Showing papers on "Bulinus truncatus published in 1995"
TL;DR: Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium coexist in Egypt and in other areas in Africa, and people frequently are infected with parasites of both species as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium coexist in Egypt and in other areas in Africa, and people frequently are infected with parasites of both species. The effects of the interactions between worms of both sexes of the 2 species on development and egg laying were evaluated in vivo by infecting hamsters with cercariae from Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus snails infected with single miracidia. In hamsters with unisex infections, male worms of both species were small. Schistosoma mansoni females were stunted and partially mature but did not contain eggs. Schistosoma haematobium females, though stunted, sometimes contained and laid small eggs, which were deposited in the liver, but few of which contained motile embryos. This suggests that unisexual infection with S. haematobium female worms produces a risk for liver damage due to egg deposition in tissues. Both S. mansoni and S. haematobium females that mated with males of the heterologous species were significantly larger than females from unisexual infections; they were sexually mature and possessed eggs in the uterus. The eggs in the liver homogenates of cross-specific infected hamsters contained fully developed miracidia that hatched in filtered pond water.
23 citations
TL;DR: There is evidence that graft necrosis results primarily from immunological rejection, rather than from physiological incompatibility with recipient plasma, in the freshwater pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata.
Abstract: Hearts were implanted heterotopically into the hemocoel of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata from members of 7 pulmonate genera: Bulinus truncatus, Drepanotrema kermatoides, Helisoma trivolvis, Physa virgata, Planorbis atticus, Pseudosuccinea columella, and Segmentina hemisphaerula. Hearts from H. trivolvis withstood an initial host hemocytic response and continued to contract for 6 months. However, xenografts from the other 6 species were infiltrated and encapsulated by host hemocytes and underwent destruction between 1 and 15 days post-implantation. Graft destruction may have involved both immunological rejection and physiological incompatibility with recipient plasma, but the former was probably more important because (1) necrosis of heart myofibers occurred rapidly and only following hemocytic infiltration, and (2) some donor hearts possessed mostly euchromatic nuclei and continued to contract for up to 2 weeks when cultured in isotonic saline. Additional key words: organ transplantation, histocompatibility Recent studies have demonstrated long-term survival of both allografts and xenografts in the freshwater pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata (SAY). Specifically, when heart allografts or congeneric xenografts are implanted heterotopically into the hemocoel, they maintain histological integrity, high levels of intracellular glycogen, and myogenic contraction for 6 months, despite undergoing a recipient hemocytic response and some pathological alterations (Sullivan et al. 1992, 1993). As discussed previously, whether such long-term graft survival represents true acceptance or a form of chronic rejection is not known (Sullivan et al. 1993). Although xenografts from congeneric donors survived in Biomphalaria glabrata, we predicted that grafts from more distantly related donors eventually would undergo destruction, due to immunological rejection, physiological incompatibility, or both. To test this hypothesis, we implanted individuals of Biomphalaria glabrata with hearts of donors from 7 other freshwater pulmonate snail genera. We report (1) nearly uniformly rapid necrosis of grafts from all donors, with one interesting exception, and (2) evidence that graft necrosis results primarily from immunological rejection, rather than from physiological incompatibility with recipient plasma. a Author for correspondence and reprint requests. Methods Snails. As in previous investigations, recipients were laboratory-reared specimens of the NIH albino stock (Newton 1955) of Biomphalaria glabrata, 1215 mm in shell diameter. The following 7 donors were used: Bulinus truncatus (AUDOUIN), Drepanotrema kermatoides (D'ORBIGNY), Helisoma trivolvis (SAY), Physa virgata (GOULD), Planorbis atticus BOURGUIGNAT, Pseudosuccinea columella (SAY), and Segmentina hemisphaerula (BENSON). Source of the snails and their classification according to Vaught (1989) is shown in Table 1. (For alternative taxonomic schemes, see Malek & Cheng 1974; Hubendick 1978.) Donor species were selected on the basis of taxonomic differences from the recipient, and ease of procurement from local collection sites or generous colleagues (see Acknowledgments). Donors were reared in the laboratory from eggs in aerated aquariums or covered jars at 26-27? C and were fed either fresh or boiled leaves of Romaine lettuce. Donor shell diameters or shell heights were 5.0-5.2 mm for D. kermatoides, 6.0-6.3 mm for S. hemisphaerula, and 6.5-8.0 mm for the remaining species. Implantation technique. Previously described methods were used for dissecting hearts from donors and implanting them into a hemolymph sinus medial to the recipient's intestine and between the albumin and digestive glands on the left side (Sullivan et al. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.254 on Mon, 05 Sep 2016 04:56:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Sullivan, Brammer, Hargraves, & Owens Table 1. Abbreviated classification of donor and recipient snails.1,2 All are pulmonate gastropods in the order Basommatophora. Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Family Lymnaeidae Pseudosuccinea columella (Iowa City, Iowa) Superfamily Physoidea Family Physidae Physa virgata (Beaumont, Texas) Superfamily Planorboidea Family Planorbidae Subfamily Planorbinae
13 citations
TL;DR: A comparative study of the shedding of cercariae of Schistosoma haematobium and Bulinus truncatus andPlanorbarius metidjensis individually exposed to 5 miracidia in their first 72 h of life found the periodicity was identical in the two snail species.
Abstract: A comparative study of the shedding of cercariae ofSchistosoma haematobium was performed inBulinus truncatus andPlanorbarius metidjensis individually exposed to 5 miracidia in their first 72 h of life. No significant difference was noted between the mean values of the two snail groups concerning the prepatent period duration (53–57 days at 24°–26°C), the patent period duration (41 days forB. truncatus, 70 days forP. metidjensis), or the total number of cercariae (1, 499 perB. truncatus 1,935 perP. metidjensis). Successive periods of heavy and low production were encountered in the shedding of cercariae; however, the periodicity was identical in the two snail species (25–27 days) and the emergence of cercariae peaked between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m.
9 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Contamination was local and «ruralisation» activities (particularly gardening) seemed to be the most important displaying factor.
Abstract: L'epidemiologie de la schistosomiase a ete evaluee en octobre 1990 dans trois ecoles primaires d'un quartier periurbain du district de Bamako : Magnambougou. L'enquete de type transversal a porte sur un echantillon aleatoire de 549 eleves âges de 7 a 14 ans. La methode du Kato-Katz et celle de la filtration des urines ont ete utilisees pour la recherche des œufs de schistosome. Le taux de prevalence de Schistosoma haematobium etait de 50 % (256/512) et celui de S. mansoni 5,6 % (26/464). Les enfants âges de 11-14 ans etaient plus touches par S. haematobium (59,4 %), than those from 7-10 years old (35.2 %) (p < 0.005). Among these children, 26,2 % excreted more than 100 eggs per 10 ml of urine. The infection did not varied significantly no matter what the sex is (53.7 and 44.8 % respectively in boys and girls) (p = 0.05). According to the residence, pupils living in Magnambougou were more infected (54.9 %) than those of others district (31.1 %) (p < 0.001). Likewise, S. haematobium infection was more important in A and C schools (64.9 and 73.2 % respectively) than in B school (11.2 %) (p < 0.001). Two major smails species which are the intermediate hosts of urine jschistosomiasis in Mali (Bulinus truncatus and Bulinus globosus) were found in the shelters: however, B. truncatus was only infected in 13.1 % (19/145). Contamination was local and «ruralisation» activities (particularly gardening) seemed to be the most important displaying factor
8 citations