Topic
Brown rice
About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.
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TL;DR: This approach rapidly and efficiently identified candidate genes for mapped QTLs controlling fatty acid composition and oil concentration, providing information for improving rice grain quality by marker assisted selection.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this study, the TID values of the nine cooked cereal grains commonly consumed in China were used for the creation of a DIAAS database and thus gained public health outcomes.
Abstract: True ileal digestibility (TID) values of amino acid (AA) obtained using growing rats are often used for the characterisation of protein quality in different foods and acquisition of digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) in adult humans. Here, we conducted an experiment to determine the TID values of AA obtained from nine cooked cereal grains (brown rice, polished rice, buckwheat, oats, proso millet, foxtail millet, tartary buckwheat, adlay and whole wheat) fed to growing Sprague-Dawley male rats. All rats were fed a standard basal diet for 7 d and then received each diet for 7 d. Ileal contents were collected from the terminal 20 cm of ileum. Among the TID values obtained, whole wheat had the highest values (P<0·05), and polished rice, proso millet and tartary buckwheat had relatively low values. The TID indispensable AA concentrations in whole wheat were greater than those of brown rice or polished rice (P<0·05), and polished rice was the lowest total TID concentrations among the other cereal grains. The DIAAS was 68 for buckwheat, 47 for tartary buckwheat, 43 for oats, 42 for brown rice, 37 for polished rice, 20 for whole wheat, 13 for adlay, 10 for foxtail millet and 7 for proso millet. In this study, the TID values of the nine cooked cereal grains commonly consumed in China were used for the creation of a DIAAS database and thus gained public health outcomes.
49 citations
TL;DR: Intervention with a fiber-rich diet with brown rice effectively improved endothelial function, without changes in HbA1c levels, possibly through reducing glucose excursions.
Abstract: Background & Aims
A fiber-rich diet has a cardioprotective effect, but the mechanism for this remains unclear. We hypothesized that a fiber-rich diet with brown rice improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
Twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a single general hospital in Japan were randomly assigned to a brown rice (n = 14) or white rice (n = 14) diet and were followed for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in endothelial function determined from flow debt repayment by reactive hyperemia using strain-gauge plethysmography in the fasting state. Secondary outcomes were changes in HbA1c, postprandial glucose excursions, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The area under the curve for glucose after ingesting 250 kcal of assigned rice was compared between baseline (T0) and at the end of the intervention (T1) to estimate glucose excursions in each group.
Results
Improvement in endothelial function, assessed by fasting flow debt repayment (20.4% vs. −5.8%, p = 0.004), was significantly greater in the brown rice diet group than the white rice diet group, although the between-group difference in change of fiber intake was small (5.6 g/day vs. −1.2 g/day, p<0.0001). Changes in total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol, and urine 8-isoprostane levels did not differ between the two groups. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level tended to improve in the brown rice diet group compared with the white rice diet group (0.01 μg/L vs. −0.04 μg/L, p = 0.063). The area under the curve for glucose was subtly but consistently lower in the brown rice diet group (T0: 21.4 mmol/L*h vs. 24.0 mmol/L*h, p = 0.043, T1: 20.4 mmol/L*h vs. 23.3 mmol/L*h, p = 0.046) without changes in HbA1c.
Conclusions
Intervention with a fiber-rich diet with brown rice effectively improved endothelial function, without changes in HbA1c levels, possibly through reducing glucose excursions.
49 citations
TL;DR: In order to compare the soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of fallout 137Cs and those of native stable 133Cs, concentrations of these isotopes were determined in various crops and the associated soils collected throughout Japan.
Abstract: In order to compare the soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of fallout 137Cs and those of native stable 133Cs, concentrations of these isotopes were determined in various crops and the associated soils collected throughout Japan The results showed that TF-137Cs was 11 times higher than TF-native 133Cs for brown rice, while those values were almost the same for leafy vegetables Possibly, fallout 137Cs would be more mobile and more easily adsorbed by plants than native 133Cs in the soil because a part of the 133Cs is in a soil structure where it is hard to replace with 137Cs However, 137Cs and native 133Cs have reached an approximately isotopic equilibrium in the bioavailable fraction in the soils, therefore, the TF-native 133Cs can be used for long-term transfer of 137Cs in the environment
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a diffusion equation to describe the isothermal absorption of liquid water in a spherical solid that undergoes uniform swelling was derived, and the resulting partial differential equation was solved using a finite difference method, taking into consideration water content dependence of the diffusion coefficient.
48 citations