Brown rice

About: Brown rice is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81079 citations.

Tracer experiments on transfer of radio-iodine in the soil — rice plant system

Abstract: In order to study the transfer of 129I from soil into rice, tracer experiments have been carried out in the soil-rice plant system. The soil-plant transfer factors, which are defined as ‘concentrations of the nuclide in a plant organ’ divided by ‘concentrations of the nuclide in dry soil’, were 6.0 × 10−3 for brown rice, 3.2 for the first leaf blade (flag leaf), 5.1 for the second leaf blade, 2.6 for stem, 1.4 for rachis and 9.0 for root on a dry weight basis at the time of harvest. The ratio of radio-iodine in brown rice to polished rice was about 1:0.3. The transfer factor of radio-iodine from soil to polished rice was estimated to be about 2 × 10−3. It was observed that the concentration of radio-iodine in the soil solution increased with the plant growth. This was attributed to the reduced condition in the soil caused by the effects of root and/or micro-organisms. Release of I from rice plants into the air in an organic form was found. The chemical form of radio-iodine in the soil solution appeared to be iodide, and the radio-iodine in the plant tissue was found in a low molecular weight fraction by gel-filtration. The vertical distribution of radioiodine in the soil was also studied.

Inhibitory effects of fermented brown rice on induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium in rats.

Abstract: Although the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases are not fully understood, colonic microbiota may affect the induction of colonic inflammation, and some probiotics and prebiotics have been reported to suppress colitis. The inhibitory effects of brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA), a fiber-rich food, on the induction of acute colitis by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were examined. Feeding a 5% and 10% FBRA-containing diet significantly decreased the ulcer and erosion area in the rat colon stained with Alcian blue. In another experiment, 10% FBRA feeding decreased the ulcer index (percentage of the total length of ulcers in the full length of the colon) and colitis score, which were determined by macroscopic observation. It also decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic mucosa. Viable cell numbers of Lactobacillus in the feces decreased after DSS administration and was reversely correlated with severity of colitis, while the cell number of Enterobacteriaceae increased after DSS treatment and was positively correlated with colitis severity. These results indicate that FBRA has a suppressive effect on the induction of colitis by DSS and suggest FBRA-mediated modification of colonic microbiota.