Topic
Brine
About: Brine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6542 publications have been published within this topic receiving 76741 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the performance characteristics of a multi-stage flash desalination process were analyzed based on a number of simplified configurations, including a single-stage flashing unit, a once-through multistage flashing system, and configurations with brine recycle.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify and map four hydrostratigraphic units in the Permian Basin area beneath western Texas and Oklahoma and eastern New Mexico, providing spatial and lithologic constraints on the interpretation of the origin and movement of brine.
Abstract: Na-Cl, halite Ca-Cl, and gypsum Ca-Cl brines with salinities from 45 to >300 g/L are identified and mapped in four hydrostratigraphic units in the Permian Basin area beneath western Texas and Oklahoma and eastern New Mexico, providing spatial and lithologic constraints on the interpretation of the origin and movement of brine. Na-Cl brine is derived from meteoric water as young as 5-10 Ma that dissolved anhydrite and halite, whereas Ca-Cl brine is interpreted to be ancient, modified-connate Permian brine that now is mixing with, and being displaced by, the Na-Cl brine. Displacement fronts appear as broad mixing zones with no significant salinity gradients. Evolution of Ca-Cl brine composition from ideal evaporated sea water is attributed to dolomitization and syndepositional recycling of halite and bittern salts by intermittent influx of fresh water and sea water. Halite Ca-Cl brine in the evaporite section in the northern part of the basin differs from gypsum Ca-Cl brine in the south-central part in salinity and Na/Cl ratio and reflects segregation between halite- and gypsum-precipitating lagoons during the Permian. Ca-Cl brine moved downward through the evaporite section into the underlying Lower Permian and Pennsylvanian marine section that is now the deep-basin brine aquifer, mixing there withmore » pre-existing sea water. Buoyancy-driven convection of brine dominated local flow for most of basin history, with regional advection governed by topographically related forces dominant only for the past 5 to 10 Ma. 71 refs., 11 figs.« less
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the evaporation rate of seven brines whose average specific gravities varied from 1.207 to 1.333. The field data agree exceptionally well with differential vapor pressures over Great Salt Lake brine, measured in the laboratory by Dickson et al. [1965].
Abstract: Evaporation rates were determined for seven brines whose average specific gravities varied from 1.207 to 1.333. Evaporation of the brines ranged from 70% to 9.5%, respectively, of the freshwater evaporation rate. The field data agree exceptionally well with differential vapor pressures over Great Salt Lake brine, measured in the laboratory by Dickson et al. [1965]. Water occasionally condenses on the heavier brines because of an inverted vapor pressure gradient.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean activity coefficients of NaCl, KCl and MgCl2 have been calculated for the chloride brines of the Dead Sea (ionic strength 7.9-8.8).
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the absorbent can be regenerated in a conventional solar still in the same manner in which saline water is desalinated using solar energy, and a theoretical and experimental study of the regeneration process has been carried out and the results are presented in this paper.
61 citations