Showing papers on "Burnout published in 2011"
TL;DR: It is found that job demands such as risks and hazards and complexity impair employees' health and positively relate to burnout and that engagement motivated employees and was positively related to working safely.
Abstract: In this article, we develop and meta-analytically test the relationship between job demands and resources and burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes in the workplace. In a meta-analysis of 203 independent samples (N = 186,440), we found support for a health impairment process and for a motivational process as mechanisms through which job demands and resources relate to safety outcomes. In particular, we found that job demands such as risks and hazards and complexity impair employees' health and positively relate to burnout. Likewise, we found support for job resources such as knowledge, autonomy, and a supportive environment motivating employees and positively relating to engagement. Job demands were found to hinder an employee with a negative relationship to engagement, whereas job resources were found to negatively relate to burnout. Finally, we found that burnout was negatively related to working safely but that engagement motivated employees and was positively related to working safely. Across industries, risks and hazards was the most consistent job demand and a supportive environment was the most consistent job resource in terms of explaining variance in burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes. The type of job demand that explained the most variance differed by industry, whereas a supportive environment remained consistent in explaining the most variance in all industries.
1,294 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis was conducted on job demands, resources, and attitudes and their relation with burnout in regard to the COR theory, finding that higher demands, lower resources and lower adaptive organizational attitudes are associated with higher burnout.
744 citations
TL;DR: Strikingly, nurses are particularly dissatisfied with their health benefits, which highlights the need for a benefits review to make nurses' benefits more comparable to those of other white-collar employees.
Abstract: Job dissatisfaction among nurses contributes to costly labor disputes, turnover, and risk to patients. Examining survey data from 95,499 nurses, we found much higher job dissatisfaction and burnout among nurses who were directly caring for patients in hospitals and nursing homes than among nurses working in other jobs or settings, such as the pharmaceutical industry. Strikingly, nurses are particularly dissatisfied with their health benefits, which highlights the need for a benefits review to make nurses’ benefits more comparable to those of other white-collar employees. Patient satisfaction levels are lower in hospitals with more nurses who are dissatisfied or burned out—a finding that signals problems with quality of care. Improving nurses’ working conditions may improve both nurses’ and patients’ satisfaction as well as the quality of care.
669 citations
TL;DR: In this national study of internal medicine residents, suboptimal QOL and symptoms of burnout were common and were associated with higher debt and were less frequent among international medical graduates.
Abstract: Context Physician distress is common and has been associated with negative effects on patient care. However, factors associated with resident distress and well-being have not been well described at a national level. Objectives To measure well-being in a national sample of internal medicine residents and to evaluate relationships with demographics, educational debt, and medical knowledge. Design, Setting, and Participants Study of internal medicine residents using data collected on 2008 and 2009 Internal Medicine In-Training Examination (IM-ITE) scores and the 2008 IM-ITE survey. Participants were 16 394 residents, representing 74.1% of all eligible US internal medicine residents in the 2008-2009 academic year. This total included 7743 US medical graduates and 8571 international medical graduates. Main Outcome Measures Quality of life (QOL) and symptoms of burnout were assessed, as were year of training, sex, medical school location, educational debt, and IM-ITE score reported as percentage of correct responses. Results Quality of life was rated “as bad as it can be” or “somewhat bad” by 2402 of 16 187 responding residents (14.8%). Overall burnout and high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were reported by 8343 of 16 192 (51.5%), 7394 of 16 154 (45.8%), and 4541 of 15 737 (28.9%) responding residents, respectively. In multivariable models, burnout was less common among international medical graduates than among US medical graduates (45.1% vs 58.7%; odds ratio, 0.70 [99% CI, 0.63-0.77]; P $200 000 relative to no debt). Residents reporting QOL “as bad as it can be” and emotional exhaustion symptoms daily had mean IM-ITE scores 2.7 points (99% CI, 1.2-4.3; P Conclusions In this national study of internal medicine residents, suboptimal QOL and symptoms of burnout were common. Symptoms of burnout were associated with higher debt and were less frequent among international medical graduates. Low QOL, emotional exhaustion, and educational debt were associated with lower IM-ITE scores.
592 citations
TL;DR: Although the factors contributing to burnout were remarkably similar among women and men surgeons, the women were more likely to experience work-home conflicts than were their male colleagues.
Abstract: Objectives To evaluate differences in burnout and career satisfaction between men and women surgeons and to determine the relationships among personal factors, professional characteristics, and work-home conflicts. Design Cross-sectional study, with data gathered through a survey. Setting The United States. Participants Members of the American College of Surgeons. Main Outcome Measures Burnout and career satisfaction. Results Of approximately 24 922 surgeons sampled, 1043 women and 6815 men returned surveys (31.5% response rate). Women surgeons were younger, less likely to be married, less likely to be divorced, and less likely to have children (all P P P P P = .01) and depressive symptoms (33.0% vs 29.5%; P = .02). Factors independently associated with burnout on multivariate analysis were generally similar for men and women and included recent experience of a work-home conflict, resolving the most recent work-home conflict in favor of work, and hours worked per week. Conclusions Work-home conflicts appear to be a major contributor to surgeon burnout and are more common among women surgeons. Although the factors contributing to burnout were remarkably similar among women and men surgeons, the women were more likely to experience work-home conflicts than were their male colleagues.
463 citations
TL;DR: Working in a hospital with a better work environment was associated with significantly lower odds of nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction and with better quality-of-care outcomes.
Abstract: Purpose. To determine the effect of hospital work environments on hospital outcomes across multiple countries. Design. Primary survey data using a common instrument were collected from separate cross sections of 98 116 bedside care nurses practising in 1406 hospitals in 9 countries between 1999 and 2009. Main Outcome Measures. Nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction, patient readiness for hospital discharge and quality of patient care. Results. High nurse burnout was found in hospitals in all countries except Germany, and ranged from roughly a third of nurses to about 60% of nurses in South Korea and Japan. Job dissatisfaction among nurses was close to 20% in most countries and as high as 60% in Japan. Close to half or more of nurses in every country lacked confidence that patients could care for themselves following discharge. Quality-of-care rated as fair or poor varied from 11% in Canada to 68% in South Korea. Between one-quarter and one-third of hospitals in each country were judged to have poor work environments. Working in a hospital with a better work environment was associated with significantly lower odds of nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction and with better quality-of-care outcomes. Conclusions. Poor hospital work environments are common and are associated with negative outcomes for nurses and quality of care. Improving work environments holds promise for nurse retention and better quality of patient care.
333 citations
TL;DR: A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate the extent of burnout for university teaching staff and specifically to reveal predictive variables, which may explain this experience in this understudied occupational group.
Abstract: Background: Teacher stress potentially impairs personal and professional competence and compromises productivity. Aversive emotional experience has been most comprehensively encapsulated by the phenomenon of burnout, which is particularly prominent for staff in human service sectors. Burnout reactions have been characterised as tripartite: the depletion of emotional reserves (emotional exhaustion), an increasingly cynical and negative approach towards others (depersonalisation) and a growing feeling of work-related dissatisfaction (personal accomplishment). Purpose: Few studies have investigated the emotional consequences of teachers' stress and even fewer have specifically focused on university educators. A systematic literature review was thus conducted to evaluate the extent of burnout for university teaching staff and specifically to reveal predictive variables, which may explain this experience in this understudied occupational group. Design and methods: Six databases including Educational Resources ...
326 citations
TL;DR: Health care reform is likely to adversely affect physicians’ workload, autonomy, and work-life balance—all large contributors to burnout, and health care reform does contain some provisions that may reduce physician stress.
Abstract: DISCUSSIONS OF BARRIERS TO SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENtation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have largely focused on legislative, logistic, and legal hurdles. Notably absent from these discussions is how the health care reform measures may affect the emotional health of physicians. Burnout is common among physicians in the United States, with an estimated 30% to 40% experiencing burnout. Many aspects of patient care may be compromised by burnout. Physicians who have burnout are more likely to report making recent medical errors, score lower on instruments measuring empathy, and plan to retire early and have higher job dissatisfaction, which has been associated with reduced patient satisfaction with medical care and patient adherence to treatment plans. Burnout stems from work-related stress. Preliminary evidence suggests that excessive workloads (eg, work hours, on-call responsibilities), subsequent difficulty balancing personal and professional life, and deterioration in work control, autonomy, and meaning in work contribute to burnout in physicians. Some aspects of health care reform are likely to exacerbate many of these stressors and thus may have the unintended consequence of increasing physician burnout. Although reducing the number of patients who are uninsured is an important improvement, providing insurance to 30 million previously uninsured US residents will increase demand for care within a system already struggling with access issues due to an increasing older population, a decreased supply of physicians due to retirement, and low interest in primary care among graduating physicians. With demand for care outpacing supply of physicians, the workload for physicians active in practice will inevitably increase. Decreased financial margins due to cost containment provisions and higher practice costs will provide additional pressure for physicians to increase their workload. Capital costs to purchase electronic prescribing tools and computerized medical records are not fully covered by subsidies. Infrastructure expenses required for compliance with new regulations, such as those expenses associated with reporting qualitybased measures, will be an additional ongoing practice expense. These and other new regulations and reporting requirements (eg, requiring reporting of patient outcome data and guideline adherence for payment) will also increase the administrative burden for physicians on each patient for whom they provide care. Indeed physicians in Massachusetts report seeing more patients, reducing the time they spend with each patient, dealing with greater administrative requirements, and experiencing a detrimental financial impact after implementation of the Massachusetts Health Insurance Reform Law. If physicians nationally have a similar experience with health care reform, it is likely to result in increased workload that will exacerbate the challenge physicians have balancing their personal and professional life. Thus, health care reform is likely to adversely affect physicians’ workload, autonomy, and work-life balance—all large contributors to burnout. Health care reform does contain some provisions that may reduce physician stress. For example, removing insurance barriers for treatment of preexisting conditions, facilitating medication coverage, and streamlining insurance claims are all positive features of health care reform that are likely to improve patient care and reduce physician workload and stress. The introduction of a standardized claim form, as proposed in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, may also improve efficiency. Although these are important steps, more can be done to help ensure that health care reform does not have the unintended negative effect of precipitating burnout and job dissatisfaction among physicians, which appears to have occurred with health care reforms in other nations. For example, in a longitudinal study of UK physicians, the prevalence of burnout increased after new health care policies were implemented. However, little is known about how best to mitigate burnout in medical practice. Policy makers, health care organizations, insurance companies, academic medical
324 citations
22 Aug 2011
299 citations
TL;DR: Among a group of European and Israeli ICU clinicians, perceptions of inappropriate care were frequently reported and were inversely associated with factors indicating good teamwork.
Abstract: Clinicians in intensive care units (ICUs) who perceive the care they provide as inappropriate experience moral distress and are at risk for burnout. This situation may jeopardize patient quality of care and increase staff turnover.
294 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the additive, synergistic, and moderating effects of job demands and job resources on well-being (burnout and work engagement) and organizational outcomes, as specified by the job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model.
TL;DR: The authors examined relationships between emotional labour, burnout, and job satisfaction in a sample of UK teachers and found that social support mitigates the negative impact of emotional demands on emotional exhaustion, feelings of personal accomplishment and job satisfactio...
Abstract: Although teaching has been described as a profoundly emotional activity, little is known about the emotional demands faced by teachers or how this impacts on their well-being. This study examined relationships between ‘emotional labour’, burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment) and job satisfaction in a sample of UK teachers. Also examined was whether workplace social support moderated any relationships found between emotional labour and strain. The relationship between job experience and emotional labour was also investigated. Six hundred and twenty-eight teachers working in secondary schools in the UK completed questionnaires. Significant associations were observed between emotional labour and all outcomes, with a positive relationship found between emotional labour and personal accomplishment. Some evidence was found that social support mitigates the negative impact of emotional demands on emotional exhaustion, feelings of personal accomplishment and job satisfactio...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated a 4-month individual cognitive-behavioral intervention program to decrease burnout and increase self-efficacy, engagement, and performance among university students.
Abstract: Using the Social Cognitive Theory as a theoretical framework, this study evaluated a 4-month, individual cognitive-behavioral intervention program to decrease burnout and increase self-efficacy, engagement, and performance among university students. The main objective of the intervention was to decrease the anxiety the students coped with before exams in order to increase their beliefs of self-efficacy. Besides the study group intervened, two control groups were involved (i.e., a “stressed” control group and a “healthy” control group). All 3 groups filled out a questionnaire before the intervention and then again 6 months later (2 months after the intervention was completed). The results show that self-efficacy, engagement and performance increased in the intervened group when compared to both control groups. Regarding burnout, decreases were noted in both the intervened and stressed control groups but not in the healthy control group. The implications of the study are discussed, together with its limitations and suggestions for future research.
TL;DR: The results showed that social workers with higher initial levels of burnout later reported more physical health complaints and led to a faster rate of deterioration in physical health over a one-year period.
Abstract: The high risk of burnout in the social work profession is well established, but little is known about burnout's impact on the physical health of social workers. This article examines the relationship between burnout and physical health, using data from a longitudinal study of social workers. California-registered social workers (N = 406) were surveyed annually over a three-year period. Using structural equation modeling, the authors conducted a path analysis to test whether burnout predicted changes in physical health over time.The results showed that social workers with higher initial levels of burnout later reported more physical health complaints. Moreover, higher levels of burnout led to a faster rate of deterioration in physical health over a one-year period.The potential implications for policy and social service organizations are discussed.
TL;DR: Factors associated with burnout were distinct for academic and private practice surgeons, and distress parameters were lower and career satisfaction higher for academic surgeons.
Abstract: Objective(s):We compared distress parameters and career satisfaction from survey results of surgeons from 14 specialties practicing in an academic versus private practice environment.Methods:The 2008 American College of Surgeons survey evaluated demographic variables, practice characteristics, caree
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the interrelationships among emotional intelligence (EI), patient satisfaction, doctor burnout and job satisfaction, and found that higher self-rated EI was significantly associated with less burnout (p < 0.001) and higher job satisfaction (p ≥ 0.01).
Abstract: Medical Education 2011: 45: 835–842
CONTEXT The occupational health literature has long been dominated by stress-related topics. A more contemporary perspective suggests using a positive approach in the form of a health model focused on what is right with people, such as feelings of well-being and satisfaction.
OBJECTIVES Using a positive perspective and multi-source data collection, this study investigated the inter-relationships among emotional intelligence (EI), patient satisfaction, doctor burnout and job satisfaction.
METHODS In this observational study, 110 internists and 2872 out-patients were surveyed in face-to-face interviews.
RESULTS Higher self-rated EI was significantly associated with less burnout (p < 0.001) and higher job satisfaction (p < 0.001). Higher patient satisfaction was correlated with less burnout (p < 0.01). Less burnout was found to be associated with higher job satisfaction (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS This study identified EI as a factor in understanding doctors’ work-related issues. Given the multi-dimensional nature of EI, refinement of the definition of EI and the construct validity of EI as rated by others require further examination.
TL;DR: The emphasis of this article is on compassion fatigue and its theoretical conceptualization, but the concepts of burnout and vicarious traumatization are also discussed.
Abstract: A review of the literature on the health of nurses leaves little doubt that their work may take a toll on their psychosocial and physical health and well being.Nurses working in several specialty practice areas, such as intensive care, mental health, paediatrics, and oncology have been found to be particularly vulnerable to work-related stress. Several types of occupational stress have been identified, including burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization. While the emphasis of this article is on compassion fatigue and its theoretical conceptualization, the concepts of burnout and vicarious traumatization are also discussed. Two questions are posed for discussion: 1) Does compassion fatigue exist on a continuum of occupational stress? If so, is burnout a pre-condition for compassion fatigue; 2) What are the relationships between the types of occupational stress? To what extent does non-resolution of compassion fatigue increase the risk for developing vicarious traumatization? Case examples are provided to support this discussion.
TL;DR: Burnout may be an appropriate diagnosis in some cases where individual teachers' personal resources cannot meet the challenge of the difficulties presented by the work as discussed by the authors. But, the burnout explanation fails to account for situations where the conditions of teaching change so dramatically that moral rewards, previously available in ever-challenging work, are now inaccessible.
Abstract: What happens when experienced teachers who are fueled by the moral dimension of teaching find that they can no longer access the moral rewards of the work? Consistent and persistent frustrations in accessing the moral rewards of teaching requires a new concept to describe teachers who feel they no longer can do good work or teach “right.” Too often, this phenomenon of frustration in the pursuit of good teaching is described as burnout. Although the terms “burnout” and “demoralization” have been used synonymously, it is better to consider the two phenomena as related but conceptually distinct. Burnout may be an appropriate diagnosis in some cases where individual teachers’ personal resources cannot meet the challenge of the difficulties presented by the work. However, the burnout explanation fails to account for situations where the conditions of teaching change so dramatically that moral rewards, previously available in ever-challenging work, are now inaccessible. In this instance, the phenomenon is bette...
TL;DR: The main findings indicate that burnout levels in palliative care, or in health care settings related to this field, do not seem to be higher than in other contexts.
Abstract: Burnout is a phenomenon characterized by fatigue and frustration, usually related to work stress and dedication to a cause, a way of life that does not match the person’s expectations. Although it seems to be associated with risk factors stemming from a professional environment, this problem may affect any person. Palliative care is provided in a challenging environment, where professionals often have to make demanding ethical decisions and deal with death and dying. This article reports on the findings of a systematic review aimed at identifying described burnout levels in palliative care nurses and physicians, and the related risks and protective factors. The main findings indicate that burnout levels in palliative care, or in health care settings related to this field, do not seem to be higher than in other contexts.
TL;DR: This study reveals that several, but not all dimensions of both job satisfaction and burnout syndrome are relevant factors affecting physicians' turnover intention, and there may be partial mediation effects of occupational burnout, mainly through emotional exhaustion, within the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention.
Abstract: Throughout China, a growing number of physicians are leaving or intending to depart from their organizations owing to job dissatisfaction. Little information is available about the role of occupational burnout in this association. We set out to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention, and further to determine whether occupational burnout can serve as a mediator among Chinese physicians from urban state-owned medical institutions. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in March 2010 in Hubei Province, central China. The questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention. The job satisfaction and occupational burnout instruments were obtained by modifying the Chinese Physicians' Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (CPJSQ) and the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI), respectively. Such statistical methods as one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, GLM-univariate and structural equation modeling were used. Of the 1600 physicians surveyed, 1451 provided valid responses. The respondents had medium scores (3.18 +/-0.73) on turnover intention, in which there was significant difference among the groups from three urban areas with different development levels. Turnover intention, which significantly and negatively related to all job-satisfaction subscales, positively related to each subscale of burnout syndrome. Work environment satisfaction (b = -0.074, p < 0.01), job rewards satisfaction (b = -0.073, p < 0.01), organizational management satisfaction (b = -0.146, p < 0.01), and emotional exhaustion (b = 0.135, p < 0.01) were identified as significant direct predictors of the turnover intention of physicians, with 41.2% of the variance explained unitedly, under the control of sociodemographic variables, among which gender, age, and years of service were always significant. However, job-itself satisfaction no longer became significant, with the estimated parameter on job rewards satisfaction smaller after burnout syndrome variables were included. As congregated latent concepts, job satisfaction had both significant direct effects (gamma21 = -0.32, p < 0.01) and indirect effects (gamma11 × beta21 = -0.13, p < 0.01) through occupational burnout (62% explained) as a mediator on turnover intention (47% explained). Our study reveals that several, but not all dimensions of both job satisfaction and burnout syndrome are relevant factors affecting physicians' turnover intention, and there may be partial mediation effects of occupational burnout, mainly through emotional exhaustion, within the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention. This suggests that enhancements in job satisfaction can be expected to reduce physicians' intentions to quit by the intermediary role of burnout as well as the direct path. It is hoped that these findings will offer some clues for health-sector managers to keep their physician resource motivated and stable.
TL;DR: The study provides additional support about role stress as an important predictor of burnout and engagement in nursing, even after controlling for personal resources and socio-demographic variables.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided supporting ACT as brief, stress management intervention for social workers that decreased stress and symptoms of burnout, and increased general mental health.
TL;DR: This study showed that negative development of burnout was predicted by not feeling well prepared for a nursing job, lacking study interest, high levels of performance-based self-esteem and depressive mood in the final year of education.
TL;DR: Nurses in Shanghai were suffering from high levels of burnout, which was strongly associated with work-related stress, and interventions in reducing occupational stress are needed to reduce the burden of burn out in Chinese nurses.
Abstract: xie z., wang a. & chen b. (2011) Nurse burnout and its association with occupational stress in a cross-sectional study in Shanghai. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(7), 1537–1546.
Abstract
Aim. This paper is a report of a study investigating nurse burnout and its association with occupational stressors in Shanghai, China.
Background. Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Measuring burnout among nurses and its association with occupational stressors are important in providing appropriate intervention to reduce stress and burnout.
Method. In total, 527 nurses from 41 hospitals in Shanghai returned self-reported questionnaires in June 2008. Their burden of burnout was measured by the Chinese version of ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory’, and their stress by the Chinese version of ‘job content questionnaire’ and ‘effort-reward imbalance questionnaire’.
Results. Most nurses (74·76%) had a Demand/Control ratio higher than 1 and 27·13% had an Effort/Reward ratio higher than 1. The nurses showed a high level of emotional exhaustion, moderate level of depersonalization, and low level of reduced personal accomplishment. Linear regression analyses showed higher burden of stress and burnout among nurses at younger age, or on shift duty or from higher grade hospitals. Both the job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire models had good predictive powers of the nurses’ burnout, especially the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire model is more powerful than the other in predicting two Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.
Conclusion. Nurses in Shanghai were suffering from high levels of burnout, which was strongly associated with work-related stress. Interventions in reducing occupational stress are needed to reduce the burden of burnout in Chinese nurses.
TL;DR: Curricular reform intended to enhance student well-being should incorporate pass/fail grading, as how students are evaluated has a greater impact than other aspects of curriculum structure on theirWell-being.
Abstract: Purpose Psychological distress is common among medical students. Curriculum structure and grading scales are modifiable learning environment factors that may influence student well-being. The authors sought to examine relationships among curriculum structures, grading scales, and student well-being. Method The authors surveyed 2,056 first- and second-year medical students at seven U.S. medical schools in 2007. They used the Perceived Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-8) to measure stress, burnout, and quality of life, respectively. They measured curriculum structure using hours spent in didactic, clinical, and testing experiences. Grading scales were categorized as two categories (pass/ fail) versus three or more categories (e.g., honors/pass/fail). Results Of the 2,056 students, 1,192 (58%) responded. In multivariate analyses, students in schools using grading scales with three or more categories had higher levels of stress (beta 2.65; 95% CI 1.54– 3.76, P .0001), emotional exhaustion (beta 5.35; 95% CI 3.34–7.37, P .0001), and depersonalization (beta 1.36; 95% CI 0.53–2.19, P .001) and were more likely to have burnout (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.41–3.35, P .0005) and to have seriously considered dropping out of school (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.54–3.27, P .0001) compared with students in schools using pass/fail grading. There were no relationships between time spent in didactic and clinical experiences and well-being.
TL;DR: A human factors engineering model of nursing workload was conceptualised and supported by data from two paediatric hospitals and provided a novel insight into specific ways that different types of workload could affect nurse and patient outcomes.
Abstract: Background Nursing workload is increasingly thought to contribute to both nurses' quality of working life and quality/safety of care. Prior studies lack a coherent model for conceptualising and measuring the effects of workload in healthcare. In contrast, we conceptualised a human factors model for workload specifying workload at three distinct levels of analysis and having multiple nurse and patient outcomes.
Methods To test this model, we analysed results from a cross-sectional survey of a volunteer sample of nurses in six units of two academic tertiary care paediatric hospitals.
Results Workload measures were generally correlated with outcomes of interest. A multivariate structural model revealed that: the unit-level measure of staffing adequacy was significantly related to job dissatisfaction (path loading=0.31) and burnout (path loading=0.45); the task-level measure of mental workload related to interruptions, divided attention, and being rushed was associated with burnout (path loading=0.25) and medication error likelihood (path loading=1.04). Job-level workload was not uniquely and significantly associated with any outcomes.
Discussion The human factors engineering model of nursing workload was supported by data from two paediatric hospitals. The findings provided a novel insight into specific ways that different types of workload could affect nurse and patient outcomes. These findings suggest further research and yield a number of human factors design suggestions.
TL;DR: The need for a dimensional and longitudinal approach in future research to account for the heterogeneity of burnout is emphasized, largely due to the incomparability of studies.
TL;DR: The term "burnout" should not be used as a medical diagnosis or as a basis for decisions regarding disability or other socioeconomic matters, and a standardized and internationally accepted diagnostic instrument with a validated rating scale should be developed.
Abstract: Background
“Burnout syndrome” is now a common reason for medical excuses from work, and thus an important topic in health-related economics. Much research is still needed, however, to establish the scientific basis for this entity, the criteria by which it might be diagnosed and classified, and how it should be treated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of customer orientation and servant leadership on frontline employees' burnout and subsequently on their turnover intentions were examined. And the role of person-job fit in the process was investigated.
Abstract: This study examines the effects of customer orientation and servant leadership on frontline employees' burnout and, subsequently, on their turnover intentions. Also investigated in the study is the intervening role of person-job fit in the process. Data collected from 530 frontline bank employees in New Zealand serve as the study setting. Results show that both customer orientation and servant leadership significantly reduce burnout and ultimately turnover intentions. Results also show that person-job fit mediates the influences of customer orientation and servant leadership on burnout and turnover intentions. Implications of the results are discussed and future research avenues are offered.