Topic
Bufo melanostictus
About: Bufo melanostictus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 196 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1168 citations.
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TL;DR: The study shows that Abate is lethal to the early stages of the Asian common toad but the toxicity decreased as the tadpoles grow older.
Abstract: Exposure to chemical contaminants has been identified as a key factor causing widespread mortalities and malformations in amphibians world over. We examined the effect of exposure to commonly used mosquito larvicide, Abate ® which has temephos as the active ingredient, on the Asian common toad, Bufo melanostictus, under laboratory conditions . The LC 50 values of 16.56 ppm and 17.03 ppm were obtained when one-day old tadpoles (Gosner stage 21-24) and one-week old tadpoles (Gosner stage 25) were exposed to Abate for two weeks, respectively. Chronic exposure to Abate at effective field concentrations used in mosquito control programmes (WHO recommended doses) had a significant effect on the survival of egg stage (Gosner stages 12-14), and one day old tadpoles but not on one week old tadpoles. Tadpoles exposed to Abate grew larger and had a longer larval period and the difference in the duration of larval period was statistically significant. Exposed tadpoles also developed malformations such as rotation of bones, micromelia of the limb bones, hemimelia of femur, skin webbing in the hind limbs and ectrodactyly. Edemas were also observed in the exposed tadpoles. Exposure to all concentrations of Abate had a significant effect on the survival, growth and development of malformations in the early tadpole stages compared to the control group. The reduction in survival was not significant when older tadpoles of one week post-hatch were exposed, although they developed malformations and their larval period was prolonged significantly compared to the control group. Thus, the study shows that Abate is lethal to the early stages of the Asian common toad but the toxicity decreased as the tadpoles grow older. Key words : temephos; amphibians; survival; growth; malformations DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i2.3929 CJSBS 2011; 40(2): 133-140
3 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the stimulated activity of the testes is mediated through the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.
Abstract: Anemia induced experimentally either by administration of phenylhydrazine or by splenectomy stimulated spermatogenic and steroidogenic activities in the testes of the toad (Bufo melanostictus). It is concluded that the stimulated activity of the testes is mediated through the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.
3 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The electrophoretogram revealed that both the patterns of parotoid gland extract and its secretion showed homology in protein bands with minor variations.
Abstract: Manuscript History: The present study was carried out to analyze qualitatively the Electrophoretic patterns of proteins in Parotoid gland extract and its secretion in terrestrial toad Bufo melanostictus (Indian toad). The patterns indicated that the gland extraction has higher number of protein bands compared to the gland secretion. The patterns of protein bands observed in the parotoid gland extraction of B. melanostictus using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly Acryl amide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated a distinct pattern of four protein bands and some additional bands, with poor resolution, where as two protein bands in the parotoid gland secretion. The electrophoretogram revealed that both the patterns of parotoid gland extract and its secretion showed homology in protein bands with minor variations.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The content of bufothionine revealed no significant differences among the different parts in these two species of toad skin.
Abstract: Objective: To determine bufothionine in different parts of the dried toad skin from two species.Method: A quantification method was developed by HPLC with photodiode array(PDA) detection.Bufothionine was identified unambiguously by HPLC-DAD 3D and HPLC-MS-MS analysis in comparison with reference standard.The extraction method was optimized as 50 times 50% MeOH ultrasonic 60 min.The analysis was performed on WondsilTM C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) with ACN-H2O(6∶94) as mobile phase and detection wavelength was at 226 nm.Result: The samples were analyzed with good linear regression relationship(r=0.999 7),precisions(RSD,0.59%),repeatability(RSD,1.56%),stability(RSD,0.73%) and recovery(98.57%;RSD,2.03%).Bufothionine was detected in different parts of toad skin from Bufobufo gargarizans cantor and Bufo melanostictus Schneider.The contents were from 0.07% to 0.17%.Conclusion: The content of bufothionine revealed no significant differences among the different parts in these two species of toad skin.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Pineal and melatonin possess an inverse relationship with light and inhibit testis and possibly pineal andMelatonin possess a inverse relationshipWith light and inhibition of testis.
Abstract: Blinding decreases spermatogenesis along with Leydig cell degeneration in toad. Pinealectomy decreases spermatogenesis with an increase in Leydig cell activity. Melatonin decreases spermatogenesis as well the Leyding cells. Possibly pineal and melatonin possess an inverse relationship with light and inhibit testis.
2 citations