Building life cycle

TL;DR: In this paper, a review brings together research on life cycle assessment (LCA) applied within the building sector, focusing on the LCA methodology and tools employed in the built environment.

TL;DR: In this article, the concept of net energy is introduced and applied within the built environment, based on a methodology accounting for the embodied energy of building components together with energy use in operation, and a definition of life cycle zero energy buildings (LC-ZEB) is proposed, as well as the use of the net energy ratio as a factor to aid in building design with a life cycle perspective.

TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of three terraced houses built in Spain, comparing them with a building with similar characteristics but constructed in a conventional way and with no selection of materials, showed the possibility of reducing CO2 emissions up to 30% in the construction phase, through a careful selection of low environmental impact materials.

TL;DR: The use of simplified methods or tools to quantify the impacts of occupant behavior in building performance simulations significantly contributes to performance gaps between simulated models and actual building energy consumption as mentioned in this paper, and therefore, it is crucial to understand occupant behaviour in a comprehensive way, integrating qualitative approaches and data-and model-driven quantitative approaches.

TL;DR: The International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy in Buildings and Community (EBC) Programme Annex 66 has established a scientific methodological framework for occupant behavior research, including data collection, behavior model representation, modeling and evaluation approaches, and the integration of behavior modeling tools with building performance simulation programs as mentioned in this paper.