Brown rice

About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.

Consumption and acceptability of whole grain staples for lowering markers of diabetes risk among overweight and obese Tanzanian adults

Abstract: Dietary changes characterized by a reduction in carbohydrate quality are occurring in developing countries and may be associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. We assessed the preferences and acceptability of unrefined whole grain carbohydrate staples (i.e., brown rice, unrefined maize and unrefined sorghum ugali) as substitutes for commonly consumed refined carbohydrates in Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information and dietary habits, and pre-and post-tasting questionnaires were administered for test foods. A 10-point LIKERT scale was used to rate attributes of the three test foods. White rice and refined maize ugali were the most commonly consumed carbohydrate staples in this population; 98% and 91%, respectively. Occasional consumption of unrefined maize and sorghum ugali was reported by 32% and 23% of the participants, respectively. All of the test foods were highly rated for smell, taste, color, appearance and texture. Taste was rated highest for unrefined maize ugali. Almost all of the participants were willing to participate in a future dietary intervention involving regular consumption of these unrefined carbohydrates for at least six months duration. These findings suggest that whole grain carbohydrates are highly acceptable, and that there is a promising potential for their use in future dietary intervention studies in Tanzania.

Cadmium accumulation characteristics of low-cadmium rice ( Oryza sativa L.) line and F 1 hybrids grown in cadmium-contaminated soils

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) pollution has threatened severely to food safety and human health. A pot experiment and a field experiment were conducted to investigate the difference of Cd accumulation between rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines and F1 hybrids in Cd-contaminated soils. The adverse effect on biomass of rice lines was greater than that of F1 hybrids under Cd treatments in the pot experiment. The variations of Cd concentration among rice cultivars in different organs were smaller in stem and leaf, but larger in root and ear. Average proportion of Cd in root of F1 hybrids was 1.39, 1.39, and 1.16 times higher than those of rice lines at the treatment of 1, 2, and 4 mg Cd kg−1 soil, respectively. Cd concentrations in ear of F1 hybrids were significantly lower than rice lines with the reduction from 29.24 to 50.59%. Cd concentrations in brown rice of all F1 hybrids were less than 0.2 mg kg−1 at 1 mg Cd kg−1 soil, in which Lu98A/YaHui2816, 5406A/YaHui2816, and C268A/YaHui2816 could be screened out as cadmium-safe cultivars (CSCs) for being safe even at 2 mg Cd kg−1 soil. C268A/YaHui2816 showed the lowest Cd concentration in root among F1 hybrids, while Lu98A/YaHui2816 and 5406A/YaHui2816 showed lower capability of Cd translocation from root to shoot under Cd exposure, which eventually caused the lower Cd accumulation in brown rice. The lower level of Cd translocation contributed to reducing the accumulation of Cd in brown rice had been validated by the field experiment. Thus, Lu98A/YaHui2816, 5406A/YaHui2816, and C268A/YaHui2816 could be considered as potential CSCs to cultivate in Cd-contaminated soils (<2 mg Cd kg−1 soil).

On–line measurement of grain moisture content using rf impedance

Abstract: The dielectric properties of Korean short– and medium–grain rough rice, brown rice, barley, and wheat with moisture ranges of 11% to 27%, 11% to 18%, 11% to 21%, and 11% to 22%, wet basis, respectively, were characterized at 1 to 10 MHz for use in developing a prototype on–line moisture meter using RF impedance and moisture density (moisture content . bulk density). Moisture density was a materially significant parameter for moisture measurement. A linear regression model including oscillation frequency of the LC oscillator, moisture density, and grain temperature indicated coefficients of determination of 0.985 for rough rice, 0.934 for brown rice, 0.996 for barley, and 0.991 for wheat. The root mean square error of an on–line moisture meter was .0.40% moisture content, wet basis, compared with the oven method for moisture determination.

Comparative effects of different whole grains and brans on blood lipid: a network meta-analysis.

Abstract: The comparative effects of different whole grains and brans on blood lipid are still not totally elucidated. We aimed to estimate and rank the effects of different whole grains and brans on the control of blood lipid. We performed a strategic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for relevant trials. Both pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses were conducted to compare and rank the intervention strategies of whole grains and brans for the control of total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Fifty-five eligible trials with a total of 3900 participants were included. Cumulative ranking analyses showed that oat bran was the most effective intervention strategy for TC and LDL-C improvements, with significant decreases of − 0.35 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.47, − 0.23 mmol/L) and − 0.32 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.44, − 0.19 mmol/L) in TC and LDL-C compared with control, respectively. In comparison with control, oat was associated with significant reductions in TC by − 0.26 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.36, − 0.15 mmol/L) and LDL-C by − 0.17 mmol/L (95% CI − 0.28, − 0.07 mmol/L), which was ranked as the second best treatment. Barley, brown rice, wheat and wheat bran were shown to be ineffective in improving blood lipid compared with control. This network meta-analysis suggests that oat bran and oat are ranked higher than any other treatments for the regulations of TC and LDL-C, indicating that increasing oat sources of whole grain may be recommended for lipid control.