by dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Analysis suggests that displacement of brine as injection proceeds will lead to separation from supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and loss of saturated carbon dioxide, wherein alkalinity can neutralize the acidity, yielding near-neutral to alkaline pH. Silica concentrations and dissolution rates will become enhanced, whereas silica precipitation is inhibited by acidic brine. Acidified brine will also react with both reservoir rock and caprock, enriching the brine in metal cations and creating alkalinity. As silica-supersaturated, metal-laden brine migrates into areas without carbon dioxide, in situ monitoring can be used to indicate repository performance. Return of silica-supersaturated brine to a rock-dominated reaction system buffered to neutral pH conditions may enhance precipitation of quartz, chalcedony, or amorphous silica. Reaction kinetics among supercritical carbon dioxide, brine, and rock are comparable to rates in systems containing gaseous carbon dioxide.

Method of evaporating liquid from a solution

Abstract: A starting solution is concentrated to a desired end solution by contacting the starting solution with a gaseous medium under the conditions that the heat content of the starting solution in contact with the gaseous medium is smaller than the heat content of the medium, and the duration of contacting is such that most of the solution that evaporates does so under conditions of constant enthalpy. When the starting solution is a brine, and the gaseous medium is air whose relative humidity is less than the relative humidity at the air/brine interface, the brine can be sprayed into the air to form a shower of droplets within which heat and vapor transfer take place during the transit time of the droplets in the air. When the ratio of droplets to air is sufficiently small, the heat content of the droplets is much smaller than the heat content of the air. When the temperature of the brine exceeds the wet-bulb temperature of the air, the latent heat flux is greater than the sensible heat flux, and the temperature of the droplets rapidly approaches the wet-bulb temperature of the air as the droplets are cooled by evaporation. Once the wet-bulb temperature at the air/brine surface is substantially equal to the wet-bulb temperature of the air, a different process takes place, wherein the latent heat flux is substantially equal to the sensible heat flux, and the temperature of the brine approaches the temperature of the air without involving a change in enthalpy.