Showing papers on "Calcium oxide published in 1970"

Stabilization of organic soils with lime

Abstract: AFTER A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY ON SOIL-LIME REACTIONS AND THE PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SOILS, LABORATORY STUDIES OF DIFFERENT INORGANIC AND ORGANIC SOILS SHOWED THAT THE ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL (PLASTICITY, STRENGTH, ETC.) WERE IMPROVED BY THE ADDITION OF LIME. CHANGES IN PH OF SOIL-LIME MIXTURES SHOWED THAT INCREASED LEVELS OF LIME TREATMENT WERE ABLE TO SATISFY THE BASE EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THE ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOIL AND INITIATED THE SOIL-LIME REACTION. A MINERALOGICAL INVESTIGATION WAS PERFORMED ON MIXTURES OF ORGANIC SOILS AND LIME: THE X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSES SHOWED THE PRESENCE OF CEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS SIMILAR TO THOSE REPORTED FOR THE INORGANIC SOIL-LIME REACTIONS. THE TESTED SOILS CONTAINED UP TO 20% OF ORGANIC MATTER. PREVIOUS RESEARCH AT LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY HAD SHOWN THAT THE MAJORITY OF ORGANIC SOILS IN LOUISIANA HAVE NO MORE THAN 20% OF ORGANIC MATERIALS. BASED ON THIS STUDY, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT SUCH ORGANIC SOILS CAN BE STABILIZED BY THE ADDITION OF LIME. /LSU/

Activity-composition relations at 1100°C in the system calcium oxide-iron oxide-manganese oxide in contact with metallic iron

Abstract: The extent of the solid miscibility gap in the system CaO−“FeO”−MnO at 1100°C has been determined termined by electron microprobe, point-counting, and X-ray diffraction analysis of coexisting phases within the miscibility gap. Activities of FeO in ternary solid solutions have been determined at 1100°C by equilibrating the solid solutions with metallic iron and a gas phase of known oxygen pressures. Activity-composition curves for CaO and MnO in the ternary system are calculated from a Gibbs-Duhem integration, and the data are extrapolated to the binary system CaO−MnO, which is shown to display a considerable positive deviation from ideality at 1100°C.

Evaluation of factors affecting the tensile properties of lime-treated materials

Abstract: THE INDIRECT TENSILE TEST WAS USED TO STUDY THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF LIME-TREATED MATERIALS. ONLY FACTORS INDICATED TO BE IMPORTANT BY A LITERATURE REVIEW (COMPACTIVE EFFORT, COMPACTION TYPE, CURING PROCEDURE, LIME CONTENT, CURING TEMPERATURE, CURING TIME, MOISTURE CONTENT, AND CLAY CONTENT) WERE INCLUDED IN A FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT CONSISTING OF THREE EXPERIMENTAL BLOCKS. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WAS RUN FOR INDIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH TO DETERMINE THOSE FACTORS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WHICH SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED STRENGTH AT PROBABILITY LEVELS OF 0.05 OR LOWER. THOSE EFFECTS AND INTERACTIONS WHICH WERE FELT TO BE SIGNIFICANT IN PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS ARE PRESENTED IN GRAPHS AND DISCUSSED. IN ADDITION, ALL OF THE DATA FROM THE THREE EXPERIMENTAL BLOCKS WERE POOLED FOR A LARGE REGRESSION WHICH PRODUCED A PREDICTIVE EQUATION FOR INDIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH IN TERMS OF THE SIGNIFICANT FACTORS AND INTERAC- TION. THIS EQUATION CAN BE USED TO ESTIMATE THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF LIME TREATED MATERIALS AND TO AID IN THE DESIGN OF LIME TREATED MIXTURES

The time dependence of effusion cell steady-state pressures of carbon monoxide and calcium vapors generated by the interaction of calcium oxide and graphite

Abstract: Effusion steady state pressures time dependence of carbon monoxide and calcium vapors generated during calcium oxide-graphite interaction

Desulfurization of a preoxidized oil

Abstract: A sulfur-containing oil is initially preoxidized with an oxidant, such as, an organic peroxide, an organic hydroperoxide, air or an organic peracid in the presence of a Group IV-B, Group V-B or VI-B metal catalyst, water is then added to the preoxidized oil and desulfurization is carried out with sodium oxide, potassium oxide or calcium oxide catalyst on an alumina support. Water is added to the oil prior to desulfurization at a concentration ranging from 1 to 20 percent by weight.

Thermionic cathode comprising mixture of barium oxide, calcium oxide and lithium oxide

Abstract: A cathode is disclosed utilizing an emission material of barium oxide, calcium oxide and lithium oxide.

Effects of sodium chloride and sodium chloride-lime admixtures on cohesive oklahoma soils

Abstract: SODIUM CHLORIDE HAS BEEN USED FOR MANY YEARS AS A STABILIZING ADMIXTURE IN "SELECT" BASE COURSE MATERIALS. HOWEVER, LITTLE IF ANY INVESTIGATION OF THE ENGINEERING. PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE-STABILIZED COHESIVE SOIL HAS BEEN DONE. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE-LIME ADMIXTURES ON PLASTICITY, COMPACTION, AND STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF 2 HIGH-VOLUME/CHANGE COHESIVE OKLAHOMA SOILS. AFTER REVIEW OF AVAILABLE LITERATURE AND DISCUSSION OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL REACTIONS THAT OCCUR DURING STABILIZATION, EXPERIMENTAL TEST RESULTS ARE PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED. SMALL PERCENTAGES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ADDED TO RAW SOIL WERE FOUND TO HAVE NEGLIGIBLE EFFECTS ON SOIL PLASTICITY WHILE INCREASING COMPACTED DENSITY AND DECREASING OPTIMUM COMPACTION MOISTURE CONTENT. WORKABILITY AND MOISTURE-RETENTION QUALITIES OF THE RAW SOIL WERE ALSO ENHANCED. WHEN SMALL PERCENTAGES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE WERE ADDED TO LIME-MODIFIED SOIL, SIMILAR RESULTS WERE OBTAINED: COMPACTED DENSITY WAS INCREASED, OPTIMUM MOISTURE DECREASED, AND THE WORKABILITY AND MOISTURE-RETENTION PROPERTIES OF THE SALT-LIME MIXTURES WERE ENHANCED CONSIDERABLY OVER THOSE OF LIME-MODIFIED SOIL. IN ADDITION, SALT-LIME TREATMENT PRODUCED STRENGTH GAINS OVER THOSE OBTAINED BY LIME TREATMENT ALONE, BOTH AT THE MAXIMUM COMPACTED DENSITY AND OPTIMUM MOISTURE FOR EACH TREATMENT AND WHEN THE SOILS WERE COMPACTED TO SIMILAR MOISTURE AND DENSITY CONDITIONS. REASONS FOR THE BEHAVIOR OBSERVED ARE PRESENTED. /AUTHOR/

Sintered desulfurizer for off-furnace use

Abstract: A desulfurization composition for off-furnace use consisting of crushed particles of sintered material comprising 100 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 3 to 50 parts by weight, in total, of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of up to 30 parts by weight of calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, barium fluoride, and sodium silicofluoride, and up to 40 parts by weight, in terms of sodium carbonate, of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium oxide.

Production of fresh water,brine and magnesium hydroxide

Abstract: DISCLOSED IS A METHOD FOR MAKING FRESH WATER AND BRINE FROM SEA WATER BY REACTING BITTERN, OBTAINED, FOR EXAMPLE, FROM THE EXTRACTION OF COMMON SALT, WITH CALCIUM OXIDE TO FORM AN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE WHICH IS TREATED WITH CARBON DIOXIDE TO FORM MAGNESIUM CARBONATE. THE MAGNESIUM CARBONATE IS ADDED TO THE SEA WATER TO PRECIPITATE CALCIUM OUT OF THE WATER AS CALCIUM CARBONATE WHICH IS FILTERED OFF AND THE REMAINING SOLUTION IS CONCENTRATED TO PRODUCE FRESH WATER AND BRINE. ALSO DISCLOSED IS A METHOD FOR PREPARING MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE WHEREIN AN AQUEOUS MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION IS MIXED WITH QUICKLIME IN A CLOSED, ROTARY REACTION ZONE AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 50* TO 70* C. AT A PH OF ABOUT 8.0 TO 8.5.

Evaluation of remolded field samples of lime-cement-fly ash-aggregate mixtures

Abstract: IN LATE SEASON CONSTRUCTION USING LIME-CEMENT-FLY ASH-AGGREGATE (LCFAA) MIXTURES, THE REACTION PROCESS MAY BE GREATLY RETARDED BY COOL TEMPERATURES CONSTRUCTION OF THE RUNWAYS AND TAXIWAYS AT THE NEWARK AIRPORT PROVIDED AN EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY TO COLLECT THE NECESSARY MATERIALS FOR A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF LIME AND CEMENT DOES MIGRATE OR IS LEACHED FROM THE MATERIALS DURING ADVERSE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS A LABORATORY INVESTIGATION WAS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF LEACHING OR MIGRATION OF THE LIME AND CEMENT UNDER THE FIELD CONDITIONS DESCRIBED AND THE EFFECT OF THE LEACHING AND CURING CONDITIONS ON THE SUBSEQUENT CURING OF THE LCFAA MATERIALS THE TEST PROGRAM CONSISTED OF: (1) TITRATION AND PH TESTS ON ALL FIELD SAMPLES, (2) STRENGTH AND DURABILITY TESTS ON SELECTED SAMPLES OF REMOLDED MATERIAL, AND (3) A LABORATORY STUDY TO EVALUATE LEACHING UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THE LIME AND CEMENT IN THE LCFAA MIXTURES USED IN THE NEWARK AIRPORT PAVEMENTS ARE STABLE AND ARE NOT SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT LEACHING OR MIGRATION OVER SHORT PERIODS OF TIME SPECIFICALLY, THE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THOSE LCFAA MATERIALS PLACED LATE IN THE CONSTRUCTION SEASON WILL RETAIN NEARLY ALL OF THE LIME AND CEMENT THAT WERE ADDED DURING MIXING AND THAT THIS LIME AND CEMENT WILL REACT WITH OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE MIXTURE UNDER FAVORABLE CONDITIONS EVEN AFTER BEING DORMANT FOR A CONSIDERABLE PERIOD FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THE MORE EXTENSIVE CURING IS BEFORE FREEZING AND THAWING, THE LESS DAMAGE WILL BE DONE TO THE MATERIALS BY CYCLIC FREEZING AND THAWING MATERIALS DAMAGED BY FREEZING AND THAWING WILL RECOVER A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE LOST STRENGTH UNDER FAVORABLE CURING CONDITIONS PROVIDED SUFFICIENT LIME AND CEMENT ARE RETAINED IN THE MIXTURE TO SUPPORT CONTINUING REACTIONS IT WAS OBSERVED THAT WHEN THE LCFAA MATERIALS ARE SUBJECTED TO ALTERNATE FREEZE-THAW CYCLES UNDER THE CONDITIONS USED IN THIS STUDY, THE MOST SEVERE DAMAGE TO THE MATERIALS OCCURS NEAR THE TOP OF THE SPECIMENS FOR A DEPTH OF FROM 1 TO 2 INCHES

Recovery of nickel concentrates from laterite ores

Abstract: A PROCESS IS DISCLOSED FOR THE RECOVERY OF NICKEL CONCENTRATES FROM LATERITE ORES BY SEGREGATION ROASTING WHEREIN THE ORE AFTER DRYING FOR REMOVAL OF AT LEAST PART OF THE FREE WATER IS MIXED WITH A CHLORIDIZING AGENT AND A CARBONACEOUS REDUCTAND, SUCH AS COAL OR COKE, BEFORE ROASTING. THIS MIXTURE IS HEATED TO TEMPERATURES OF 900* TO 1050*C. WHILE MAINTAINING A SLIGHTLY REDUCING ATMOSPHERE. PREFERRED CHLORIDIZING AGENT IS A MIXTURE OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND CALCIUM OXIDE. THE RESULTING SINTER IS SUBJECTED TO SUITABLE CONCENTRATION FOR FINAL NICKEL RECOVERY.

Method of producing lightweight, heat-insulating construction elements from lime and silicate and products thereof

Abstract: A method is disclosed by which light and heat-insulating elements, mainly for construction purposes, are manufactured from a mixture of lime and silicates. The method comprises the steps of mixing particles of foamed silicate or glass in a dry or wet state with lime, forming the elements eventually by applying pressure, and hardening the elements in a water vapor-containing atmosphere. The lime is used both in the form of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide.

Sintering and crystal growth of magnesia in the presence of lime and forsterite

Abstract: SUMMARY. The densification of pure magnesia was examined along with mixtures containing 0'5 and I.O mol To of calcium oxide and forsterite. The sintering behaviour at temperatures between x4oo and 1800 ~ was studied and measurements made of changes in shrinkage, porosity, bulk density, and grain size for sintering times of up to 8 h at sintering temperature. It was found that both the o'5 and I.O mol % additions enhanced the sintering of pure magnesia in the temperature range I5oo17oo ~ Increased grain growth was found for mixtures containing forsterite but little change occurred for mixtures containing lime. Examination of the grain growth data showed that the mixtures obeyed a relationship : Time at temperature  Constant ~ (grain size) n, where n = 2 for the grain growth of pure magnesia and mixtures containing lime, but n = 3 for mixtures of magnesia with additions of a silicate such as forsterite. A value of 78 kcal/mole was obtained for the grain growth of pure magnesia, which agrees with other researches. The extent of the solubility of lime in periclase for each lime-magnesia mixture at each temperature was also examined using electron probe analysis and related to the sintering behaviour observed for these mixtures. INTEREST in magnesia stems from the wide use of this oxide as a refractory in the steel-making industries. Because of its high melting point (28oo ~ and resistance to the high-temperature corrosive and erosive conditions in steel-making furnaces, large quantities of this material are used for the hearth, which contains the molten metal and its slag. Commercially available magnesia refractories now approach a high level of MgO content, where the main impurities are the oxides CaO and SiO~, which are present as silicates. Lesser impurities are F%O8, A120~, and traces of oxides such as B~Oa and Mn203. In the CaO-MgO-SiO~ system as given by Levin 0964) there are a range of silicates that can coexist with a magnesia phase at high temperature: forsterite, monticellite, merwinite, dicalcium silicate, and tricalcium silicate. The silicates, monticellite, merwinite, dicalcium silicate, and tricalcium silicate have been examined after sintering in the presence of a magnesia phase by Spencer and Coleman (I969) and it has been found that these silicates do affect the sintering and crystal (or grain) growth of magnesia in the temperature range I4OO-I8OO ~ The silicates are either molten within this temperature range, or decompose liberating free CaO, which dissolves in the periclase phase leaving a silicate system having a lower CaO/SiO2 ratio. In this system, only the phases forsterite and lime can be considered as solid phases in the range of temperatures I4OO-I8OO ~ This paper presents information on the densification and crystal growth of magnesia, magnesia-forster ite, and magnesia-lime mixtures during sintering at these temperatures. �9 Copyright The Mineralogical Society.

Nanosized bioceramic hydroxyapatite powders via sol-gel method

Abstract: High purity hydroxyapatite powders have been synthesized through sol-gel technique using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate as the precursors for calcium and phosphorus, respectively. The monomers were heated in an 11 v/v% ammonium solution at 100C until white gels of hydroxyapatite mixture were obtained. The obtained gel was then dried at ca. 350C and subsequently subjected to calcination. XRD measurement shows that the powders contain hydroxyapatite crystals with -TCP and calcium oxide as secondary phases. Hydroxyapatite powder of higher purity, i. e., the correct Ca/P ratio has been obtained, by adding an appropriate amount of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and heating with stirring. Morphological evaluation by SEM measurement shows that the particles of the HA are tightly agglomerated, globular in shape with an average size of 1-2 m. The primary particulates have average diameters of 50-200 nm, as detected by SEM and nanoparticle sizer. Purity (almost 100%) of the obtained hydroxyapatite was confirmed by XRD analysis.

Process for preparing calcined oxides

Abstract: A method for preparing calcined calcium oxide or magnesium oxide, particularly in high-bulk-density form. An aqueous solution of the nitrate of the alkaline earth metal is made strongly basic to precipitate the hydroxide. The precipitate is recovered and then washed to reduce the nitrate concentration therein to within 0.5 to 15 weight percent. The washed precipitate is calcined at from 1,200 to 1,500 DEG C for about 5 to 30 hours to produce the desired oxide.

Highly fluxed iron oxide pellet

Abstract: A highly fluxed iron oxide pellet containing about 50 percent to about 95 percent iron oxide, about 20 percent calcium oxide plus magnesium oxide, not more than 10 percent silica, not more than 2 percent alumina, the remainder incidental impurities. The ratio of the calcium oxide plus magnesium oxide to the silica plus alumina in the pellet may be from about 0.5:1 to about 4.5:1. The ratio of calcium oxide to magnesium oxide on a weight basis in the pellet is from about 90 to 10 percent to about 80 to 20 percent, respectively. The pellet of the invention is produced by forming a mix of about 60 to 95 percent iron ore concentrate, about 40 to about 5 percent flux, a binder and moisture. The mix is balled in an apparatus, for example a balling disc. The green balls are dried at a temperature not higher than 500* F. The dried green balls are fired within a temperature range of 2150* F. to 2350* F. to form pellets. The pellets are cooled to room temperature.

Metallothermic production of magnesium

Abstract: MAGNESIUM IS PRODUCED BY THE METALLOTHERMIC REDUCTION OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE IN A REACTION ZONE CONTAINING A MOLTEN SLAG OF 0-25 PERCENT ALUMIA, 30-50 PERCENT SILICA, 5-30 PERCENT MAGNESIUM OXIDE, AND THE BALANCE CALCIUM OXIDE BY MEANS OF A METALLIC REDUCING AGENT CONTAINING 50-100 PERCENT SILICON, 0-40 PERCENT ALUMINUM AND 0-15 PERCENT IRON, AND IN A REACTION-CONDESATION SYSTEM CONTAINING IN ITS VAPOR SPACE INERT GAS AT A PARTIAL PRESSURE OF 0.25-2 ATMOSPHERES.

Lime stabilization of clay-sand mixtures

Abstract: LABORATORY-PREPARED, LIME-TREATED, CLAY-SAND MIXTURES WERE STUDIED. A 5 PERCENT LIME-TREATMENT LEVEL WAS CHOSEN FOR THE MAJOR PART OF THIS INVESTIGATION; HOWEVER, A LIMITED NUMBER OF SAMPLES WERE MIXED WITH 3 AND 7 PERCENT LIME. THE PERCENTAGES OF LIME SPECIFIED HERE WERE BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE WHOLE SOIL MIXTURE. ESSENTIALLY, 2 TYPES OF CLAY-SAND MIXTURES WERE INVESTIGATED: A HYDRITE UF-SAND MIXTURE AND A GRUNDITE-SAND MIXTURE. WITHIN EACH TYPE OF MIXTURE, THERE WERE DIFFERENT CLAY-SAND RATIOS. DIFFERENT COMPACTIVE EFFORTS WERE APPLIED TO FABRICATE CYLINDRICAL SAMPLES OF VARIOUS CLAY-SAND RATIOS TO THE DESIRED DRY DENSITIES, WHICH WERE TAKEN AS 95 PERCENT OF THE MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY OF A SPECIFIED COMPACTIVE EFFORT OF THE CORRESPONDING UNTREATED SAMPLES. UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS AND PH VALUES WERE DETERMINED ON SAMPLES CURED FOR 1 TO 12 WEEKS. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIME-SOIL STABILIZATION APPEARS TO BE RELATED TO THE FINE-GRAIN FRACTION/LIME RATIO (FGF/L) OF A SOIL MIXTURE. FOR THE 2 TYPES OF CLAY-SAND MIXTURES STUDIED, THE OPTIMUM FGF/L RATIOS FOR MAXIMUM STRENGTH RANGE FROM 14 TO 12 DEPENDING ON CURING PERIOD. THE RATE OF STRENGTH GAIN IS AFFECTED BY THE LIME-TREATMENT LEVEL; HOWEVER, THE OPTIMUM FGF/L RATIO IS ONLY SLIGHTLY AFFECTED. THE MAGNITUDES OF MAXIMUM STRENGTH FOR A GIVEN FGF/L RATIO VARY WITH THE COARSE-GRAIN FRACTION CONTENT IN A SOIL MIXTURE-THE LOWER THE COARSE-GRAIN FRACTION CONTENT IS, THE HIGHER THE STRENGTH. IT IS BELIEVED THAT THE FGF/L RATIO IS A MORE INDICATIVE PARAMETER FOR DEALING WITH LIME-SOIL STABILIZATION THAN THE LIME PERCENTAGE SPECIFIED ON THE BASIS OF EITHER TOTAL WEIGHT OR TOTAL VOLUME OF THE WHOLE SOIL MIXTURE. /AUTHOR/

Process for the manufacture of calcium carbide of predetermined quality

Abstract: Production of calcium carbide of low gas yield from calcium carbide of higher gas yield. Calcium oxide having a particle size of between 1 and 8 mm is introduced,preferably during tapping, into the melt of such calcium carbide of higher gas yield.

Differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis of reacted bentonite-lime-water mixtures

Abstract: THERMAL METHODS ARE APPLIED TO SUPPLEMENT PREVIOUS RESULTS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION OF MIXTURES OF BENTONITE WITH CALCITIC, MONOHYDRATED, AND DIHYDRATED DOLOMITIC LIME REACTED IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER AT 23 C FOR 3 YEARS IN SEALED CONTAINERS. IN ADDITION, THE CURED MIXTURES WERE REACTED AT APPROXIMATELY 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT TEMPERATURES OF 40 AND 80 C FOR 4 TO 5 DAYS. THESE MIXTURES WERE THEN SUBJECTED TO HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT AT SEVERAL INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES TO 170 C. X-RAY DIFFRACTION INDICATED CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE (CSH) GEL, CSH I, AND POSSIBLY CSH II IN ALL ROOM-CURED MIXTURES. BETTER CRYSTALLIZED CSH PHASES, INCLUDING TOBERMORITE, RESULTED FROM HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT. IN MOST INSTANCES, RESULTS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION WERE CONFIRMED USING THERMAL METHODS. IN ADDITION THERE WERE NEW FINDINGS; IT WAS POSSIBLE TO CHARACTERIZE REACTION PRODUCTS HAVING LOW DEGREES OF CRYSTALLINITY. A CHLORITE-LIKE MINERAL WAS NOTED IN ALL MIXTURES CONTAINING DOLOMITIC LIME. CSH II WAS ALSO CLEARLY IDENTIFIED AS A REACTION PRODUCT IN MOST OF THE MIXTURES, PARTICULARLY THOSE REACTED AT INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES. /AUTHOR/

Method and compositions for removing phosphates from water

Abstract: METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR INORGANIC PHOSPHATES FROM WASTE WATERS WHEREIN THE PHOSPHATE BEARING WATER IS CONTACTED WITH A BOROSILICATE GLASS COMPOSITION CONTAINING FROM 5 TO 25% BY WEIGHT OF ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING OXIDES: CALCIUM OXIDE, BARIUM OXIDE AND ZINC OXIDE.

Method of preparing calcium sulfite for use as a filler for plastics

Abstract: A METHOD OF PREPARING CALCIUM SULFITE TO BE USED AS A FILLER FOR PLASTICS, WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF HYDRATING CALCIUM OXIDE WITH WATER AT ELEVATED TEMPRATURES TO CONVERT IT INTO CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND INTRODUCING SULFUR DIOXIDE GAS INTO THE RESULTANT AQUEOUS SUPSION OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES UNTIL THE PH OF THE SOLUTION REACH THE RANGE OF 7-13.

Pre-stressed concrete injection mortar

Abstract: Fills tube space between jacket tube and stress steel; portland cement is used as binder. Gypsum-free portland cement is used. Preferably, water-swellable colloids, particularly cellulose products such as methylcellulose, montmorillonite earth or others are used if necessary as setting time regulators in place of gypsum. Mortar mixture contains calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide, =10%; and/or high quantity (=30%) of reactive silica, so-called pozzuolana, particularly trass-flour. Advantage: improved mortar, with better corrosion protection, and reduction or prevention of settling tendency causing water separation and favouring corrosion.

Lime grout penetration and associated moisture movements in soil

Abstract: THE USE OF LIME, PLACED OR INJECTED, FOR DEEP SOIL STABILIZATION HAS BEEN A MATTER OF SOME CONTROVERSY. TO PERMIT A RATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THIS PROCESS FOR DESIGN PURPOSES, A SERIES OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS WAS MADE. THESE WERE PARTICULARLY CHOSEN TO DETERMINE WHETHER DIVERSE SOILS SUBJECT TO INTERMITTENT SEVERE DRYING AND OCCASIONAL FLOODING MIGHT BE STABILIZED BY A LIME GROUTING PROCESS, AND IF SO WHAT RATIONAL DESIGN PROCEDURES WOULD BE REQUIRED. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT FISSURING OF THE SOIL AND THE MOISTURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE GROUT ARE MAJOR PARAMETERS FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES, AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF DRILL-LIME AND LIME GROUT INJECTION PROCESSES HAVE BEEN CRITICALLY EVALUATED. /TRRL/

Preparation of magnesium alkali phosphate- - gypsum mixture cpds as fertilizers

Abstract: A mixture of the oxides of calcium and magnesium or roasted dolomite is reacted with an alkali sulphate and phosphoric acid and calcium oxide or equimolar mixtures of magnesium sulphate and potassium or sodium sulphate are reacted with dolomite and phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide. Superphosphate can also be used instead of calcium oxide and phosphoric acid.

Method of making an extruded expanded protein product

Abstract: AN EXPANDED PROTEIN MATERIAL FOR FOOD USE IN MADE BY PREPARING A MIX CONTAINING A PROTEINACEOUS MATERIAL, WATER AND MAGENSIUM OXIDE AND/OR CALCIUM OXIDE, WHEREIN THE MIX IS SUBJECTED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE FOLLOWED BY A SUDDEN RELEASE OF PRESSURE TO EXPAND THE PROTEINACEOUS MIXTURE.