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Showing papers on "Brown rice published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that 70% to 80% of the vitamins were lost during the milling process of rice, wheat, barley, rice, maize and sorghum, and the lowest vitamin content was found in highly refined rice, containing only 5% of folate and 10% of niacin present in brown rice.
Abstract: Rye, wheat, barley, rice, maize and sorghum were milled into more or less refined fractions, and the content of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, biotin, niacin and tryptophan were determined. Differences in vitamin content between the different cereal grains were rather small. Refining resulted in marked losses of all vitamins studied. On average, 70%–80% of the vitamins were lost during the milling process. The lowest vitamin content was found in highly refined rice, containing only about 5% of the folate and 10% of the niacin present in brown rice. Maize had a low content of tryptophan, and the concentration was greatly reduced by degerming. For the other cereal grains, milling had only a slight effect on tryptophan concentrations.

97 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lethal activity of buprofezin analogs related well to their inhibitory potency against chitin biosynthesis in N. lugens nymphs.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
R.J. Hodges, H. Halid, D.P. Rees, J. Meik, J. Sarjono 
TL;DR: The most useful of the traps tested was a bait bag containing brown rice milled from local rough rice, which would have several advantages over extensive spear sampling—it is positioned and retrieved more easily, the extraction of insects from it is very simple and, unlike spear sampling, it does not damage sacks.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results highlight the importance of uniform distribution of Acarbose through a carbohydrate meal in order to achieve maximum effectiveness in delaying digestion and absorption and yet not promoting carbohydrate malabsorption.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The number of esophageal tumors was significantly related to the dietary concentration of some minerals and vitamins and Supplementing marginally deficient corn or wheat diets with various combinations of nicotinic acid, riboflavin, zinc, magnesium, molybdenum, and selenium significantly reduced the numbers of esophileal tumors.
Abstract: Previous epidemiologic studies associated large differences of esophageal cancer risk with the nature of the staple diet. In this study, various cereals and dietary staples were fed to inbred BD IX rats for 7 months or longer. N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine [(MBN) CAS:937-40-6] was given five times subcutaneously between the 45th and 58th day. The percentage of rats with tumors and the mean number of tumors per esophagus were similar when corn, wheat, commercial bird-resistant sorghum, bananas, and polished rice were fed but were strikingly lower when the basis of the diets was millet, red sorghum, brown rice, or potatoes. The number of esophageal tumors was significantly related to the dietary concentration of some minerals and vitamins. Supplementing marginally deficient corn or wheat diets with various combinations of nicotinic acid, riboflavin, zinc, magnesium, molybdenum, and selenium significantly reduced the numbers of esophageal tumors. When the feeding of protective cereals or nutrients was commenced only 150 days after MBN was given, a marked inhibitory effect on the progression of tumors was still observed.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nymphs could not grow to the adult stage when thiamine, pyridoxine or pantothenic acid was deleted, therefore, these three vitarnins are essential.
Abstract: Essential vitamins for nymphal development ofthe brown rice planthopper were studied. Newly hatched nymphs were reared on artificial diets deleting a single vitamin. Nymphs could not grow to the adult stage when thiamine, pyridoxine or pantothenic acid was deleted. Therefore, these three vitarnins are essential. The minimum concentrations required were O.O05 to O.Ol mgt100 mt of thiamine hydrochloride, O.039 to O.078 mgt100 ml of Ca pantothenate and less than O.O05 mgl100 ml ofpyridoxine hydrechloride.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Papua New Guinea isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae from the rhinoceros beetles, Scapanes australis and Oryctes rh inoceros; the black palm weevil, Rhynchophorus bilineatus; and three other insect orders (Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Dermaptera) were all short-spored.

20 citations




Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In order to investigate the cracking mechanism of a rice kernel, some experiments and analyses have been made as mentioned in this paper, and they have shown that the kernel can be cracked by a small amount of water.
Abstract: In order to investigate the cracking mechanism of a rice kernel, some experiments and analyses have been made.

8 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the compression and stress relaxation tests were made by using test pieces of the rice endosperm formed into cylindrical shapes under various temperatures and moisture contents, and the equations for estimating the master curves on the moduli were derived by assuming that the rice was a thermo- and hydro-rheologically simple material.
Abstract: Some properties required for the calculation of the internal stresses of a rice kernel during the drying process have been measured. The mechanism of moisture movement in a rice kernel has been discussed experimentally and the average equivalentradius and the moisture diffusivity of a brown rice kernel have been determined. By examining the experimental results on volume change with moisture content of brown rice kernels, the coefficients of cubical and linear hygroscopic expansion have been estimated. The compression and stress relaxation tests were made by using test pieces of the rice endosperm formed into cylindrical shapes under various temperatures and moisture contents. Empirical equations for the compresive and shear stress relaxation moduli of rice endosperm have been obtained as a function of time, temperature and moisturecontent. Furthermore, equations for estimating the master curves on the moduli have been derived by assuming that the rice endosperm was a thermo- and hydro-rheologically simple material.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The protein content and the protein quality of these milling fractions is critically reviewed in the ligth of available data on: total protein (P), true protein (TP), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), individual amino acids (AA), essential amino Acid (EAA), available amino acids(AAA), limiting amino acid (LAA), amino acid score, protein efficiency ratio (PER, net protein ratio (NPR), net protein utilization (NPU), biological value, true digestibility (TD
Abstract: Husks, bran, brokens and milled rice, the four major products from rice milling, differ in the quantity and the quality of the protein they contain. The protein content and the protein quality of these milling fractions is critically reviewed in the ligth of available data on: total protein (P), true protein (TP), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), individual amino acids (AA), essential amino acids (EAA), available amino acids (AAA), limiting amino acid (LAA), amino acid score, protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR), net protein utilization (NPU), biological value (BV), true digestibility (TD), and other indices.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the chemical forms of heavy metal in soils by sequential extraction and determined relationships between the chemical distribution of heavy metals in the soil and the heavy metal content of the brown rice.
Abstract: Soil samples collected from paddy field adjacent to zinc-mining sites were sequentially extracted to assess chemical fractions of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb. The purpose of this study was two fold; (i) to examine the chemical forms of heavy metal in soils by sequential extraction. and (ii) to determine relationships between the chemical distribution of heavy metal in the soil and the heavy metal content of the brown rice. The results are summarized as follows. The content of exchangeable, organically bound and carbonate Cd and residual Zn was 73.9% and 63.8% of total Cd and Zn in the soil, respectively. The content of exchangeable Cd, Zn and Pb in soil showed highly negative correlations with pH, organically bound Cd, carbonate Cd, sulfide Cd, Zn and Pb in soil showed highly positive correlations with pH. The content of organically bound Cd, Zn, Pb and carbonate Cu in soil showed highly positive correlations with organic matter content, while the content of sulfide Cu and residual Cd in soil showed highly negative correlation with organic matter content. The content of carbonate Cd, Zn, Pb and residual Cu in soil showed highly positive correlations with CEC, but the content of exchangeable Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and organically bound Cu in soil showed highly negative correlations with CEC. The content of total, organically bound, carbonate, sulfide and residual Cd in soil were highly correlated with that of Cd in brown rice. The content of any Pb fractions in soil were not correlated with that of Pb in brown rice. The content of water soluble and exchangeable Zn in soil were highly correlated with that of Zn in brown rice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method for simultaneous determination of residues of three herbicides containing nitrogen, propanil, linuron and diphenamide, in agricultural commodites was established.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a modified direct vapor injection gas chromatographic method was used to determine the retention time of n-hexanal in headspace over the cooked brown rice stored at and for 0 4, 8 and 12 months.
Abstract: n-Hexanal in headspace over the cooked brown rice stored at and for 0 4, 8 and 12 months was determined by a modified direct vapor injection gas chromatographic method The retention time of n-hexanal was 35 min and n-hexanal could be rapidly separated from other compounds at the operational conditions of gas chromatography n-Hexanal contents of cooked brown rice also showed a standard deviation of less than 10% of the average

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared four extractants-0.1 M HCl, 0.1M, 0.001 M 2Na-EDTA, and 0. 1 M and found that the extractability of the metals was in the order 0.
Abstract: In order to characterize relationship between accumulation of cadmium, zinc and lead in soil and soil chemical properties and also to choose a suitable soil extractant for the prediction model of heavy metal content in brown rice, four extractants-0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M , 0.1 M and 0.001 M 2Na-EDTA, were compared by analyzing 84 soil samples collected from paddy fields adjacent to five zinc-minig sites. Contents of Cd, and Pb in soil increased with Zn content and those of three elements were found to be much higher in surface soil () than suvsqrface soil (). Contents of these elements in soil were positively correlated with soil pH, but its correlation between extractable heavy metal content and organic matter or CEC varied from region to region. These three elements were negatively correlated with Mg content of soils. The extractability of the metals was in the order 0.1 M > 2Na-EDTA>0.1 M .