Topic
Brine
About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.
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TL;DR: An experimentally validated model was used to compare concurrent water softening operations at various salt application quantities with and without the direct reuse of waste brine for treated tap water of typical midwestern water quality and both approaches were able to reduce salt use and subsequent discharge.
Abstract: Ion-exchange water softening results in the discharge of excess sodium chloride to the aquatic environment during the regeneration cycle. In order to reduce sodium chloride use and subsequent discharge from ion-exchange processes, either brine reclaim operations can be implemented or salt application during regeneration can be reduced. Both result in tradeoffs related to loss of bed volumes treated per cycle and increased hardness leakage. An experimentally validated model was used to compare concurrent water softening operations at various salt application quantities with and without the direct reuse of waste brine for treated tap water of typical midwestern water quality. Both approaches were able to reduce salt use and subsequent discharge. Reducing salt use and discharge by lowering the salt application rate during regeneration consequently increased hardness leakage and decreased treatment capacity. Single or two tank brine recycling systems are capable of reducing salt use and discharge without increasing hardness leakage, although treatment capacity is reduced.
29 citations
Patent•
25 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a process for separating and recovering metal values and salts from brine, such as brine produced from a subterranean geothermal reservoir, is described, in which the brine is pressurized to above the bubble point pressure and thereafter a precipitating agent such as a soluble sulfide, is added to the braine to form insoluble metal sulfide precipitates.
Abstract: A process for separating and recovering metal values and salts from brine, such as brine produced from a subterranean geothermal reservoir, in which the brine is pressurized to above the bubble point pressure and thereafter a precipitating agent, such as a soluble sulfide, is added to the brine to form insoluble metal sulfide precipitates. The precipitates are separated from the brine while maintaining the brine at a pressure above the bubble point pressure, and the hot brine is subsequently utilized to derive energy therefrom. The brine effluent after such energy derivation and the precipitate are optionally processed to primarily recover saleable salts and metal values, respectively.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the viscosity ratio and interfacial tension (IFT) on the steady-state relative permeability of CO2 and brine were investigated.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new theoretical approach adopting the transient time-dependent apparent rate constant of hydrate formation with salts was proposed to predict the formation kinetics of R22 hydrates under brine environments, which was in good agreement with the experimental results.
28 citations
Patent•
29 Aug 1983TL;DR: Water soluble acrylamide/alkylacrylamides copolymers which are efficient viscosifiers of water or brine are described in this paper, which are made by processes which finely disperse the water insoluble alkylacryamide into a water-external microemulsion or a micellar surfactant solution.
Abstract: Water soluble acrylamide/alkylacrylamide copolymers which are efficient viscosifiers of water or brine are described. They are made by processes which finely disperse the water insoluble alkylacrylamide into a water-external microemulsion or a micellar surfactant solution.
28 citations