Buffer solution

About: Buffer solution is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6948 publications have been published within this topic receiving 112440 citations. The topic is also known as: pH buffer & buffer.

Application of Molecular Imprinting to the Development of Aqueous Buffer and Organic Solvent Based Radioligand Binding Assays for (S)-Propranolol

Abstract: Antibody mimics have been prepared by molecular imprinting of (S)-propranolol and applied in the development of radioligand binding assays for the imprint species. In the assays, polymer particles, radioligand, and analyte were incubated either in an organic solvent or an aqueous buffer, with similarly high sensitivity under both set of conditions. Optimization of the assay conditions led to 100-1000-fold improvements in the limit of determination and 100-1000-fold reductions of the amount of imprinted polymer used, compared with previous studies of this novel type of assay. The present assay uses only 10-50 μg of polymer, and the limit of determination is about 6 nM. The toluene-based assay showed excellent enantioselectivity, the cross-reactivity of the R enantiomer being only 1%, which is better than that demonstrated by biological antibodies. The aqueous buffer based assay showed high substrate selectivity for propranolol in the presence of structurally similar β-blockers. The different selectivity profiles obtained are due to a different balance between hydrophobic and polar interactions in toluene and water, since polar interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, are strong in apolar solvents and hydrophobic interactions are strong in water.

Sustainable Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Bicarbonate Buffer and Proton Transfer Mechanisms

Abstract: Phosphate buffer solution has been commonly used in MFC studies to maintain a suitable pH for electricity-generating bacteria and/or to increase the solution conductivity. However, addition of a high concentration of phosphate buffer in MFCs could be expensive, especially for wastewater treatment. In this study, the performances of MFCs with cloth electrode assemblies (CEA) were evaluated using bicarbonate buffer solutions. A maximum power density of 1550 W/m3 (2770 mW/m2) was obtained at a current density of 0.99 mA/cm2 using a pH 9 bicarbonate buffer solution. Such a power density was 38.6% higher than that using a pH 7 phosphate buffer at the same concentration of 0.2 M. Based on the quantitative comparison of free proton transfer rates, diffusion rates of pH buffer species, and the current generated, a facilitated proton transfer mechanism was proposed for MFCs in the presence of the pH buffers. The excellent performance of MFCs using bicarbonate as pH buffer and proton carrier indicates that bicarbon...