Brine

About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.

Heat pump/engine system and a method for utilizing same

Abstract: The invention provides a heat pump/engine system having a water/brine flash evaporator (2) in fluid communication with a first air/brine heat exchanger (10), a brine condenser (20) in fluid communication with a second air/brine heat exchanger (26), and a vapor compressor/turbine (16) connected on a fluid conduit (14) leading from the flash evaporator to the brine condensor Heat/pump methods are also provided herein

Remote control valve for reverse osmosis water purifier

Abstract: A remote control valve which regulates a reverse osmosis water purifier with only fluid connections between the control valve and the water purifier, no mechanical, electrical, or other such connections, being necessary. The control valve includes: a valve body having a purified water inlet, a brine inlet and a brine return outlet all connectible to the water purifier, having a waste outlet connectible to a drain, and having a purified water discharge outlet; a brine inlet valve controlling flow into the valve body through the brine inlet; manually operable means for opening the brine inlet valve; means for directing brine flow from the brine inlet to the brine return outlet upon opening of the brine inlet valve so as to pressurize the purified water in the water purifier, whereby purified water is delivered to the purified water discharge outlet; brine bleed means for metering brine from the brine inlet to the waste outlet when the brine inlet valve is closed; and purified water bleed means for delivering excess purified water to the waste outlet when the brine inlet valve is closed, thereby reducing the pressure on the purified water to atmospheric. A purified water nozzle means connects the purified water inlet to the purified water discharge outlet and bypasses the purified water bleed means when the brine inlet valve is open. A check valve means prevents brine flow through the waste outlet when the brine inlet valve is open, thereby directing all of the brine flow back to the water purifier by way of the brine return outlet.

Optimization of magnesium recovery from reject brine for reuse in desalination post-treatment

Abstract: In this work, the recovery of magnesium from desalination reject brine through reaction with ammonia has been evaluated and statistically optimized using response surface methodology. The process is based on precipitation of magnesium hydroxide by the reaction of MgCO3 in the brine with ammonium hydroxide. A software, which is designed for studying chemical reaction and equilibrium, was employed to perform the thermodynamic analysis of the reaction of magnesium carbonate with ammonia, which was found to be exothermic and spontaneous in the temperature range of 0–22 °C. Central composite design (5-level, 3-factor) was used to optimize the process to obtain the maximum response of magnesium recovery as a function of reaction temperature, brine salinity, and ammonia to magnesium molar ratio. Maximum recovery of 99% was obtained at a temperature of 15 °C, brine salinity of 85 g/L, and a molar ratio of 4.4NH3: 1 Mg. The predicted response was in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The collected solid product at optimum conditions was characterized using X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive Spectra analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis indicated the high purity of the recovered product in the form of Brucite (Mg(OH)2).

Cold storage tank

Abstract: A cold storage tank is mounted in a pit in the ground. An outer plastic sheet barrier lines the pit. A lining of incompressible insulating material lines the interior surface of the outer barrier. An inner plastic sheet barrier lines the interior surfaces of the insulation. A plurality of bags of fresh water are mounted inside of the inner barrier. Brine and gravel fills the inner barrier and the voids between said fresh water bags and covers the fresh water bags. An out-take pipe extends into the brine and is connected to a pump. A shallow tray is mounted above ground and the out-take pipe is connected to spray the brine onto the tray during freezing weather. An intake pipe is connected to drain the tray and return the cooled brine to the interior of the inner barrier. The brine surrounding the water bags is circulated through a heat exchanger for cooling air when required. Therefore the water in the bags will be frozen during freezing weather and cool air may be drawn out during warm weather for house or other cooling purposes.