Bufo melanostictus

About: Bufo melanostictus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 196 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1168 citations.

Novel Indole derivative as first P-glycoprotein inhibitor from the skin of Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus)

Abstract: Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of Novel Indole Derivative (NID) from Indian toad skin (Bufo melanostictus) on P-glycoprotein. Materials and methods: Dried Indian Toad skin was used to isolate NID with column chromatography, and its structure was elucidated by IR Spectra, 13C NMR, 1H NMR Spectra, and LC-MS. Female Wistar rats were used to determine LD50, In vitro permeability studies were done with the intestinal sac method, and In vivo pharmacokinetic studies were carried out to prove P-gp inhibition using the rat model. Results: The NID has shown increased apparent permeability Papp(x10-6cm/sec) significantly (p<0.001) from 1.04±0.11 to 2.90±0.08 in ileum 1.44±0.14 to 3.92±0.13 in jejunum this in vitro results confirmed that P-gp inhibited, this was further confirmed by in vivo studies and found to observe the increased oral bioavailability of digoxin significantly in NID treated groups from 3.26±0.25 to 7.47±0.18 ng/mL, the volume of distribution decreased from 232.56±64.59 to 86.57±7.04 L/kg. AUC increased from 37.89±1.13 to 64.62±0.70 ng/mL/hr. This demonstrates NID increased the oral bioavailability of digoxin significantly. Conclusion: Many compounds were isolated from Indian toad skin. This NID was not reported earlier. Results demonstrate NID increased the oral bioavailability of digoxin significantly. The isolated NID from Indian toad skin proved as a potent P-gp inhibitor in both in vitro and in vivo studies, and further studies needed to develop as a possible new drug candidate.

Identification and Characterization of Lipids by TLC in Parotoid Gland Secretion and Its Extract of Bufo melanostictus (Schneider)

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to analyze the lipids qualitatively in the secretions of parotoid gland and its extracts of Bufo melanostictus (Common Indian toad) for the presence of various types of lipids by thin layer chromatography using chloroform, methanol and water (65:25:4) as solvent system. The chromatograms revealed many lipid spots with different Rf values indicating the presence of different types of lipids such as Glycolipids, Phospholipids, and sterols in parotoid gland secretion and its extract.