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Showing papers on "Butt welding published in 1977"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Laser welding and one-piece castings of three units were found to be significantly superior to soldering and the laser welding was most reliable.
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate objectively the relative distortion in three-unit bridges joined by laser welding, soldering, or one-piece casting techniques, Each procedure was replicated five times. Laser welding and one-piece castings of three units were found to be significantly superior to soldering. The laser welding was most reliable.

55 citations


Patent
Tsutomu Omae1, Shibata Takanori1, Keiziro Sakai1, Tomio Iizuka1, Takaichi Koyama1 
01 Sep 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for controlling an automatic pipe welder is presented, in which welding conditions for butt welding pipes are stored and an actual joint geometry or groove shape is sensed and a control command signal in actual welding is produced to effect welding under an optimum condition.
Abstract: Method for controlling an automatic pipe welder is disclosed. In the automatic welder which requires remote control, welding conditions for butt welding pipes are stored and an actual joint geometry or groove shape is sensed. From signals relating to the stored welding conditions and the sensed groove shape, a control command signal in actual welding is produced to effect welding under an optimum condition. On the other hand, an arc condition at an actual welding point and a melting condition of a metal are monitored and displayed to modify the welding conditions in accordance with the monitored condition to control the automatic pipe welder.

48 citations


Patent
Omae Tsutomu1, Keiziro Sakai1
15 Sep 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a control apparatus for an automatic pipe welder is described, which continuously butt welds pipes while running along a welding line on the periphery of a pipe, in accordance with predetermined welding conditions for each of a plurality of welding areas.
Abstract: Disclosed is a control apparatus for an automatic pipe welder, for controlling the automatic pipe welder which continuously butt welds pipes while it is running along a welding line on the periphery of a pipe, in accordance with predetermined welding conditions for each of a plurality of welding areas sectioned along the welding line. All of the welding conditions for the welding areas are stored in a digital storage device while welding conditions on an area currently being welded are stored in another storage device. The contents of the second-mentioned digital storage device are converted by a digital-analog converter to analog signals, which are then held respectively in corresponding sample and hold circuits. Outputs of the sample and hold circuits are supplied as control commands to respective control units which control the welder in accordance with the welding conditions. In this manner, the construction of the control apparatus and a control panel thereof is simplified.

33 citations


Patent
Albert J. Verdouw1
21 Dec 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a gas turbine engine combustor assembly of unique configuration has an outer wall made up of a plurality of axially extending multi-layered porous metal panels joined together at butt joints therebetween by a reinforcing and heat dissipation ring and a unique weld configuration to prevent thermal erosion of the ends of the polygonal panels at the butt joints.
Abstract: A gas turbine engine combustor assembly of unique configuration has an outer wall made up of a plurality of axially extending multi-layered porous metal panels joined together at butt joints therebetween by a reinforcing and heat dissipation ring and a unique weld configuration to prevent thermal erosion of the ends of the porous metal panels at the butt joints; the combustor further including a unique inner wall made up of a plurality of like axially extending multi-layered porous metal panels joined at butt joints by a reinforcing and heat dissipation ring on the inner surface of the inner wall panels and an improved butt weld joint that prevents thermal erosion of the ends of the porous metal inner wall panels.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Butt fusion welding of four different grades of polyethylene pipe has been studied and the feasibility of producing good welds between pipes of different melt flow index has been examined.
Abstract: The butt fusion welding of four different grades of polyethylene pipe has been studied and the feasibility of producing good welds between pipes of different melt flow index has been examined. Weld quality has been assessed on the basis of tensile tests and microstructural studies. The factors influencing the microstructure are discussed; in particular, the flow of molten polymer within the welds.

26 citations


Patent
27 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a method for butt welding a pair of vertically disposed tubular members having a wall thickness of more than 12 mm in end-to-end relationship by multi-pass shielded arc welding with a consumable electrode, comprising the steps of preparing the opposed edges of the tubular member by forming a root face the width of which being in the range of 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm, performing a root pass by continuously feeding an electrode having a diameter not larger than about 1.
Abstract: A method for butt welding a pair of vertically disposed tubular members having a wall thickness of more than 12 mm in end-to-end relationship by multi-pass shielded arc welding with a consumable electrode, comprising the steps of preparing the opposed edges of the tubular members by forming a root face the width of which being in the range of 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm and beveling the edges adjacent to the root face to a bevel angle in the range of 40° to 50°, coaxially aligning said tubular members so that the gap between the root faces is not larger than 1.5 mm, performing a root pass by continuously feeding an electrode having a diameter not larger than about 1.0 mm into the groove between the prepared edges supplying a shielding gas consisting of 0-40% carbon dioxide and the balance argon, energizing an arc between the electrode and the root face alternately changing the voltage supplied to the arc between a low value and a high value, adjusting the low voltage to produce a droplet metal transfer during short circuit periods, adjusting the high voltage to produce a spray metal transfer, adjusting the welding speed and the electrode feeding speed to deposit metal in the groove in the range of 0.15 to 0.35 grams per mm length of the pass, and successively depositing overlapping passes for filling the groove.

24 citations


Patent
06 Jun 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a horse-shoe-shaped body is arranged to engage partially around the tubes to be butt welded when inserted from one side of the tubes, and a crescent shaped table carrying a welding head is rotatably carried by the body so that rotation of the table relative the body orbits the welding head around the region of the weld.
Abstract: The orbital welding torch described herein has a horse-shoe shaped body arranged to engage partially around the tubes to be butt welded when inserted from one side of the tubes, and a crescent shaped table carrying a welding head which is rotatably carried by the body so that rotation of the table relative the body orbits the welding head around the region of the weld, the open mouth of the table being capable of alignment with the open mouth of the body to enable the body to be inserted from one side of the tube to engage partially around the tubes. In order to hold the torch in alignment with the tubes during a butt welding operation clamping blocks are provided which move in a direction substantially diametric relative the tubes once the torch is in position to make a weld and is substantially transverse to the direction of insertion of the horse-shoe shaped body whereby, once the torch has been inserted from one side of the tubes so that the body extends partially around the tubes, the blocks can be clamped onto the tubes to hold the torch in place during the making of a weld.

18 citations


Patent
25 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the coupling members are slidingly mounted over the tubes in telescopic fashion, and fixed upon the tubes by fitting a split sleave over the tube between the ring thereon and the end of the tubular portion of the coupling member, which is then butt welded in place.
Abstract: Apparatus and method for connecting by welding two axially spaced apart pipes which may be misaligned relative to each other, including butt welding between the pipe ends a pair of coupling members, each coupling member having a tubular portion and an end portion having a face which lies on a plane which intersects the axis of the tubular portion at a nonperpendicular angle and which describes the circle upon the plane. The faces of the end portions may be abutted, rotated, and welded together such that the axes of the tubular portions thereof intersect at various angles. In one embodiment of the invention, the coupling members are mounted in combination with a pair of tubes, each of the tubes has a radially enlarged ring near one end thereof, which end is butt welded to one of the pipe ends. The coupling members are slidingly mounted over the tubes in telescopic fashion, and fixed upon the tubes by fitting a split sleave over the tube between the ring thereon and the end of the tubular portion of the coupling member, which is then butt welded in place. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the coupling members are mounted between the pipe ends by butt welding the tubular portions directly to the pipe ends. The apparatus and method of this invention are particularly useful for use in an underwater environment.

16 citations


Patent
30 Nov 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a sensor assembly for sensing variations in the welding path, a first drive mechanism for moving the sensor assembly and the welding torch in the opposite transverse direction (i.e., toward the right and left) of the path, and a second drive mechanism that can be selectively employed for operating the apparatus in either the two-way sensing, right hand sensing, or left hand sensing mode.
Abstract: Sensing apparatus is disclosed which is particularly useful for guiding a welding torch along a seam or joint to be welded. The sensing apparatus comprises a sensor assembly for sensing variations in the welding path, a first drive mechanism for moving the sensor assembly and the welding torch in the opposite transverse direction (i.e., toward the right and left) of the path, and a second drive mechanism for moving the sensor assembly and the welding torch toward and away from the path. For controlling the operation of the drive mechanism in accordance with electrical signals produced by the sensor assembly, three control circuits are provided which can be selectively employed for operating the apparatus in either the two-way sensing, right hand sensing, or left hand sensing mode. The two-way sensing mode is suitable for a butt weld, and the right or the left hand sensing mode for a lap weld and fillet weld.

13 citations


Patent
26 Oct 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a movable clamp 3 is fixed on the bed plate 1 at a proper distance from the fixed clamp 2, and the upper halves of the clamps 2 and 3 are opened to set the thermoplastic resin pipes projected from the sides of clamps 1 and 3.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To butt-weld thermoplastic resin pipes without causing stepped part in the joint, by welding thermoplastic resin pipes of reformed round cross sections to be welded together with a given pressure applied. CONSTITUTION:The movable clamp 3 is fixed on the bed plate 1 at a proper distance from the fixed clamp 2, and the upper halves of the clamps 2 and 3 are opened to set the thermoplastic resin pipes projected from the sides of the clamps 2 and 3. The upper halves of the clamps 2 and 3 are then closed to hold the pipes 5, whose ends are reformed into round cross sectional shapes by the pressure applied to the end outer walls with the plural adjusting bolts 21 and 31 on the clamps 2 and 3. The radius of gyration of the cutting tools 61 of the rotating chamfering machine 6 is adjusted to the radius for the cutting and chamfering, and the tools 61 are rotated to cut and chamfer the pipe ends simultaneously. The machine 6 is then removed, and the hot plate 7 is inserted between the pipes 5. The pipe ends are pressed to the hot plate 7 by the pressing machine 4 under a given pressure, locked by the locking device 44, and butt-welded.

13 citations


Patent
20 Dec 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, chemical resistant steels for containers are butt welded by using an automatic welding process, where the electrode is oscillated over the whole width of the seam and is kept to a maximum thickness of 1 mm.
Abstract: Chemically resistant steels for containers are butt welded by using an automatic welding process. The electrode is oscillated over the whole width of the seam and is kept to a maximum thickness of 1 mm.

Patent
29 Jul 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and an apparatus for the control of the filler material supply rate in energy beam welding as electron beam welding is disclosed, where the width or cross-sectional area of a gap defined by opposed faces of two workpiece parts to be joined is measured by radiation, preferably X-ray radiation, and the rate with which filler material is supplied into a welding zone produced by the energy beam is controlled in proportion to the result of the measurement.
Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the control of the filler material supply rate in energy beam welding as electron beam welding is disclosed. The width or cross-sectional area of a gap defined by opposed faces of two workpiece parts to be joined is measured by radiation, preferably X-ray radiation, and the rate with which filler material is supplied into a welding zone produced by the energy beam is controlled in proportion to the result of the measurement. The measurement may be made in advance of the welding zone and the control is then delayed by a period of time, which the welding zone takes to arrive at the position of the gap, where the measurement was made.

Patent
20 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the end faces of the optical light guides are reduced by etching, followed by grinding a flat at an angle of 5 degrees so that they fit stepless to the incoming optical light guide.
Abstract: Forked branches of optical light guides are produced by welding by reducing the end faces of the branch fibres through a ground inclined flat. The remaining end faces are butt-joined to the end face of the trunk fibre where they are fixed to each other in a T-joint. The ends of the branch lines of the optical light guides are reduced in dia. by etching, followed by grinding a flat at an angle of 5 degrees so that they fit stepless to the end face of the incoming optical light guide. The reduction of the end face areas of the branches causes a stepless fusion of the fibres, particularly if a welding method based on a glow discharge gap is used.

Patent
28 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a device for underwater detection of flaws in welds, especially lap welds as distinguished from butt welds wherein a filleted weld is made, is described.
Abstract: A device for underwater detection of flaws in welds, especially lap welds as distinguished from butt welds wherein a filleted weld is made, said device embodying ultrasonic transducers arranged to emit and receive a sonic beam at angles such as to pass through the weld at an angle corresponding substantially to the inclination of the weld and to be adjustable for welds of different inclination and for beam travel through different configurations of weldments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a computer-based fatigue damage analysis for welded structures is investigated; although accurate fatigue predictions have been made for notched structures, this type of analysis has not previously been applied to welded components.
Abstract: This study deals with the fatigue of welded components emphasizing the use of small specimen data, a general stress-strain expression, the fatigue notch factor, and the effect of residual stresses. A computer-based fatigue damage analysis for welded structures is investigated; although accurate fatigue predictions have been made for notched structures, this type of analysis has not previously been applied to welded components. Fatigue crack propagation data are presented emphasizing the mean stress effect on the rate of cracking. Crack measurements have been made for both butt and fillet welded specimens in which the cracks commence from the toe of the weld. For fillet welded attachments and butt welds with substantial reinforcement, a residual stress adjustment was made based on the assumption that the maximum stress at the notch root is equal to yield stress. A fatigue damage analysis for welded specimens subjected to block loading using a computer-based damage model gave results close to experimental data. With a proposed stress function as the controlling stress parameter for crack growth, crack propagation data were successfully correlated.

Patent
27 May 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, two pies are centred and aligned by an expanding mandrel prior to being joined by butt welding process, which comprises: (a) expansion of the mandrel until it meets the pipe with the smaller diameter and provides pipe with a circular cross-section; (b) conversion of a second pipe to circular crosssection, and/or expansion of pipe, depending on the ovality of pipe and the diametrical tolerances of pipe; (c) combined expansion of two pipes is finally efected.
Abstract: Two pies are centred and aligned by an expanding mandrel prior to being joined by butt welding Process comprises: (a) expansion of the mandrel until it meets the pipe with the smaller dia and provides pipe with a circular cross-section; (b) conversion of a second pipe to a circular cross-section, and/or expansion of pipe, depending on the ovality of pipe and the diametrical tolerances of pipe; (c) combined expansion of the two pipes is finally efected The expansion may be carried out via a work cylinder, the expansion being limited by a safety valve on a pump feeding the work cylinder Alternatively, expansion may be continued until >=1 pipe is forced against an outer reinforcing ring The pref mandrel uses expanding segments fitted with Cu pads pressed against the pipes Method may be used eg for welding pipes used as pneumatic conveyors in hospitals etc for bottles of blood or medicines; or for conveying powders No surface roughness or weld metal is present in the bore of the pipes at the welded joint, ie there is no interference with the travel of conveyed objects

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the residual stresses caused by weld shrinkage in a plate containing a central longitudinal weld were investigated and the results led to proposed values for the factors H and C in the simple Moxham formula, which are in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions.
Abstract: A study was made of the residual stresses caused by weld shrinkage in a plate containing a central longitudinal weld. A theoretical analysis was developed in which the weld was treated as a moving concentrated heat source, through-thickness variations in temperature and stress being ignored. The equations were solved in finite-difference form and the stresses were computed at discrete stages during welding and cooling. Allowance was made for the variation of yield stress with temperature. Computed results were obtained for the bead-on-plate and butt welded cases.Residual stresses were measured in 40 flat plate specimens containing a central butt weld, with thicknesses ranging from 6 to 16 mm. The results led to proposed values for the factors H and C in the simple Moxham formula, which are in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions.

Patent
29 Dec 1977
TL;DR: An orbital welding apparatus for butt welding tubular pipes includes a nonconsumable electrode for establishing an electrical arc and means for storing and dispensing consumable weld wire through an aiming conduit as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An orbital welding apparatus for butt welding tubular pipes includes a non-consumable electrode for establishing an electrical arc and means for storing and dispensing consumable weld wire through an aiming conduit. The weld wire is a solid monofilament wire helically coiled into a plurality of closely spaced convolution having a hollow core to provide minimum bending stiffness and a low constant spring rate in the bending mode so that it can negotiate sharper bends without permanent deformation. It is stored around a spool which is rotatably mounted in a non-rotatable magazine having a fixed block at one end. The fixed block supports a friction member formed by a plurality of axially projecting spaced loops of resilient filaments which engage the smooth end of the spool to provide a low uniform frictional drag balancing the low spring force of the weld wire as it is uncoiled from the spool and is fed to the aiming conduit by a pair of powered feed rollers having a resilient outer periphery to grip the wire.

Patent
17 Feb 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, Austenitic Mn steel is joined to ferritic steel rail by first welding the rail to an intermediate part of austenitic or semi-austenitic steel, aging the welded joint until a sufficient number of carides have pptd.
Abstract: Austenitic Mn steel is joined to ferritic steel rail by first welding the ferritic steel rail to an intermediate part of austenitic or semi-austenitic steel, aging the welded joint until a sufficient number of carides have pptd. for stabilisation of the structure, and secondly welding the intermediate part to the austenitic Mn steel. For joining switch points to steel rails. Method permits joining switch points of austenitic Mn steel to ferritic steel rail by butt welding.

Patent
16 May 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the subject process comprising depositing a welding metal on the compression stress generating part at the outer periphery by butt welding of pipes to impart heat energy to reduce tensile residual stress of the welded part and prevent occurrence of stress corrosion cracking is described.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide the subject process comprising depositing a welding metal on the compression stress generating part at the outer periphery by butt welding of pipes to impart heat energy thereto, thereby reducing tensile residual stress of the welded part and preventing occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. COPYRIGHT: (C)1978,JPO&Japio

Patent
01 Feb 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a device for mechanically correcting unevenness of a butt weld and irregularity in bevelling gap of spiral exterior plates was proposed, which was used to correct the irregularity of a spiral exterior plate.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A device for mechanically correcting unevenness of a butt weld and irregularity in bevelling gap of spiral exterior plates.

Patent
21 Sep 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of butt welding titanium-clad steel plates is described, where the steel portions of the abutting plates are first welded together, then the portions of steel plates adjacent to the titanium portions are metallized with a refractory metal coating, which coating is compatible both with the steel layer and with the titanium portion.
Abstract: A method of butt welding titanium-clad steel plates whereby the steel portions of the abutting plates are first welded together, then the portions of the steel plates adjacent to the titanium portions are metallized with a refractory metal coating, which coating is compatible both with the steel layer and with the titanium portions, then titanium is cast into the space between the titanium plates by a known method to complete a butt weld between the titanium clad steel plates, having continuous titanium and steel segments.

Patent
18 Apr 1977

Patent
13 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a machine for cold pressure welding of wire or strip by upsetting, using two pairs of clamping jaws to hold the two workpieces being joined, is described. Buttons are mounted on guide bars which provide the machine with rigidity and also permit a clamping pressure of up to 70 KN to be applied by separate hydraulic cylinders to each pair of jaws.
Abstract: Machine for the cold pressure butt welding of wire or strip by upsetting, using two pairs of clamping jaws to hold the two workpieces being joined. The jaws are provided with matching recesses to hold the workpieces and notches into which the upset metal can flow. A guide locates the jaws while they move together during welding. For clamping metal strip coated with plastic on one or both sides, the jaws are mounted on guide bars which provide the machine with rigidity and also permit a clamping pressure of up to 70 KN to be applied by separate hydraulic cylinders to each pair of jaws. Another hydraulic cylinder provides the welding pressure via wedges on the jaws. Used for cold butt welding two Al strips with cross-section 50 x 0.2 mm, coated on both sides with 50 mu m of plastic. The very long strip obtd. is bent to form a very long tube with overlapping edges round a cable core. Polythene is then extruded round the coated Al tube, the finished cable being used for data transmission.

01 Mar 1977
TL;DR: The first part of a fundamental study of the deep-penetration laser welding process was conducted during the year 1974-1975 with the objective of generating information relevant to the application of laser welding in manufacturing, with particular emphasis on materials of interest to the Navy as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: : This report contains the results of the first part of a fundamental study of the deep-penetration laser welding process The study was conducted during the year 1974-1975 with the objective of generating information relevant to the application of laser welding in manufacturing, with particular emphasis on materials of interest to the Navy The program has concentrated on (1) a study of the influence of laser parameters on welding performance, and (2) a study of the effect of the physical properties of metals on their laser welding response In the course of study 1, speed/power relationships were determined, along with the effects of laser operating mode and focusing optics on weld penetration and bead shape and cross-sectional area As a result of study 2, it was determined that within the range where operation could be maintained in the deep-penetration mode, a linear relationship exists on a log-log plot between a dimensionless speed parameter, and a power parameter which is also dimensionless It was noted that this represents a direct relationship between speed and penetration under conditions of constant power and focusing optics This correlation can thus be used to select initial deep-penetration laser welding parameters for any metal providing its properties are known Energy absorption and melting efficiencies were also determined for a range of elemental metals and a new relationship was determined for the limiting melting efficiency


Patent
26 Jul 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to simply and easily protect the spot welding electrode and to secure the quality of welding member, by applying necessary quantity of electrode protecting agent for removing contaminant at a suitable time at the time of carrying out spot welding operation blowing against the upper and lower processing face of electrode tip end of spot welding machine.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To simply and easily protect the spot welding electrode and to secure the quality of welding member, by applying necessary quantity of electrode protecting agent for removing contaminant at a suitable time at the time of carrying out spot welding operation blowing against the upper and lower processing face of electrode tip end of spot welding machine. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio

Patent
23 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the coupling section of a tank is constructed with a high safety factor and can be easily assembled, which is capable of alleviating the secondary bending stress in the interlocking section and solving the deformation of an annular plate caused by the welding strain.
Abstract: PURPOSE:Devised is the construction of the coupling section of a tank which has the characteristic of a high safety factor and is easily assembled The device is capable of allevating the secondary bending stress in the interlocking section of a tank, and solving the deformation of an annular plate which is caused by the welding strain whose welding joint from is changed from fillet welding joint to butt welding joint

Patent
10 May 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a method and a device for butt welding rotational cylindrical metallic rods without filler metal and without forming a rim or deformation in the welded area is described.
Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and a device for butt-welding rotational cylindrical metallic rods without filler metal and without forming a rim or deformation in the welded area. The method consists of bringing the two ends coaxially to be welded into contact proximity without compression and applying welding power while simultaneously rotating the two rods in relation to the welding heat source around their common rotational axis to an extent of more than one complete revolution.