Topic
Calcitonin
About: Calcitonin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8778 publications have been published within this topic receiving 244722 citations. The topic is also known as: calcitonin & CT.
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TL;DR: The approach described here permits the application of recombinant DNA technology to analyses of complex neurobiological systems in the absence of prior structural or biological information.
Abstract: Alternative processing of the RNA transcribed from the calcitonin gene appears to result in the production of a messenger RNA in neural tissue distinct from that in thyroidal 'C' cells The thyroid mRNA encodes a precursor to the hormone calcitonin whereas that in neural tissues generates a novel neuropeptide, referred to as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) The distribution of CGRP-producing cells and pathways in the brain and other tissues suggests functions for the peptide in nociception, ingestive behaviour and modulation of the autonomic and endocrine systems The approach described here permits the application of recombinant DNA technology to analyses of complex neurobiological systems in the absence of prior structural or biological information
2,243 citations
TL;DR: A model in which developmental regulation of RNA processing is used to increase the diversity of neuroendocrine gene expression is proposed.
Abstract: Alternative processing of RNA transcripts from the calcitonin gene results in the production of distinct mRNAs encoding the hormone calcitonin or a predicted product referred to as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The calcitonin mRNA predominates in the thyroid while the CGRP-specific mRNA appears to predominate in the hypothalamus. These observations lead us to propose a model in which developmental regulation of RNA processing is used to increase the diversity of neuroendocrine gene expression.
2,030 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that local extravascular release of CGRP may be involved in the physiological control of blood flow and that circulating C GRP may contribute to hyperaemia in certain pathological conditions.
Abstract: A novel peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), has been predicted to result from alternative processing of the primary RNA transcript of the calcitonin gene in the rat. Several lines of evidence suggest that CGRP is a transmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. Human CGRP has been isolated and characterized, and shown to have potent effects on the heart. The observations presented here indicate that human and rat CGRP also have potent effects on blood vessels. Intradermal injection of CGRP in femtomole doses induces microvascular dilatation resulting in increased blood flow, which we have detected in the rabbit by using a 133Xe clearance technique. In human skin, CGRP induces persistent local reddening. Microscopic observation of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo revealed that topical application of CGRP induces dilatation of arterioles. Furthermore, CGRP relaxes strips of rat aorta in vitro by an endothelial cell-dependent mechanism. Therefore, we suggest that local extravascular release of CGRP may be involved in the physiological control of blood flow and that circulating CGRP may contribute to hyperaemia in certain pathological conditions.
2,007 citations
TL;DR: Ovariectomy induced bone loss in the rat and postmenopausal bone loss share many similar characteristics, including: increased rate of bone turnover with resorption exceeding formation; and initial rapid phase of bone loss followed by a much slower phase.
1,329 citations
TL;DR: Using expression cloning, a cDNA clone is isolated encoding rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor from rat osteosarcoma cells that is 78% identical to the opossum kidney receptor and indicates striking conservation of this receptor across distant mammalian species.
Abstract: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a major regulator of mineral ion metabolism, and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), which causes hypercalcemia in some cancer patients, stimulate multiple signals (cAMP, inositol phosphates, and calcium) probably by activating common receptors in bone and kidney Using expression cloning, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor from rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/28) cells The rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor is 78% identical to the opossum kidney receptor; this identity indicates striking conservation of this receptor across distant mammalian species Additionally, the rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor has significant homology to the secretin and calcitonin receptors but not to any other G protein-linked receptor When expressed in COS cells, a single cDNA clone, expressing either rat bone or opossum kidney PTH/PTHrP receptor, mediates PTH and PTHrP stimulation of both adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C These properties could explain the diversity of PTH action without the need to postulate other receptor subtypes
1,003 citations