Showing papers on "Buffer gas published in 1976"

Hydrogen-fueled engine

Abstract: A hydrogen-oxygen fueled internal combustion engine is described herein, which utilizes an inert gas, such as argon, as a working fluid to increase the efficiency of the engine, eliminate pollution, and facilitate operation of a closed cycle energy system. In a system where sunlight or other intermittent energy source is available to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water, the oxygen and inert gas are taken into a diesel engine into which hydrogen is injected and ignited. The exhaust is cooled so that it contains only water and the inert gas. The inert gas in the exhaust is returned to the engine for use with fresh oxygen, while the water in the exhaust is returned to the intermittent energy source for reconversion to hydrogen and oxygen.

Spectra and kinetics of the Rb2 molecule

Abstract: In an effort to evaluate the potential of the Rb2 molecule as a high power laser system, spectra of the A 1Σu to X 1Σg band have been taken in absorption and fluorescence, using 1020 atom/cm3 of noble gas as a buffer. The potential curves for both molecular states were estimated from the temperature dependence of the normalized absorption, using the classical Franck–Condon principle. The rate constant for molecular formation of the A 1Σu state is estimated to be 9×10−32 cm6/sec using xenon as a buffer gas. However, this estimate was made on the basis of the normalized fluorescence which was emitted in that band. There appears to be a significant amount of nonradiative loss from that state, as evidenced by its low fluorescence efficiency compared to the RbXe molecule. Therefore, our estimate of the molecular formation rate could be low by as much as a factor of three. These nonradiative losses might be due to predissociation from the a 3π to the repulsive χ 3Σ state. This question must be more thoroughly i...

Fluorescence studies of electron-beam pumped POPOP dye vapor

Abstract: Fluorescence studies on electron-beam excited mixtures of POPOP dye vapor and various buffer gases are reported. Xenon has been found to be a promising candidate as a buffer gas for efficient energy deposition of the electron-beam and energy transfer to the POPOP dye vapor. These experiments may be an important step towards realization of an electrically excited dye vapor laser.

Discharge pumping of dye vapors

Abstract: We report the results of a study of discharge-excited dye vapors. For 20 dyes, fluorescence output was measured as a function of buffer gas, temperature, and discharge parameters. Although fluorescence efficiencies as high as 6 percent were obtained at low power levels, saturation effects limited the output fluorescence to values corresponding to gains of less than 0.2 cm-1.

Method of manufacturing a chromium oxide film

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a chromium oxide film which comprises the steps of scattering particles of chromium metal by means of, for example, sputtering in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of CO2 gas, CO gas, a mixture of CO2 gas and CO gas, a mixture of CO2 gas and inert gas, a mixture of CO gas and inert gas and a mixture of CO2 gas, CO gas and inert gas; oxidizing the scattered particles of chromium metal with the atmosphere; and depositing the resultant chromium oxide film on a substrate.

Electro-optic mode-locking of the iodine photodissociation laser

Abstract: Active mode-locking of the 1.315 mu m iodine photodissociation laser oscillator has been carried out using a KD*P crystal electro-optic modulator. This modulator provides a 100% depth of modulation of cavity losses which enables bandwidth limited mode-locked pulses to be obtained. Several laser gases have been investigated and pulsewidths down to 300 ps obtained without added buffer gas. The mode-locked pulsewidths have been used to obtain values of the relative pressure broadening parameters, which for CF3I, C2F5I and C3F7I are in the ratio of 1:1.13:1.34. The performance of the system suggests that mode-locked pulsewidths down to 50 ps should be obtainable with additional broadening by buffer gases.

Degassing treatment of liquid

Abstract: 1531537 Degassing liquid BRITISH PETROLEUM CO Ltd 2 March 1977 [26 March 1976] 12227/76 Heading B1M A method for removing undesirable gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved comprises contacting the liquid co-currently with an inert gas in a static mixer to displace the undesirable gas by the inert gas, passing the resulting mixture of liquid containing dissolved inert gas, free inert gas and undesirable gas to a cyclone separator, and recovering liquid of higher quality. Thus oxygen can be removed from sea water using nitrogen, the sea water then being injected into oil reservoirs.

Apparatus for inhibiting explosive mixing of liquid natural gas and water

Abstract: Fluid-fluid explosive self-mixing of water and liquid natural gas contained in a cryogenic tank located in a hold of a ship is inhibited, in the event that the hold of the ship and the cryogenic tank are ruptured, by confining an inert gas under pressure in a multiplicity of tubes surrounding the cryogenic tank, the pressure of the inert gas in the tubes being such that the inert gas flows from the tubes to form a blanket of inert gas between liquid natural gas and water upon rupture of any tube or tubes.

Ionography imaging chamber

Abstract: An ionography imaging chamber for use in X-ray systems wherein dielectric receptor sheets are introduced into an inter-electrode gap of the imaging chamber and the gap is filled with compressed high Z gas during imaging of an object onto a sheet in the chamber so that the sheet is provided with a latent image of the object. The chamber has a gate defining an arcuate channel for introduction of receptor sheets into and evacuation of sheets from the interelectrode gap. In order to prevent escape of high Z gas into the atmosphere and/or penetration of air into the gap, the gate has one or more orifices for admission of a compressed buffer gas (for example, CO2 gas) which is readily separable from the high Z gas whereby the buffer gas flows toward and away from the gap and mixes with high Z gas which tends to escape from the gap by way of the channel. The gate is further formed with one or more second orifices which evacuate the mixture of buffer gas and high Z gas from the channel between the first orifice or orifices and the gap. The gap is sealed from the inlet of the channel by one or more inflatable seals before the pressure of high Z gas in the gap is raised preparatory to exposure of a receptor sheet to X-rays.

The optically pumped passive cesium frequency standard: Basic theory and experimental results on buffer gas frequency shifts

Abstract: The theory of the optically pumped passive Cs frequency standard is given. Experimental results confirming qualitatively this theory are presented. The results are also compared to those obtained in the case of Rb. Experimental results on the pressure shift and temperature coefficients of the hyperfine frequency of cesium atoms in four buffer gases, CH4, N2, Ar and Kr are presented. Finally graphs for evaluating a given pressure coefficient and the residual temperature coefficient for mixtures of buffer gases are given.

Apparatus for producing an inert gas

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of an inert gas wherein liquid of gaseous hydrocarbons are burnt within a combustion chamber with air, possibly with the admixture of a gaseous atomizing agent, especially steam, inert gas or air, whereby a first shock-like cooling is performed, which is followed by a second cooling step and a scrubbing with water or an aqueous solution of a temperature in the vicinity of the freezing point, and the gas treatment is finished with an adsorption drying.

Isotope enrichment by resonance trapping

Abstract: A photochemical method for changing the isotopic composition of an element is disclosed. The method involves passing an electron discharge through a mixture of a buffer gas, which controls the uniformity and electron temperature of the discharge, and a vapor of the element. By means of the phenomenon of resonance radiation trapping, the electron discharge preferentially excites and ionizes one isotope. Removal of the ions by cataphoresis separates the element into two amounts with different isotopic ratios.

Collisional laser‐induced vibrational excitation of CO2

Abstract: A mixture of low pressure CO2 and a buffer gas is subjected to P (18) 106 μ CO2 laser pulses The transient behavior of the laser‐induced 43 μ fluorescence is observed The peak of the fluorescence signal is used as a monitor for the excitation density of the (001) excited vibrational level The excitation density is measured for various pressures of the buffer gas and the effect is considered theoretically At low pressures only two vibrational–rotational levels are coupled to the radiation field The amount of excitation is determined by the power broadening of the inhomogeneous Doppler transition When the pressure of the buffer gas is increased, the noninteracting rotational levels are coupled to the excitation process through collisions T2 collisional processes interfering with the coherent excitation are also considered The molecules are specified according to their orientation with respect to the field polarization (M quantum number) and their velocity, v, along the direction of propagation of

An investigation of a pulse manganese vapor laser

Abstract: An investigation was made of a pulse manganese vapor laser operated under self-heating conditions at a high pulse repetition frequency. The output power was determined as a function of gas-discharge conditions. The best output parameters were obtained using helium as a buffer gas: the average output power was found to be 2.1 W, the peak power was 24 kW, and the efficiency was 0.2%.

Purifying an air or gas stream containing combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities

Abstract: Method and apparatus for purifying an air or gas flow of combustible vaporous or gaseous impurities by passing air or gas through an adsorption filter, desorbing the filter by passing a heated inert gas, and prior to passing the hot inert gas through the adsorption filter, passing a cold protective gas through the adsorption zone thereby preventing undesired ignition of the desorbate and the burning of carbon. Provision is made for spaced closing elements at the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the adsorption chamber with introduction of protective gas in the interspace between the closing elements.

Nuclear resonance fluorescence in124Te and126Te: Vacancy cascades in molecules

Abstract: Using gaseous sources of I2 and HI containing the radioactive isotopes124I and126I effective cross sections for nuclear resonance scattering from the first 2+ states of124Te and126Te were measured. Information is obtained about the charging of the nonradioactive molecular partner afterEC decay, the interaction of highly charged ions with neutral molecules, and the slowing down of atoms in a Xe buffer gas. Indications of an iodine complex being stable in the gaseous phase are found.

Investigation of the transverse separation of metal vapors in cataphoretic lasers

Abstract: A calculation is reported of the transverse distributions of atoms and ions in an active substance in a discharge. Allowance is made for the ionization of the buffer gas. Measurements are reported of the radial profile of the spontaneous 441.6 nm line of Cd II emitted from an He-Cd laser. A dip of the intensity is found on the axis and it is attributed to a transverse separation of the vapors in the discharge.

Parametric analyses of planned flowing uranium hexafluoride critical experiments

Abstract: Analytical investigations were conducted to determine preliminary design and operating characteristics of flowing uranium hexafluoride (UF6) gaseous nuclear reactor experiments in which a hybrid core configuration comprised of UF6 gas and a region of solid fuel will be employed. The investigations are part of a planned program to perform a series of experiments of increasing performance, culminating in an approximately 5 MW fissioning uranium plasma experiment. A preliminary design is described for an argon buffer gas confined, UF6 flow loop system for future use in flowing critical experiments. Initial calculations to estimate the operating characteristics of the gaseous fissioning UF6 in a confined flow test at a pressure of 4 atm, indicate temperature increases of approximately 100 and 1000 K in the UF6 may be obtained for total test power levels of 100 kW and 1 MW for test times of 320 and 32 sec, respectively.

Stability of nitric oxide calibration gas mixtures in compressed gas cylinders

Abstract: A preliminary experimental study has been made to determine the factor affecting the stability of reactive calibrations gas mixtures. The model system selected for study was nitric oxide (NO), at various concentrations innitrogen, argon, and helium as the inert diluting gas. Quantitative data have been obtained which indicate that cylinder conditioning and concentration of the mixture are major factors affecting shelf life. Total mixture pressure and temperature cycling appear to play a minor role in stability, except at low parts-per-million concentrations. No major differences were found in comparing mixture stability in stainless versus chrome-molybdenum steel. It was observed that the chemiluminescence detecting principle for determining NO appears sensitive to the inert matrix gas used in mixtures. The measured concentration of NO in the mixture varies with the molecular weight of the inert gas.