Showing papers on "Broadband networks published in 2021"

6G for Bridging the Digital Divide: Wireless Connectivity to Remote Areas

Abstract: In telecommunications, network service accessibility as a requirement is closely related to equitably serving the population residing at locations that can most appropriately be described as remote. Remote connectivity, however, would have benefited from a more inclusive consideration in the existing generations of mobile communications. To remedy this, sustainability and its social impact are being positioned as key drivers of the sixth generation's (6G) research and standardization activities. In particular, there has been a conscious attempt to understand the demands of remote wireless connectivity, which has led to a better understanding of the challenges that lie ahead. In this perspective, this article overviews the key challenges associated with constraints on network design and deployment to be addressed for providing broadband connectivity to rural areas, and proposes novel approaches and solutions for bridging the digital divide in those regions.

Performance Analysis and Prediction for Mobile Internet-of-Things (IoT) Networks: A CNN Approach

Abstract: With the increasingly mature sensor technology and the increasing popularity of broadband network, “the Internet-of-Everything” era is coming, and the mobile Internet of Things (IoT) is booming around the world. However, the mobile IoT communication networks face serious challenges, which are caused by the complex and variable communication environments. The mobile IoT applications can produce large-scale data, which will consume substantial energy. The transmit antenna selection (TAS) and cooperative communication schemes are commonly used to reduce the complexity and the energy consumption, which directly impact the performance of mobile IoT networks. To evaluate the performance of mobile IoT networks, it is important to analyze outage probability (OP) performance. In this article, we investigate the OP performance analysis of mobile IoT communication networks and propose an OP intelligent prediction algorithm based on an improved convolutional neural network (CNN). First, the mobile OP performance is analyzed by combining the TAS and decode-and-forward cooperative schemes, and the exact OP expressions are derived. Then, an improved CNN is designed to avoid the loss of important information, which contains the input layer, three-convolution layer, one fully connected layer, and output layer. The proposed CNN-based prediction approach is compared with the radial basis function (RBF), generalized regression (GR), Elman, and extreme learning machine (ELM) methods. The simulation results validate that the proposed CNN prediction approach can achieve a better prediction effect than RBF, Elman, GR, and ELM methods. For the CNN approach, it has a 44% increase in the prediction accuracy.

Survey on Optical Wireless Communications-Based Services Applied to the Tourism Industry: Potentials and Challenges

Abstract: In this paper, we explore the potential applications of Optical Wireless Communications in the tourism industry, considering both indoor and outdoor scenarios and different transmission speeds. They range from high-speed atmospheric outdoor links (Free-Space Optics (FSO)) to indoor systems based on high-speed lighting networks (known under the trade name LiFi©) or low-speed services support the Internet of Things networks, using visible light (VLC) or IR emitters, with receivers based on either on classical photodiodes or in image sensors, known as Optical Camera Communications. The avant-garde applications of this technology have been studied focusing on three possible use scenarios: the traveler himself, in what we have called TAN (Tourist Area Network); the tourist facility, which includes not only the hotel but also leisure areas (theme parks, museums, natural protected areas) or services (restaurants, shopping areas, etc.); and the entire destination, which can be both the city or the territory where the tourist is received, within the paradigm of the Smart Tourist Destination (STD). In addition to the classic services based on radio frequency and wired broadband networks, these technologies will make it possible to meet the tourist’s challenging needs, the establishment, and the destination. Besides, they cover the services imposed by the new marketing services related to location or context and feed the big data systems used to study tourist behavior.

A Techno-Economic Framework for Installing Broadband Networks in Rural and Remote Areas

Abstract: Expanding broadband services represents a significant challenge for broadband operators, especially in light of the requirements related to the total cost of ownership of these technologies. In the last few years, this expansion has advanced significantly, but it still represents a challenge that must be overcome since there is a need to provide low-cost services to rural communities in remote areas. Issues related to geographical location, the low income of residents, and the lack of public infrastructural facilities lead to a disadvantageous relationship between the potential revenue for operators and the high costs of deploying infrastructure. Although there are several research endeavors in the literature aimed at addressing how connectivity can be provided, they do not discuss systems that take account of the specific features of these regions or that have adapted services and network applications to meet the needs of these communities. Thus, using dimensioning systems for the total cost of network ownership and taking into account capital and network operating expenses, this study establishes a technical and economic framework for the deployment of broadband networks in rural and remote areas. It also applies economic feasibility analysis techniques designed to assist decision making by interpreting the effects of any financial investment made and estimating the expected profits of the broadband operators. We also recommend the use of socioeconomic indicators to predict the potential social impact of this framework on the development of these regions. We employ a case study to demonstrate the operational features of the planned framework. Based on real data obtained from a municipality located in the Brazilian Amazon region, we show that it is possible to reduce the cost of subscribing to broadband services for end-users by reducing deployment costs and thus ensure that access to digital services can be equitably obtained.

Implementation of chordal ring network topology to enhance the performance of wireless broadband network

Abstract: The expansion of networks involved higher jump on the users utilizing the networks resources, which may require extra higher bandwidth. Due to the development of technology especially those folded under the Internet of Things (IoT), the new demand of higher data rate is been witnesses among the users. In order to feed the demand of users with high data rate, broadband networks are required where high data rate can be ensured for each user. Broadband networks can be established using optical network that carries the data through wide broadband. Areas such as rural and forests sides which are witnessing plenty of natural obstacles such as mountains, trees, seas, etc. are forming big challenge for propagating a cable (wire) or optical network. Due to the limitations of the wire network, World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has been introduced as substitution for the broadband network. Such kind of alternative can be deployed through any geographical area without concerning on the wire paths. WiMAX preserved large coverage area and hence it may not suffer from the signal hand-off as in the case of another wireless network. In this project, Chordal Ring network topology is implemented to enhance the performance of wireless broadband network. With different routing protocols such as Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV) and Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), the network performance was examined for various Chordal Ring degree (e.g. fourth degree and fifth degree). Performance metrics such as number of transmitted packets, number of received packers, delivered packet rate (PDR), total number of drop packers (DP) and average queuing delay (been measured). Finally, the obtained results had been shown that fifth-degree Chordal Ring network is outperforming through DSDV routing protocol

Non-Satellite Broadband Maritime Communications for e-Navigation Services

Abstract: The development of broadband network access technologies available to users on land has triggered a rapid expansion of a diverse range of services provided by terrestrial networks. However, due to limitations of digital communication technologies in the off-shore area, the maritime ICT systems evolution so far has not followed that trend. Despite the e-navigation initiative defining the set of Maritime Services, the progress in the maritime ICT systems evolution has been slow. Only a few systems, including the VHF Data Exchange System (VDES), or the TRI-Media Telematic Oceanographic Network (TRITON) have been proposed to extend the basic set of services offered by classical radio-communication solutions. However, all those systems have significant limitations. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the netBaltic system designed as a fully heterogeneous system for modern maritime communications. Its unique feature is the capability to transparently use different communication technologies to efficiently support maritime ICT services, as well as openness for the incorporation of future communication technologies. The paper presents an overview of VDES, TRITON and netBaltic systems and analysis showing their expected strengths and weaknesses. The systems are then compared in simulated environments, illustrating real-world usage scenarios based on real maritime traffic information and performance measurements obtained during off-shore measurement campaigns. Results indicate that netBaltic seems to be the most versatile one and is capable of offering access to all services defined by International Maritime Organization, due to its ability to use different communication technologies simultaneously and functionality offered by its Delay Tolerant Networking component.

8K-UHD service platform using SHVC for ATSC 3.0-based terrestrial broadcasting

Abstract: This paper introduces an SHVC-based terrestrial 8K-UHD service platform which is compliant with the ATSC 3.0. By sending two separated layers using different networks, the suggested system provides compatibility for legacy 4K receivers. The first layer is a base layer containing 4K-UHD content delivered via broadcast network. The second layer is an enhancement layer delivered via broadband network containing additional information consisting of 8K-UHD service. The laboratory test results show that the implemented system delivers and presents 8K-UHD service by combining these two layers.

AI-Driven Partial Topology Discovery Algorithm for Broadband Networks

Abstract: Complete topology discovery is the most important MAC service in broadband networks but it holds spatial and temporal complexities for the network-wide, i.e in the data link layer it requires considerable time amount to update all link status management information. Moreover, many service providers are complaining about high operational time and resource usage in the complete topology discovery process. Additionaly, consuming high resources leads to a huge amount of management traffic on the links. At this point, partial topology discovery arises as an alternative solution as a more efficient MAC service for the next generation broadband networks to reduce complexities and maintain smooth functioning. However, manual execution of partial topology discovery leads to risky situations for the network arising from human intervention. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an AI-driven partial topology discovery approach to maintain a global MAC service which serves both physical and virtual connections in a broadband network. Besides, with this approach, we not only preserve the network resources but also have the ability of forecasting the device-based network statistics. For this aim, we use Hidden Markov Model in order to estimate the path to be discovered regarding the arrived log patterns of the devices. Thanks to the partial path estimation, we eliminate the usage of every node in the discovery and achieve up-to-date topology information more rapidly. Consequently, according to our simulations, we succeed in a significant reduction in the number of nodes used by 60%, required time to have up-to-date topology by 35%. And finally, as a consequence of using less amount of nodes, we reduce the management traffic on the links on average 50%.

Data Traffic Models for Broadband Backbone in 5G Networks

Abstract: Broadband backbone for the 5-th generation networks is essential for QoS to the end customer. It must be fulfilled in any conditions. The Quality of Service (QoS), that must be observed in this type of network is the probability of blocking, less than 10−12. Considering the ultra-high speed, it is not allowed any technical problem. The construction of the traceroute and the selection of devices, must take into account many different parameters, such as reliability, price, terrain, climatic features, region and loads. MINI-LINK 6352 is one of the devices, which supports those conditions. Traffic models, queue and the parameters of equipment is presented in the paper, as a part of broadband network traceroute in the North Bulgaria.

A network analysis on cloud gaming: Stadia, GeForce Now and PSNow

Abstract: Cloud gaming is a class of services that promises to revolutionize the videogame market. It allows the user to play a videogame with essential equipment while using a remote server for the actual execution. The multimedia content is streamed through the network from the server to the user. Hence, this service requires low latency and a large bandwidth to work properly with low response time and high-definition video. Three of the leading tech companies (Google, Sony, and NVIDIA) entered this market with their products, and others, like Microsoft and Amazon, are also launching their platforms. However, these companies have released little information about their cloud gaming operation and how they utilize the network. In this work, we study cloud gaming services from the network point of view. We collect more than 200 packet traces under different application settings and network conditions from a broadband network to poor mobile network conditions, for 3 cloud gaming services, namely Stadia from Google, GeForce Now from NVIDIA and PS Now from Sony. We analyze the employed protocols and the workload that they impose on the network. We find that GeForce Now and Stadia use the RTP protocol to stream the multimedia content, with the latter relying on the standard WebRTC APIs. Depending on the network and video quality, they result in bandwidth-hungry services consuming up to 45 Mbit/s. PS Now instead uses only undocumented protocols and never exceeds 13 Mbit/s. 4G mobile networks can often sustain these loads, while traditional 3G connections struggle. The systems quickly react to deteriorated network conditions, and packet losses up to 5% do not cause a reduction in resolution.

Wireless broadband meter collar

Abstract: A broadband access system, comprising a broadband access hub device (hub device) and broadband access premise devices (premise devices) wirelessly coupled the hub device to provide broadband services to multiple user equipment (UEs), is described. The hub device may access broadband services on a fiber optic broadband network and wirelessly provide access to the broadband services to the premise devices. The premise device may wirelessly communicate with the hub device and communicate with user equipment (UEs) for providing access to the broadband services through the hub device. The premise device may be attached to an electric utility meter, and a power interface module of the premise device may supply electrical power to the premise device from the electric utility meter.

Fault-tolerance to Cascaded Link Failures of Video Traffic on Attacked Wireless Networks

Abstract: Research has been conducted on wireless network single link failures. However, cascaded link failures due to fraudulent attacks have not received enough attention, whereas this requires solutions. This research developed an enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA) focused on capacity efficiency and fast restoration to rapidly resolve link-link failures. On complex nodes network, this fault-tolerant model was tested for such failures. Optimal alternative routes and the bandwidth required for quick rerouting of video traffic were generated by the proposed model. Increasing cascaded link failures increases bandwidth usage and causes transmission delay, which slows down video traffic routing. The proposed model outperformed popular Dijkstra models, in terms of time complexity. The survived solution paths demonstrate that the proposed model works well in maintaining connectivity despite cascaded link failures and would therefore be extremely useful in pandemic periods on emergency matters. The proposed technology is feasible for current business applications that require high-speed broadband networks.

Characterization of Millimeter Waves RoFSO Link for 5G Applications

Abstract: Radio over free-space optics (RoFSO) communication system is useful for different applications where optical fibers are not possible, like in rural areas, to provide wireless services easily and more effectively. Radio over free-space optics framework is one of the developing advancements toward the 5G networks. With the consistent increase of data and media associations, radio frequency (RF) range has additionally expanded, and subsequently, there emerges a need to move from RF carrier to optical carrier. Additionally, the RoFSO innovation can be applied as an all-inclusive technology for both the fiber and free-space optical communication systems and in this manner stretching out broadband network to underserved regions. In this work, we characterize the performance of a millimeter waves RoFSO link considering different modulation techniques for 5G applications. Quality of received signal has been analyzed as function of transmission range, transmitted power, data rate, and beam divergence considering different modulation formats.

Mobile wireless broadband network interface card (mwbnic) and k-net

Abstract: A Mobile Wireless Broadband Network Interface Card (MWBNIC) for networking electronic devices on a wireless broadband spectrum. The MWBNIC is built into electronic devices as a connecting modem or plugged in via external device ports such as USB. A microprocessor chip attached to a circuit board with a network packet controller coupled to a dedicated cache memory utilized to temporarily store the last N data packets from a node for networking WIFI maintains packet continuity. The network comes with protocols that control packet processing. The MWBNIC embedded packet control protocol (PCP) pushes, pops, compares and deletes packets from cache when a device is in motion. The PCP is connected to a mechanism for determining bandwidth on nodes, another mechanism for switching frequency to that of the next K-Node to connect to and a pre-determ ined connectivity data set that directly connects the modem in motion are means for networking broadband spectrum.

System of an all purpose broadband network

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a large-scale broadband wireless network capable of providing a very high wireless data capacity. The broadband wireless network may comprise a publish-subscribe broker network for routing packets of sensor data, on behalf of the sensor device that publishes the sensor data, to any communicating entity that has subscribed to the sensor data and is supported by the publish-subscribe broker network.

System and method for dual internet access of mobile communication network and broadband network, and customer premises equipment therefor

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dual Internet access technique in which customer premises equipment supports dual Internet access, which performs switching control on an external access path between a mobile communication network and a broadband network (the Internet), in response to a communication situation, so as to detect, in real time, a fault in Internet access when Internet access quality is bad or access to a wired Internet communication network is difficult because of a cable tunnel fire and the like and to stably maintain the quality of access to the Internet through access path switching corresponding to the fault. According to the present invention, Internet access can be stably maintained through dual access to a mobile communication network and the internet, and, particularly, even when wired Internet access slows down or is cut off, or when access to the wired Internet communication network is difficult because of a cable tunnel fire and the like, the customer premises equipment can ensure communication connectivity to the Internet for indoor users.

Internet access system of providing dualized connection for mobile network and broadband network and method for the same

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dual Internet access technique in which customer premises equipment supports dual Internet access, which performs switching control on an external access path between a mobile communication network and a broadband network (the Internet), in response to a communication situation, so as to detect, in real time, a fault in Internet access when Internet access quality is bad or access to a wired Internet communication network is difficult because of a cable tunnel fire and the like and to stably maintain the quality of access to the Internet through access path switching corresponding to the fault. According to the present invention, Internet access can be stably maintained through dual access to a mobile communication network and the internet, and, particularly, even when wired Internet access slows down or is cut off, or when access to the wired Internet communication network is difficult because of a cable tunnel fire and the like, the customer premises equipment can ensure communication connectivity to the Internet for indoor users.