Showing papers on "Burnout published in 2008"

Early predictors of job burnout and engagement.

Abstract: A longitudinal study predicted changes in burnout or engagement a year later by identifying 2 types of early indicators at the initial assessment. Organizational employees (N = 466) completed measures of burnout and 6 areas of worklife at 2 times with a 1-year interval. Those people who showed an inconsistent pattern at Time 1 were more likely to change over the year than were those who did not. Among this group, those who also displayed a workplace incongruity in the area of fairness moved to burnout at Time 2, while those without this incongruity moved toward engagement. The implications of these 2 predictive indicators are discussed in terms of the enhanced ability to customize interventions for targeted groups within the workplace.

The Job Demands-Resources model: A three-year cross-lagged study of burnout, depression, commitment, and work engagement

Abstract: By using a full panel design in a representative sample of Finnish dentists (N=2555), the present study aimed to test longitudinally the motivational and health impairment processes as proposed in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. The second aim was to investigate whether home resources and home demands have an additional influence on both processes over time. The hypotheses were tested with cross-lagged analyses based on two waves over a three-year period. The results supported both the motivational process and the health impairment process. Job resources influenced future work engagement, which, in turn, predicted organizational commitment, whereas job demands predicted burnout over time, which, in turn, predicted future depression. In addition, job resources had a weak negative impact on burnout. Home demands and home resources did not influence the motivational or health impairment process over time. The results support the central role of work characteristics for health and well-being....

Burnout and suicidal ideation among U.S. medical students.

Abstract: The stresses of medical school can lead to suicidal ideation or burnout. The prevalence of these conditions in medical students is not known. In a survey of 4287 medical students at 7 U.S. medical ...

Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: prospective cohort study.

Abstract: Objective To determine the prevalence of depression and burnout among residents in paediatrics and to establish if a relation exists between these disorders and medication errors Design Prospective cohort study Setting Three urban freestanding children’s hospitals in the United States Participants 123 residents in three paediatric residency programmes Main outcome measures Prevalence of depression using the Harvard national depression screening day scale, burnout using the Maslach burnout inventory, and rate of medication errors per resident month Results 24 (20%) of the participating residents met the criteria for depression and 92 (74%) met the criteria for burnout Active surveillance yielded 45 errors made by participants Depressed residents made 62 times as many medication errors per resident month as residents who were not depressed: 155 (95% confidence interval 057 to 422) compared with 025 (014 to 046, P<0001) Burnt out residents and non-burnt out residents made similar rates of errors per resident month: 045 (020 to 098) compared with 053 (021 to 133, P=02) Conclusions Depression and burnout are major problems among residents in paediatrics Depressed residents made significantly more medical errors than their non-depressed peers; however, burnout did not seem to correlate with an increased rate of medical errors

Perceived Teacher Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Job Stress and Burnout: Mediation Analyses

Abstract: Teacher self-efficacy is studied as a personal resource factor that may protect from the experience of job strain and, thus, make the escalation of burnout less likely. The article examines the relationships between self-efficacy, job stress, and burnout, focusing on mediation (self-efficacy → job stress → burnout). Moreover, it questions whether such a mediation, if found, would be dependent on the levels of other variables (moderated mediation). Study I, with two samples of teachers (N= 1,203), examined this putative mechanism cross-sectionally and found such an effect, in particular for younger teachers and those with low general self-efficacy. Study II, with 458 teachers, replicated the results longitudinally over a period of one year by employing structural equation models. In a cross-lagged panel design, low self-efficacy preceded burnout. Further research should study these mechanisms by interventions that aim at strengthening teacher self-efficacy as a protective resource factor. L’auto-efficacite des enseignants est etudiee comme une ressource personnelle pouvant les proteger de l’experience de la contrainte professionnelle et rendre l’escalade dans le burnout moins probable. Cet article examine les liens entre l’auto-efficacite, le stress au travail et le burnout, en se focalisant sur la mediation (auto-efficacite→ stress au travail → burnout). En outre, il questionne la facon dont une telle mediation, si elle est averee, pourrait etre dependante du niveau des autres variables (mediation moderee). La recherche 1 comprend deux echantillons d’enseignants (N= 1,203). Elle examine ce mecanisme croise suppose et revele un tel effet, en particulier pour les enseignants les plus jeunes et ceux ayant une auto-efficacite generale basse. L’etude 2 effectuee aupres de 458 enseignants confirme ces resultats, obtenus cette fois de facon longitudinale sur une periode d’un an en employant des modeles aequation structurale. Ainsi, une auto-efficacite basse precede le burnout. Des recherches plus poussees pourraient etudier les mecanismes par lesquels des interventions renforcent ou non l’auto-efficacite des enseignants comme source de protection.

Burnout and Turnover Intention Among Social Workers: Effects of Role Stress, Job Autonomy and Social Support

Abstract: This study examines the main and interactive effects of role stress, job autonomy, and social support in predicting burnout and turnover intention among social workers. This study included a subsample of 346 social workers identified from a cross-sectional random survey of 1,500 California state-registered social workers. Adjusted for age, gender, organizational tenure, and annual salary, structural equation analyses revealed that role stress had a positive direct effect on burnout. The variables of social support and job autonomy had a negative direct effect on turnover intention, but not on burnout. Results showed that job autonomy interacted with role stress in predicting burnout, while social support interacted with role stress in predicting turnover intention. Study results suggest that creating decentralized job conditions is essential for preventing burnout, and that building supportive job conditions is needed to retain social workers who are experiencing high role stress.

Linking physician burnout and patient outcomes: exploring the dyadic relationship between physicians and patients.

Abstract: Background Although patient outcomes of hospital stays have been widely explored, particularly patient satisfaction, there is a dearth of research linking health care provider burnout and patient outcomes at a dyadic level. In this article, we develop and test a model to explain the relationship between dimensions of burnout and patient outcomes, including patient satisfaction and recovery time. Purpose The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between physician burnout and patient satisfaction and the time required to regain normal functioning after hospital discharge. Methods This study was based upon a survey of 178 matched pairs of patients and physicians. The patients were people who had been hospitalized within the previous year. Results We found support for the notion that the depersonalization dimension of physician burnout was associated with patient outcomes of lower satisfaction and longer post discharge recovery time (after controlling for severity of illness and other demographic factors). Implications for practice The findings suggest that physician burnout has an impact on patient outcomes. Although this is a preliminary study, it suggests that organizations that take proactive steps to reduce burnout through system wide intervention programs will see greater benefits in terms of patient satisfaction and recovery.

Burnout and physical and mental health among Swedish healthcare workers

Abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study to investigate how burnout relates to self-reported physical and mental health, sleep disturbance, memory and lifestyle factors.BACKGROUND: Previous research ...

Burnout in European family doctors: the EGPRN study

Abstract: Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout, and of associatedfactors, amongst family doctors (FDs) in European countries.Methodology. A cross-sectional survey of FDs was conducted using a custom-designed andvalidated questionnaire which incorporated the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human ServicesSurvey (MBI-HSS) as well as questions about demographic factors, working experience, health,lifestyle and job satisfaction. MBI-HSS scores were analysed in the three dimensions of emotionalexhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA).Results. Almost 3500 questionnaires were distributed in 12 European countries, and 1393 werereturned to give a response rate of 41%. In terms of burnout, 43% of respondents scored high forEE burnout, 35% for DP and 32% for PA, with 12% scoring high burnout in all three dimensions.Just over one-third of doctors did not score high for burnout in any dimension. High burnout wasfound to be strongly associated with several of the variables under study, especially those relativeto respondents’ country of residence and European region, job satisfaction, intention tochange job, sick leave utilization, the (ab)use of alcohol, tobacco and psychotropic medication,younger age and male sex.Conclusions. Burnout seems to be a common problem in FDs across Europe and is associatedwith personal and workload indicators, and especially job satisfaction, intention to change joband the (ab)use of alcohol, tobacco and medication. The study questionnaire appears to bea valid tool to measure burnout in FDs. Recommendations for employment conditions of FDsand future research are made, and suggestions for improving the instrument are listed.Keywords. Burnout, Europe, general practice, job satisfaction, job stress.

A conceptual model of medical student well-being: promoting resilience and preventing burnout.

Abstract: This article proposes and illustrates a conceptual model of medical student well-being. The authors reviewed the literature on medical student stress, coping, and well-beingand developed a model of medical student coping termed the “coping reservoir.” The reservoir can be replenished or drained by various aspects of medical students’ experiences. The reservoir itself has an internal structure, conceptualized as consisting of the individual’s personal traits temperament and coping style. The coping reservoir metaphor is used to highlight the dynamic nature of students’ experiences, with potential outcomes including enhanced resilience and mental health versus distress and burnout. Medical student well-being is affected by multiple stressors as well as positive aspects of medical training. Attention to individual students’ coping reservoirs can help promote well-being and minimize burnout; formal and informal offerings within medical schools can help fill the reservoir. Helping students cultivate the skills to sustain their well-being throughout their careers has important payoffs for the overall medical education enterprise, for promotion of physician resilience and personal fulfillment, and for enhancement of professionalism and patient care. This and other models of coping should be empirically validated.

Perfectionism in school teachers: Relations with stress appraisals, coping styles, and burnout

Abstract: Many school teachers suffer from stress and burnout, and perfectionism is a personality characteristic that has been associated with increased stress, maladaptive coping, and burnout. Recent findings, however, show that perfectionism has both positive and negative facets. To investigate how these facets are related to stress, coping, and burnout in teachers, a sample of 118 secondary school teachers completed multidimensional measures of perfectionism, stress appraisals, coping styles, and burnout. Multiple regression analyses showed that striving for perfection was positively related to challenge appraisals and active coping and inversely to threat/loss appraisals, avoidant coping, and burnout whereas negative reactions to imperfection were positively related to threat/loss appraisals, avoidant coping, and burnout and inversely to challenge appraisals and active coping. Perceived pressure to be perfect showed differential relationships depending on the source of pressure: Whereas pressure from students was positively related to loss appraisals and pressure from students' parents was positively related to burnout, pressure from colleagues was inversely related to threat appraisals and burnout. The findings suggest that striving for perfection and perceived pressure from colleagues do not contribute to stress and burnout in teachers, whereas negative reactions to imperfection and perceived pressure from students and students' parents may be contributing factors.

Helping till it hurts? A multimethod study of compassion fatigue, burnout, and self-care in clinicians working with trauma survivors.

Abstract: There is burgeoning interest in secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and self-care in the helping professions. This multimethod study focused on therapists' stress and coping in their work with trauma survivors, identifying factors related to resilience and burnout. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 clinicians subscribing to a systems perspective, and 104 clinicians were administered a questionnaire inquiring about their caseloads, trauma history, coping styles, emotional self-awareness, work stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout. Interview data demonstrated that therapists detect job stress through bodily symptoms, mood changes, sleep disturbances, becoming easily distracted, and increased difficulty concentrating. Self-care strategies included processing with peers/supervisor, spirituality, exercise, and spending time with family. In the quantitative study, social support, work hours, and internal locus of control accounted for 41% of the variance in ...

Violence risks in nursing—results from the European ‘NEXT’ Study

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that violence in health care is increasing and that it strongly influences the recruitment and retention of nurses as well as sick leave and burnout levels. AIMS: To identify the prevalence of violence in nursing and to provide a basis for appropriate interventions. METHODS: Nurses from 10 European countries answered to a questionnaire and to a follow-up assessment. Stepwise adjusted multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between frequency of violence, factors related to teamwork and other work-related factors and outcomes, such as burnout, intention to leave nursing and intention to change institution. RESULTS: A total of 39 894 nurses responded to the baseline questionnaire (51% response rate). After adjustment for age, gender and other risk factors, quality of teamwork appeared to be a major factor with odds ratio (OR) 1.35 (1.24-1.48) for medium quality and 1.52 (1.33-1.74) for low quality. Uncertainty regarding patients' treatments was linked with violence, with a clear gradient (OR 1.59, 1.47-1.72 for medium uncertainty and 2.13, 1.88-2.41 for high uncertainty). Working only night shift was at high risk (OR 2.17, 1.76-2.67). High levels of time pressure and physical load were associated with violence OR 1.45 (1.24-1.69) and 1.84 (1.66-2.04), respectively. High and medium frequency of violence was associated with higher levels of burnout, intent to leave nursing and intent to change institution. A 1-year follow-up assessment indicated stability in the relationships between outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study supports efforts aimed at improving teamwork-related factors as they are associated with a decrease in violence against nurses. Language: en

A Study of the Relationship Between Self-Care, Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout Among Hospice Professionals

Abstract: Hospice care professionals (HCPs) experience a large number of stressors in their work settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-care, compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among HCPs. Thirty-seven HCPs were surveyed regarding their levels of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout. Respondents also reported the types of self-care activities in which they took part. Results indicated a relationship between self-care strategies and lower levels of burnout and compassion fatigue, and higher levels of compassion satisfaction. Several suggestions are offered for continued research and practice in the hospice care field.

Job satisfaction, occupational stress, burnout and work engagement as components of work-related wellbeing

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction, occupational stress, burnout and work engagement as dimensions of work-related wellbeing in a sample of members of the police force in South Africa. A survey design was used. Stratifed random samples of members of the police force (N = 677) were taken in the North West Province of South Africa. The Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, Police Stress Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used as measuring instruments. The results provided support for a four-factorial model of work-related wellbeing consisting of the following dimensions: job satisfaction (indicating pleasure vs. displeasure), occupational stress (indicating anxiety vs. comfort), burnout (indicating fatigue vs. vigour), and engagement (indicating enthusiasm vs. depression).

Nurse burnout and patient safety outcomes: nurse safety perception versus reporting behavior.

Abstract: This article examines the relationship between nurse burnout and patient safety indicators, including both safety perceptions and reporting behavior. Based on the Conservation of Resources model of stress and burnout, it is predicted that burnout will negatively affect both patient safety perceptions and perceived likelihood of reporting events. Nurses from a Veteran's Administration hospital completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and safety outcomes subset of measures from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Culture measure. After controlling for work-related demographics, multiple regression analysis supported the prediction that burnout was associated with the perception of lower patient safety. Burnout was not associated with event-reporting behavior but was negatively associated with reporting of mistakes that did not lead to adverse events. The findings extend previous research on the relationship between burnout and patient outcomes and offer avenues for future research on how nurse motivation resources are invested in light of their stressful work environment.

Positive and negative work–family interaction and burnout: A longitudinal study of reciprocal relations

Abstract: Positive and negative work family interaction and burnout: A longitudinal study of reciprocal relations

Balint Groups as a Means to Increase Job Satisfaction and Prevent Burnout Among General Practitioners

Abstract: PURPOSE General practitioners (GPs) occupy a central position in health care and often have demanding working situations. This corps shows signs of exhaustion, and many consider quitting their job or plan to retire early. It is therefore urgent to fi nd ways of improving GP's satisfaction with their work. One approach might be Balint group participation. The aim of this study was to explore GPs' experi- ence of participating in Balint groups and its infl uence on their work life. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, qualitative study. Nine GPs who had participated in Balint groups for 3 to 15 years were interviewed. A phenom- enologic analysis was carried out to describe the phenomenon of Balint group participation. RESULTS The GPs perceived that their Balint group participation infl uenced their work life. Analyses revealed several interrelating themes: competence, profes- sional identity, and a sense of security, which increased through parallel pro- cesses, creating a base of endurance and satisfaction, thus enabling the GPs to rediscover the joy of being a physician. CONCLUSIONS The GPs in this study described their Balint group participation as benefi cial and essential to their work life as physicians in several ways. It seemed to increase their competence in patient encounters and enabled them to endure in their job and fi nd joy and challenge in their relationships with patients. Balint groups might thus help GPs handle a demanding work life and prevent burnout. These groups might not suit all GPs, however, and additional ways to reduce stress and increase job satisfaction should be offered.

Poor work environments and nurse inexperience are associated with burnout, job dissatisfaction and quality deficits in Japanese hospitals.

Abstract: Aims. To describe nurse burnout, job dissatisfaction and quality of care in Japanese hospitals and to determine how these outcomes are associated with work environment factors. Background. Nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction are associated with poor nurse retention and uneven quality of care in other countries but comprehensive data have been lacking on Japan. Design. Cross-sectional survey of 5956 staff nurses on 302 units in 19 acute hospitals in Japan. Methods. Nurses were provided information about years of experience, completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and reported on resource adequacy and working relations with doctors using the Nursing Work Index-Revised. Results. Fifty-six per cent of nurses scored high on burnout, 60% were dissatisfied with their jobs and 59% ranked quality of care as only fair or poor. About one-third had fewer than four years of experience and more than two-thirds had less than 10. Only one in five nurses reported there were enough registered nurses to provide quality care and more than half reported that teamwork between nurses and physicians was lacking. The odds on high burnout, job dissatisfaction and poor–fair quality of care were twice as high in hospitals with 50% inexperienced nurses than with 20% inexperienced nurses and 40% higher in hospitals where nurses had less satisfactory relations with physicians. Nurses in poorly staffed hospitals were 50% more likely to exhibit burnout, twice as likely to be dissatisfied and 75% more likely to report poor or fair quality care than nurses in better staffed hospitals. Conclusions. Improved nurse staffing and working relationships with physicians may reduce nurse burnout, job dissatisfaction and low nurse-assessed quality of care. Relevance to clinical practice. Staff nurses should engage supervisors and medical staff in discussions about retaining more experienced nurses at the bedside, implementing strategies to enhance clinical staffing and identifying ways to improve nurse-physician working relations.

Exploring emotion in teaching: Emotional labor, burnout, and satisfaction in Chinese higher education

Abstract: The current study was designed to examine the emotional labor of Chinese college instructors and its effects on teacher burnout and satisfaction. Four major findings were drawn: (a) of the three dimensions of emotional labor, Chinese college instructors engaged in deep acting the most and surface acting the least; (b) surface acting had deleterious effects on teacher burnout and satisfaction, but deep acting and authenticity had positive effects; (c) the three dimensions of emotional labor differed in magnitude as predictors of teacher burnout and satisfaction; and (d) both the emotional labor scale and the burnout scale conformed to the three-factor model with a Chinese sample.

The Compassion Fatigue Scale: Its Use With Social Workers Following Urban Disaster

Abstract: Objective: The present study has two goals: to assess the difference between secondary trauma and job burnout and to examine the utility of secondary trauma in predicting psychological distress. Method: The data come from a survey of social workers (N = 236) living in New York City 20 months following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC). Results: Social workers'involvement in WTC recovery efforts is related to secondary trauma but not burnout. Analyses also reveal that both secondary trauma and burnout are related to psychological distress after controlling for other risk factors. Conclusion: This study supports the importance of compassion fatigue as a risk factor for social workers counseling traumatized clients and its association with psychological problems.

Does School Matter? The Role of School Context in Adolescents' School-Related Burnout *

Abstract: School burnout can be defined as consisting of exhaustion due to school demands, cynical, and detached attitude toward one’s school, and feelings of inadequacy as a student (Kiuru, Aunola, Nurmi, Leskinen, & Salmela-Aro, 2008; Salmela-Aro & Naatanen, 2005; Schaufeli, Martinez, Pinto, Salanova, & Bakker, 2002). The first aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which schools differ in school-related burnout. Moreover, the aim was to examine the extent to which school-related and background factors are associated with school burnout at the school level and at the individual level. The participants were 58,657 students from 431 comprehensive schools and 29,515 students from 228 upper secondary schools who filled in a questionnaire measuring their school burnout, school-related variables (i.e., negative school climate, positive motivation received from teachers, support from the school), and background variables (i.e., gender, grade-point average, socio-economic status, and family structure). The...

Resident physician burnout: is there hope?

Abstract: Background: Prevalent among resident physicians, burnout has been associated with absenteeism, low job satisfaction, and medical errors. Little is known about the number and quality of interventions used to combat burnout. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE and PubMed databases. We included English-language articles published between 1966 and 2007 identified using combinations of the following medical subject heading terms: burnout, intervention studies, program evaluation, internship and residency, graduate medical education, medical student, health personnel, physician, resident physician, resident work hours, and work hour limitations. Additional articles were also identified from the reference lists of manuscripts. The quality of research was graded with the Strength of Evidence Taxonomy (SORT) from highest (level A) to lowest (level C). Results: Out of 190 identified articles, 129 were reviewed. Nine studies met inclusion criteria, only two of which were randomized, controlled trials. Interventions included workshops, a resident assistance program, a self-care intervention, support groups, didactic sessions, or stress-management/coping training either alone or in various combinations. None of the studied interventions achieved an A-level SORT rating. Conclusions: Despite the potentially serious personal and professional consequences of burnout, few interventions exist to combat this problem. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to examine the effect of interventions to manage burnout among resident physicians.