Brown rice

About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.

Ethylene and ACC levels in developing grains are related to the poor appearance and milling quality of rice

Abstract: The possible relationship between the levels of ethylene and 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the grains and the quality of rice (Oryzasativa L.) were investigated by using 12 rice cultivars. The results showed that both the ethylene evolution rate and ACC content in grains during the grain filling period correlated negatively with head rice production and positively with chalky kernels, chalky size, and chalkiness. The levels of ethylene and ACC were not significantly correlated with alkali spreading value and amylose content. Application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing agent, or ACC to panicles at the early grain filling stage significantly reduced the rates of brown rice, milled rice, and head rice, and significantly increased the percentage of chalky kernels, chalky size, and chalkiness. Application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACC synthase, had the opposite effect. Chalkiness appears to be a senescence related phenomenon which is stimulated by ethylene. The results suggest that ethylene and ACC in grains play an important role in regulating rice quality, and that grain appearance and milling quality would be improved though the reduction of ethylene and ACC in grains during grain filling.

Fermentability of brown rice and rice bran for growth of human Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826.

Abstract: The growth of the lactic acid probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 isolated from the human gut on rice-based media has been investigated. Fermentation broths were obtained from the whole grain brown rice and rice bran of two Thai rice cultivars, RD6 (glutinous) and RD17 (nonglutinous). The rice used was not germinated and fermentations were carried out in a single step without growth supplementation. L. plantarum grew well in all tested broths, and a final biomass value of approx. 10.4 log CFU/mL was obtained. In addition, biomass production and substrate depletion were satisfactorily modelled using an unstructured mathematical model. There were no statistical differences observed among the four rice media. The results confirm that brown rice and rice bran are suitable substrates for the culture of the probiotic L. plantarum NCIMB 8826. Rice bran, currently a by-product of

Effects of rice fiber on fecal weight, apparent digestibility of energy, nitrogen and fat, and degradation of neutral detergent fiber in young men.

Abstract: The effects of rice fiber on fecal weight, transit time, frequency of defecations, digestibility of nutrients and blood status were investigated in 5 healthy young men. Each of them consumed a brown rice diet and then a polished rice diet for 2 weeks respectively. Both diets contained 1.2 g protein per kg body weight. The brown rice diet contained 2 times as much dietary fiber as the polished rice diet. When they consumed the brown rice diet, it showed an increase of fecal weight and decrease of digestibility of energy, nitrogen and fat. Nitrogen balance was not significantly different and kept zero balance on both diets. Concentration of plasma cholesterol was not significantly different. The results suggest that rice fiber produced an increase in fecal weight, which is assumed to be effective in preventing colonic disease in advanced countries and does not affect plasma lipid level.

Evaluation of organic and conventional rice production systems for their productivity, profitability, grain quality and soil health

Abstract: Considering the importance of organic farming and growing demand for organically produced foods, field studies were conducted for 5 years (2004-05 to 2009-10) on a black clayey vertisol soil at the Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, to study the influence of organic and conventional farming systems on productivity, grain quality, soil health and economic returns of super fine rice varieties. Two main plot treatments, with and without plant protection, and four sub plot treatments viz., Control; 100% inorganics; 100% organics; and 50% inorganics+50% organics (integrated nutrient management, INM) were imposed. During wet season, grain yields under 100% inorganics and INM were near stable (4.7-5.5 t/ha) and superior to organics by 15-20% during the first two years, which improved with organics (4.8-5.2 t/ha) in the later years to comparable levels with inorganics, while it had taken five years during dry season. Moderate improvement in nutritional quality was recorded with organics, especially in brown rice. There was a significant improvement in soil physical, fertility and biological properties with organics, which resulted in further improvement in soil quality indices. The sustainability index of the soil was maximum with organics (1.63) compared to inorganics (1.33), after five years of study. The soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were higher with organics by 44 and 35%, compared to conventional system during wet and dry seasons, respectively, after five years of study. The carbon sequestration rate was also positive with organics (0.97 and 0.57 t/ha/yr during wet and dry seasons, respectively), compared to conventional system that recorded negative SOC sequestration rate (-0.21 and -0.33 t/ha/yr during wet and dry seasons, respectively). Benefit cost ratio was less with organics in the initial years and improved later over inorganics by fifth year.