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Brown rice
About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.
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TL;DR: Evaluated yield potential and the constraints of the recently developed HYVs in Japan indicate that the improvement of grain-filling by the stimulation of source activity and translocation of NSC is important for japonica-dominant varieties, and the improved sink production efficiency would result in the increase of the yield potential in the indica-Dominant varieties.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of parboiling of brown rice using superheated steam fluidization technique was conducted, where the influence of soaking temperature and time, steaming temperature, and bed depth on qualities of product: head rice yield, white belly, whiteness, and viscosity of rice flour were focused.
93 citations
TL;DR: The concentration of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), a key compound of the aroma of aromatic rice, was determined in 62 samples of rice grains from ‘Hieri’ produced by 17˜24 farmers in 3 years in the Kubokawa area of Kochi Prefecture, Japan.
Abstract: Aroma strength of aromatic rice varies with the genetic and environmental conditions. We determined the concentration of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), a key compound of the aroma of aromatic rice, in 62 samples of rice grains (brown rice) from‘Hieri’ produced by 17˜24 farmers in 3 years in the Kubokawa area of Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Many ofthem showed similar values and the standard deviations were 27˜31%. However, a few samples showed extremely high (200%) or low (60%) 2AP concentrations compared to the individual year averages (100%). The influence of harvest time and temperature during ripening on the 2AP concentration in the brown rice was also examined using two cultivars. During grain development in an early-heading cultivar ‘Miyakaori’ , the 2AP concentration in the brown rice reached a peakat 4 or 5 weeks after heading (WAH) and then decreased rapidly to 20% of the maximum at 7 or 8 WAH. In a late-heading cultivar ‘Hieri’, the 2AP concentration peaked at 4 WAH then gradually decreased to 4...
92 citations
TL;DR: The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in pigmented and non-pigmented rice (brown rice) samples and was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and sensitivity.
Abstract: An analytical method based on an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation with diode array detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, 4-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and cinnamic acids), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, and rutin), flavones (luteolin and apigenin) and flavanones (naringenin and hesperidin) in rice flour (Oryza sativa L.). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a PerfectSil Target ODS-3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column at temperature 25°C using a mobile phase, consisting of 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid in water, methanol, and acetonitrile at a flow rate 1 mL min−1, under gradient elution conditions. Application of optimum extraction conditions, elaborated on both Lichrolut C18 and Oasis HLB cartridges, have led to extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids from rice flour with mean recoveries 84.3–113.0%. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and sensitivity. Repeatability (n = 5) and inter-day precision (n = 4) revealed relative standard deviation (RSD) <13%. The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in pigmented (red and black rice) and non-pigmented rice (brown rice) samples.
92 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that Cd translocation mediated by the gene on qCdT7 plays an important role in Cd accumulation on contaminated soil.
Abstract: The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to humans and can enter food chains from contaminated crop fields. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in crop species will aid production of safe Cd-free food. Here, we identified a single recessive gene that allowed higher Cd translocation in rice, and also determined the chromosomal location of the gene. The Cd hyperaccumulator rice variety Cho-Ko-Koku showed 3.5-fold greater Cd translocation than the no-accumulating variety Akita 63 under hydroponics. Analysis of an F2 population derived from these cultivars gave a 1:3 segregation ratio for high:low Cd translocation. This indicates that a single recessive gene controls the high Cd translocation phenotype. A QTL analysis identified a single QTL, qCdT7, located on chromosome 7. On a Cd-contaminated field, Cd accumulation in the F2 population showed continuous variation with considerable transgression. Three QTLs for Cd accumulation were identified and the peak of the most effective QTL mapped to the same region as qCdT7. Our data indicate that Cd translocation mediated by the gene on qCdT7 plays an important role in Cd accumulation on contaminated soil.
92 citations