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Brown rice
About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.
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TL;DR: Investigating Cd uptake, accumulation, and remobilization in iron plaque and rice tissues at different growth stages found that a large amount of Cd accumulated in brown rice during the maturing stage, and the transportation of remobilized Cd from leaves was also important for the accumulation of CD inbrown rice.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to determine whether brown rice belonging to indica and japonica subspecies were distinguishable from each other regarding the concentration of these compounds by analyzing 32 genotypes.
Abstract: Whole rice contains several fat-soluble phytochemicals such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol which have been reported to possess beneficial health properties. This study was conducted to determine whether brown rice belonging to indica and japonica subspecies were distinguishable from each other regarding the concentration of these compounds by analyzing 32 genotypes. The fat-soluble compounds were analyzed by normal-phase HPLC in a single run. The variability of the compounds analyzed was high, but the mean content of γ-oryzanol across all samples was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in japonica (246.3 mg/kg) than in indica rice (190.1 mg/kg). Similar differences were found for total vitamin E contents which were 24.2 mg/kg in japonica and 17.1 mg/kg in indica rice, respectively. In japonica rice, α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and γ-tocotrienol were the most abundant homologs, while in indica rice the most abundant were γ-tocotrienol, α-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol. A significant Pear...
78 citations
TL;DR: The effects of the degree of milling on amino acid composition, thiamine, riboflavin, phytic acid (PA), and mineral (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Se, and Pb) contents of japonica Xinfeng 2 and indica T-You 15 brown rice were investigated.
Abstract: The effects of the degree of milling (DOM) on amino acid composition, thiamine, riboflavin, phytic acid (PA), and mineral (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Se, and Pb) contents of japonica Xinfeng 2 and indica T-You 15 brown rice were investigated. Almost all amino acids slightly decreased as DOM increased. Quadratic and linear relationships were observed between DOM and milling time at 0–30 s and 30–100 s, respectively. Thiamine and riboflavin content decreased linearly as DOM increased. Approximately 57.6–65.4% of thiamine and 40.3–45.7% of riboflavin were removed after 30 s of milling (DOM = ca. 9%). Considerable losses were observed for PA, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Pb during milling (DOM = ca. 9%), whereas the losses of Ca, Cu, Zn, and Se were relatively lower. In addition, the linear correlations of Mg, Mn, Pb, and Fe levels with PA concentration were revealed. These results indicate that DOM should be supervised to improve nutrient utilization and appropriately control toxic metal contamination.
78 citations
TL;DR: The selection of possible remediation methods to obtain rapid risk reduction is permissible and of increasing interest and the differences of risk assessment before and after soil remediation obtained by applying different risk assessment models are clarified.
Abstract: Risk-based assessment is a way to evaluate the potential hazards of contaminated sites and is based on considering linkages between pollution sources, pathways, and receptors. These linkages can be broken by source reduction, pathway management, and modifying exposure of the receptors. In Taiwan, the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act (SGWPR Act) uses one target regulation to evaluate the contamination status of soil and groundwater pollution. More than 600 sites contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) have been remediated and the costs of this process are always high. Besides using soil remediation techniques to remove contaminants from these sites, the selection of possible remediation methods to obtain rapid risk reduction is permissible and of increasing interest. This paper discusses previous soil remediation techniques applied to different sites in Taiwan and also clarified the differences of risk assessment before and after soil remediation obtained by applying different risk assessment models. This paper also includes many case studies on: (1) food safety risk assessment for brown rice growing in a HMs-contaminated site; (2) a tiered approach to health risk assessment for a contaminated site; (3) risk assessment for phytoremediation techniques applied in HMs-contaminated sites; and (4) soil remediation cost analysis for contaminated sites in Taiwan.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two rice cultivars, Xiushui 48 and S. Andrea, with significant difference in selenium (Se) concentrations in brown rice grains, were chosen to study the Se absorption and its mechanism in excised roots.
Abstract: Two rice cultivars, Xiushui 48 and S. Andrea, with significant difference in selenium (Se) concentrations in brown rice grains, were chosen to study the Se absorption and its mechanism in excised roots. The results showed that the high-selenium cultivar Xiushui 48 absorbed higher amounts of Na2SeO3 than low-selenium S. Andrea at different Se levels and treatment periods. It was found that Na2SO3 markedly inhibited Na2SeO3 absorption by the excised roots of both cultivars. This inhibition might be due to the competition for uptake on the fact that Na2SO3 might share a common uptake pathway with Na2SeO3. Treatment with ZnCl2 significantly decreased Na2SeO3 absorption of both cultivars possibly by inhibiting the activity of cysteine synthase. It was therefore postulated that the difference in cysteine synthase activity might be one of the reasons which resulted in difference in selenite absorption possibly between the two cultivars. Both HgCl2 and AgNO3 treatments can inhibit selenite absorption by rice roots greatly. We propose that selenite enters rice roots through aquaporins as the form of H2SeO3.
77 citations