Brown rice

About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.

Genotypic variation in milling depression of iron and zinc concentration in rice grain

Abstract: Background and aims The loss of iron and zinc during milling to produce white rice can have serious consequences for human health. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate Fe and Zn partitioning between the endosperm, bran and embryo, and the milling loss of these nutrients among Thai rice genotypes.

Brown rice planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stal) detection based on deep learning

Abstract: The brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is one of the main pests of rice. The rapid and accurate detection of brown rice planthoppers (BRPH) can help treat rice in time. Due to the small size, large number and complex background of BRPHs, image detection of them is challenging. In this paper, a two-layer detection algorithm based on deep learning technology is proposed to detect them. The algorithm for both layers is the Faster RCNN (regions with CNN features). To effectively utilize the computing resources, different feature extraction networks have been selected for each layer. In addition, the second layer detection network was optimized to improve the final detection performance. The detection results of the two-layer detection algorithm were compared with the detection results of the single-layer detection algorithm. The detection results of the two-layer detection algorithm for detecting different populations and numbers of BRPHs were tested, and the test results were compared with YOLO v3, a deep learning target detection network. The test results show that the detection results of the two-layer detection algorithm were significantly better than those of the single-layer detection algorithm. In the tests for different numbers of BRPHs, the average recall rate of this algorithm was 81.92%, and the average accuracy was 94.64%; meanwhile, the average recall rate of YOLO v3 was 57.12%, and the average accuracy rate was 97.36%. In the experiment with different ages of BRPHs, the average recall rate of the algorithm was 87.67%, and the average accuracy rate was 92.92%. In comparison, for the YOLO v3, the average recall rate was 49.60%, and the average accuracy rate was 96.48%.

Analysis of arsenic in rice grains using ICP-MS and fs LA-ICP-MS

Abstract: With rice being the main staple crop in Asian countries such as China, Korea and Japan, the detection of arsenic (As), an element known to be carcinogenic to humans, has been the topic of high public interest. In this study, the total arsenic content in 200 white and 104 brown rice samples collected in Korea was analyzed using a Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). One of the rice grain samples was polished with 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 degrees of milling and arsenic concentration variance from the surface to the inner core region was investigated. Furthermore, spatial distribution of arsenic over the cross-section of a brown rice grain was obtained using femtosecond Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (fs LA-ICP-MS). For the total arsenic content analysis, 91.7 ± 28.1 and 101 ± 33.6 μg−1 kg−1 of arsenic were measured in the white and the brown rice, respectively. The fs LA-ICP-MS mapping image explains that the higher arsenic concentration in the brown rice is due to high arsenic distribution in the rice husk (protective covering of rice). Consequently, some degree of rice milling may be effective in the reduction of arsenic intake.

Pre-germinated brown rice reduced both blood glucose concentration and body weight in Vietnamese women with impaired glucose tolerance.

Abstract: We have reported that newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Vietnam have a low body mass index (BMI) of around 23 and that the major factor for this is high white rice (WR) intake. Brown rice (BR) is known to be beneficial in the control of blood glucose levels; however, it has the property of unpleasant palatability. Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) is slightly germinated by soaking BR in water as this reduces the hardness of BR and makes it easier to eat. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a 4-mo PGBR administration on various parameters in Vietnamese women aged 45-65 y with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Sixty subjects were divided into a WR or PGBR group. For the first 2 wk, WR was replaced by 50% PGBR, then for 2 wk by 75% PGBR and from the second month 100%. Before the beginning of the study and at the end of the study, 1) anthropometric measurements, 2) a nutrition survey for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method and 3) blood biochemical examinations were conducted. Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose and lipids and the obesity-related measurements and blood pressure were favorably improved only in the PGBR diet group. The present results suggest that replacing WR with PGBR for 4 mo may be useful in controlling body weight as well as blood glucose and lipid levels in Vietnamese women with IGT.

Arsenic Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties of Bangladesh: A Glass House Study

Abstract: A glass house study was conducted to investigate the accumulation of arsenic in tissues of five widely cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh namely BRRI dhan 28, BRRI dhan 29, BRRI dhan 35, BRRI dhan 36, BRRI hybrid dhan 1. Arsenic concentrations were measured in straw, husk and brown and polish rice grain to see the differential accumulation of arsenic among the rice varieties. The results showed that the concentrations of arsenic in different parts of all rice varieties increased significantly (p BRRI dhan 35 > BRRI dhan 36 > BRRI dhan 29 > BRRI hybrid dhan 1. The order of arsenic contents in tissues of rice was: straw > husk > brown rice grain > polish rice grain.