Showing papers on "Bufo melanostictus published in 2018"

Comparative Analysis of Hydrophilic Ingredients in Toad Skin and Toad Venom Using the UHPLC-HR-MS/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS Methods Together with the Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Indolealkylamines

Abstract: Toad skin and toad venom, as two kinds of Chinese medicine, are prepared from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor and Bufo melanostictus Schneider. However, they display distinct properties in traditional application, and the hydrophilic ingredients are the possible distinguishing chemicals between them. In this work, 36 and 22 hydrophilic components were characterized from toad skin and venom, respectively, by UHPLC-HR-MS/MS, including amino acids, nucleosides, polypeptides, and indolealkylamines (IAAs). Among them, 15 compounds were unambiguously confirmed by comparison with standards. The CID-MS/MS fragmentation behaviors of seven indolealkylamine references were investigated to ascertain three types of structures. Subsequently, 11 high abundance contents of hydrophilic ingredients were determined from 11 batches of toad skin and 4 batches of toad venom by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The quantitative results showed that the content of main IAAs in toad venom was much higher than in skin. In addition, the N-methyl serotonin (free IAA), bufothionine (combined IAA), and total IAAs sample were selected for anti-inflammatory evaluation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated zebrafish embryo models. The obvious anti-inflammatory activities of IAAs were observed, especially for the free IAAs. This study illustrated IAAs were the main distinct hydrophilic components that probably lead to the difference between toad skin and toad venom in traditional applications.

Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus, Schneider) skin extract induces apoptosis and shows cytotoxic effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells

Abstract: Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus) skin extract (TSE) was evaluated for cytotoxic and apoptogenic activities on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells of EAC bearing Swiss albino male mice. LD50 of TSE was found to be 400 mg kg-1, (i.v.) and 750 mg kg-1, (i.p.) in mice. EAC cells (1-2 ´ 105 / mouse) were inoculated (i.p.) into mice (20.6 ± 0.14 gm) and the status of EAC cell proliferation and viability were studied in control and TSE treated groups. TSE (10, 20, 30 mg kg-1 d-1, i.p. for 10 d) significantly inhibit EAC cell growth in dose dependent manner. TSE (50, 100 mg kg-1 d-1, i.p. for 1 d) significantly reduced the viability of EAC cells and decreased the MTT values compared to control cells. TSE induced DNA breakage was reflected in DNA ladder and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). TSE significantly (P<0.001) increased the number tailed cells and length-width ratio of DNA mass in EAC cells as compared to control. Fluorescent microscopy of TSE treated cells showed significant increase in number of early and late apoptotic cells compared to the control EAC cells. Apoptotic index of TSE treated cells was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that of the control cells. Changes in serum LDH, β2-microglobulin in TSE treated EAC mice and our earlier studies indicated the involvement of immunomodulation which may indirectly be associated with the anticancer activity of TSE. Keywords: Toad skin extract; Bufo melanostictus; Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; Cytotoxic agent;