Topic
Bufo melanostictus
About: Bufo melanostictus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 196 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1168 citations.
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TL;DR: The objective of the work reported in this paper was to determine the acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc to the tadpoles of toad Bufo melanostictus (Schneider), which is commonly available and breed in aquatic habitats exhibiting a wide range of temperature and varying water quality.
Abstract: Amphibian larval stages have several qualities which make them as a useful indicator of harmful levels of pollutants in bioassay tests. Amphibian tadpoles show a variety of sublethal responses such as changes in growth, development rates, pigmentation and expression of morphological deformities in a lesser time of exposure to the environmental pollutants. The objective of the work reported in this paper was to determine the acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc to the tadpoles of toad Bufo melanostictus (Schneider), which is commonly available and breed in aquatic habitats exhibiting a wide range of temperature and varying water quality.
53 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of atresia, as observed in the ovaries sampled throughout the year, suggests that about two thirds of the toads preparing for spawning are primiparous, leaving only one third to represent iteroparity within the population.
Abstract: In the Bangalore population of Bufo melanostictus the ovarian cycles in individual toads are characterized by synchronous growth of the vittellogenic oocytes and by asynchrony with respect to stage in the ovarian cycle among the toads. However, late ovarian cycles predominated during the period of August-October. The incidence of atresia, as observed in the ovaries sampled throughout the year, suggests that about two thirds of the toads preparing for spawning are primiparous, leaving only one third to represent iteroparity within the population. Body size varied greatly at first maturation, when somatic growth declined or stopped. The greatly varying body size is consistent with a seasonal timing of sexual maturation preparing for the main breeding season, which coincides with the height of the monsoon rains during August-October.
50 citations
TL;DR: A simple and efficient HPLC method has been developed to evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine toad venoms, and Toad venom samples from B. bufo gargarizans from median China were considered to be of the highest quality.
Abstract: A simple and efficient HPLC method has been developed to evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine toad venoms. The major bioactive ingredients, including 10 bufogenins and 4 indole alkaloids in the drug, were separated and quantified on a phenyl-hexyl column with a UV detector. A total of 27 toad venom samples from two species, Bufo bufo gargarizans CANTOR and Bufo melanostictus SCHNEIDER, from the different drug production regions of China, were analyzed. The chromatograms showed significant differences with respect to the samples from different origins. These toad venom samples can be distinctly classified into 4 groups by cluster analysis using the contents of the 14 main constituents, including toad venom samples from B. bufo gargarizans from north China, median China and south China, and samples from B. melanostictus from south China. Toad venom samples from B. bufo gargarizans from median China were considered to be of the highest quality.
49 citations
TL;DR: It is described quantitatively the advertisement calls of six species of anurans from Bali and the release call of three of these and the three release calls have not been described previously to the best of the authors' knowledge.
Abstract: We describe quantitatively the advertisement calls of six species of anurans from Bali and the release call of three of these. The advertisement calls of three of the species and the three release calls have not been described previously to the best of our knowledge. This is the first study that describes calls from anurans of the island of Bali. Advertisement call characteristics are discussed in light of within‐individual and between‐individual variation. For the three species with previously published accounts of their advertisement calls we compare the data obtained in Bali with other accounts. While Bufo melanostictus did not show a substantial difference in advertisement calls from Coorg (India), the calls of Balinese Fejervarya (Limnonectes) limnocharis show substantial differences with those recorded in Coorg (India). Furthermore, the Balinese recordings of Polypedates leucomystax are similar to recordings obtained by other authors in Negros (Philippines), the Malaysian part of Borneo, and from on...
39 citations
TL;DR: Combined data from spermatogenic activity, plasma androgen levels, and changes in the weights of testes, fat bodies, and livers revealed that B. melanostictus is a continuous breeder.
Abstract: The male reproductive cycle of the toad, Bufo melanostictus, was studied with emphasis on spermatogenic activity, plasma androgen, and changes in the weights of testes, liver, and fat bodies. A total of 98 toads were collected between March 1990 and March 1991 in central Taiwan. Histological evidence indicated that the spermatogenic cycle of this toad is of a fluctuating continuous type. Although cell nests of all spermatogenic types were present every month of the year, the greatest intensity of spermatogenic activity, as expressed by the presence of sperm bundles, occurred in March. Both testicular weight and plasma androgen levels peaked in March. The weights of fat bodies peaked in July, which was not coincident with the beginning of breeding. Combined data from spermatogenic activity, plasma androgen levels, and changes in the weights of testes, fat bodies, and livers revealed that B. melanostictus is a continuous breeder. However, its annual reproductive cycle could be divided into 4 period...
38 citations