Butyronitrile

About: Butyronitrile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 558 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6489 citations. The topic is also known as: Butanenitrile & n-Butyronitrile.

Cobalt Porphyrin Catalyzed Reduction of CO2. Radiation Chemical, Photochemical, and Electrochemical Studies

Abstract: Several cobalt porphyrins (CoP) have been reduced by radiation chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical methods, in aqueous and organic solvents. In aqueous solutions, the CoIP state is stable at high pH but is shorter lived in neutral and acidic solutions. Stable CoIP is also observed in organic solvents and is unreactive toward CO2. One-electron reduction of CoIP leads to formation of a species that is observed as a transient intermediate by pulse radiolysis in aqueous solutions and as a stable product following reduction by Na in tetrahydrofuran solutions. The spectrum of this species is not the characteristic spectrum of a metalloporphyrin π-radical anion and is ascribed to Co0P. This species binds and reduces CO2. Catalytic formation of CO and HCO2- is confirmed by photochemical experiments in acetonitrile solutions containing triethylamine as a reductive quencher. Catalytic reduction of CO2 is also confirmed by cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile and butyronitrile solutions and is shown to occur ...

Cobalt-Porphyrin Catalyzed Reduction of CO2: Radiation Chemical, Photochemical, and Electrochemical Studies

Abstract: Several cobalt porphyrins (CoP) have been reduced by radiation chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical methods, in aqueous and organic solvents. In aqueous solutions, the CoIP state is stable at high pH but is shorter lived in neutral and acidic solutions. Stable CoIP is also observed in organic solvents and is unreactive toward CO2. One-electron reduction of CoIP leads to formation of a species that is observed as a transient intermediate by pulse radiolysis in aqueous solutions and as a stable product following reduction by Na in tetrahydrofuran solutions. The spectrum of this species is not the characteristic spectrum of a metalloporphyrin π-radical anion and is ascribed to Co0P. This species binds and reduces CO2. Catalytic formation of CO and HCO2- is confirmed by photochemical experiments in acetonitrile solutions containing triethylamine as a reductive quencher. Catalytic reduction of CO2 is also confirmed by cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile and butyronitrile solutions and is shown to occur ...

On the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to amines over supported metal catalysts

Abstract: Hydrogenation of nitriles over NaY-supported transition metal catalysts has been studied in the liquid phase in an autoclave and in the gas phase in a microflow reactor. The results show that all reaction steps converting nitriles to primary, secondary and tertiary amines and unsaturated compounds take place on the catalysts surface. At low temperature the selectivity to a particular amine is controlled by the nature of metal: tertiary amines are preferentially formed over Pt/NaY, secondary amines over Pd/NaY, and primary amines over Ru/NaY. With butyronitrile, the selectivity to the primary amine over a variety of metals shows the same selectivity pattern for gas phase and liquid phase hydrogenation, it decreases in the order of Ru, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt. Clearly, no liquid phase is required for the formation of the higher amines. In the liquid phase hydrogenation of butyronitrile over PdNi/NaY in the presence of pentylamine, small amounts of the enamines: N-butenyl-dibutylamine, N-butenyl-N-butyl-pentylamine, and N-butenyl-dipentylamine have been identified by GC-MS. Higher concentrations of an enamine are found in the liquid phase hydrogenation of benzylcyanide in the presence of diethylamine over Co/Al2O3 catalyst. The concentration of the enamine, N-(2-phenylvinyl)-diethylamine, passes through a maximum with reaction time. Amine addition to the reaction mixture lowers the hydrogenation rate of either nitrile and promotes primary amine formation.