Brown rice

About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.

Evaluation of Agar and Grain Media for Mass Production of Conidia of Dactylaria higginsii

Abstract: Growth and sporulation of Dactylaria higginsii were quantified on complex agar media containing biological materials (group 1) and chemically defined agar media (group 2), as well as on grains, and the inoculum produced on these various substrates was tested for virulence on Cyperus rotundus. The fungus grew well between 25 and 30°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA), with 27°C being the optimum temperature. Generally, conidial production was highly variable and lower on complex agar media than on chemically defined media. Addition of purple nutsedge leaves to PDA did not increase colony growth or conidial production when compared with una-mended PDA. Conidial production was lowest on brown rice compared with white rice or white rice with nutsedge leaves. Peak production on grain media occurred from day 12 in test 1 (2.4 × 106 spores/g of grain) and on day 16 in test 2 (2.5 × 106 spores/g of grain). Germination rate of conidia produced on white rice was 50% compared with the near 100% germination of conidia produced on PDA or on white rice amended with potato dextrose broth (PDB). Conidia produced on white rice or PDA, when tested fresh or after two washings, were less virulent on C. rotundus than conidia from white rice amended with PDB. After four washings, conidia from all three media produced the same level of disease severity. White rice supplemented with PDB and PDA in trays were suitable for mass production of conidia of D. higginsii.

Special formulation fertilizer for rice

Abstract: The invention belongs to fertilizer technical field, more particularly relates to a rice special formula fertilizer, which is characterized in that effective elements of the fertilizer are calculated by weight percent of pure nutrient are nitrogen 25-15, phosphorus pentoxide 15-9, potassium oxide 20-12, silicon dioxide 5-0, calcium 8-0, sulphur 5-1 and zinc 2-1 Compared with the present technique, the rice special formula fertilizer of the invention has reasonable match, accords with the nutrient absorption law of rice, can promote rice growth obviously and raise rough rice output, increase economic benefits and improve rice nutriment quality In application test, the rice special formula fertilizer of the invention increases the rice yield by 660-820 kg per hectare, increases income 756-146 RMB, increases crude protein, raw fat, crude fiber, nitrogenfree extract and crude ash by 41-86, 014-080, 04-08, 01-30, 04-10 percentage points respectively, increases brown rice rate, integral white rice rate, white rice rate of rice processed quality by 14%, 17% and 18% respectively, reduces chalkiness granule rate, chalkiness by 32% and 19% respectively, reduces content of amylose by 10% In the meanwhile, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is raised by 51%-138%

Fine Mapping Identifies a New QTL for Brown Rice Rate in Rice ( Oryza Sativa L.)

Abstract: High yield and quality determine the commercial potential of rice variety. Brown rice rate (BRR) is a key factor ensuring grain yield and quality in rice. So far, there were few reports about the genes that directly controlled the BRR in rice. Therefore, dissecting the genetic mechanism of the BRR genes can facilitate improving effective rice supply or edible grain yield. A double haploid population derived from the cross between Taichung Native 1 (TN1) (an indica variety) and Chunjiang 06 (CJ06) (a japonica variety) was used to investigate the genetic basis of grain milling and appearance traits affecting the BRR. By using a constructed molecular linkage map, four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the BRR were detected on chromosomes 1, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. In addition, three QTLs for appearance traits, including grain weight and grain length/width ratio, were detected on chromosomes 6, 9 and 10, respectively. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) were established at the qBRR-10 locus. Finally, the qBRR-10 was narrowed to a 39.5 kb region on chromosome 10. In this region, two candidate genes, LOC_Os10g32124 and LOC_Os10g32190, showed significantly differential expression in TN1 and CSSL1-2 compared with CJ06. Histocytological analysis suggested that cell size and hull thickness may be important factors for the BRR. In the study, the qBRR-10 affected the BRR and was finally located to a region between two markers, P13 and P14. Two candidate genes were selected based on the expression difference between two parents, which facilitated the further cloning of the qBRR-10 gene and largely contributed to improve the grain yield and quality in rice.

Hydration of raw and parboiled rice and paddyat room temperature.

Abstract: Milled rice rapidly absorbed moisture when put in water at room temperature reaching an equilibrium state within a few hours. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was 2-3 per cent more in a japonica and a dwarf indica than in indica raw rice (about 28 per cent). Compared to raw rice, the EMC was 0.5-2 per cent more in steamed rice and 5-15 per cent more in parboiled rice. The EMC value depended on the processing condition, being higher with the severity of parboiling. The EMC on soaking in water may thus be a sensitive test for parboiled rice as well as for varietal differences in rice. Rate of hydration was very much slower in paddy and a little slower in brown rice than in milled rice. The husk thus acted as a substantial barrier against absorption of water; paddy whose husk was slightly split by the hand, absorbed water nearly as fast as brown rice. Parboiled paddy, similarly, absorbed water much faster than raw paddy due to the slight splitting of its husk. Despite the large differences in the rate of hydration, the final EMC was nearly the same for paddy, brown rice and milled rice in a given variety and at a given state (raw or parboiled).