Calorimeter

About: Calorimeter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5878 publications have been published within this topic receiving 77157 citations.

Nanoscale quantum calorimetry with electronic temperature fluctuations

Abstract: Motivated by the recent development of fast and ultrasensitive thermometry in nanoscale systems, we investigate quantum calorimetric detection of individual heat pulses in the sub-meV energy range. We propose a hybrid superconducting injector-calorimeter setup, with the energy of injected pulses carried by tunneling electrons. It is shown that the superconductor constitutes a versatile injector, with tunable tunnel rates and energies. Treating all heat transfer events microscopically, we analyze the statistics of the calorimeter temperature fluctuations and derive conditions for an accurate measurement of the heat pulse energies. Our results pave the way for fundamental quantum thermodynamics experiments, including calorimetric detection of single microwave photons.

Development of Apparatus for Simultaneous Measurements of Raman Spectroscopy and High-Sensitivity Calorimetry

Abstract: We constructed an apparatus that enables us to simultaneously detect structural changes of molecules and the accompanying thermal phenomena by combining a commercially available Raman spectrometer and a hand-made calorimeter. The use of thermoelectric modules as a heat flux sensor and as a heat pump in our calorimeter enables us to measure thermal phenomena with high sensitivity and high thermal stability at very slow heating and cooling rates. Efficiency is important to treat a small amount of sample and also to make the experimental conditions nearly quasi-static by balancing the heating effect of laser beam irradiation. As a performance test, we measured a prototype ionic liquid (IL), 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br), which has some characteristic thermal properties. It was confirmed that the melting links to the cooperative conformational change of the butyl group in the [bmim]+ ion.

Differential isoperibol scanning calorimeter

Abstract: A continuously operating non-adiabatic, differential calorimeter, i.e., a differential isoperibol scanning calorimeter, for measuring the heat capacity of small samples typically from 10 milligrams to 50 milligrams, in a temperature range from about 1 Kelvin to about 100 Kelvin.

Using heat release rate to assess combustibility of building products in the cone calorimeter

Abstract: Building codes generally permit unlimited use of materials that contribute negligible quantities of heat in the event of a fire. These materials are referred to as non-combustible. Whether a material qualifies as being non-combustible is generally based on performance in a small-scale furnace test, or on its potential heat content measured in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. However, furnace and oxygen bomb methods to assess combustibility have serious limitations. The most significant limitations are that materials cannot be evaluated in their end-use configuration, that test conditions are not representative of real fire exposure conditions, and that the test results do not provide a realistic measure of the expected heat release rate. These limitations lead to the idea of exploring the use of small-scale heat release calorimeters to assess material combustibility. The Cone Calorimeter has emerged in recent years as the most widely used apparatus for this application. In this paper, an overview is presented of past efforts to assess combustibility based on heat release rate measurements. The main results of the most recent Cone Calorimeter round robin conducted in North America are discussed. It is concluded from the results of this round robin that the Cone Calorimeter is indeed suitable for measuring heat release rate from materials and products with low heat content. Limitations due to Cone Calorimeter specimen size can be alleviated by using a larger calorimeter, such as the Intermediate Scale Calorimeter or ICAL (ASTM E 1623.) However, more research is needed to extend the correlation between Cone Calorimeter and ICAL data to a wider range of materials. The biggest challenge is perhaps the implementation of a system to assess combustibility on the basis of heat release rate in the building codes. Implementation could consist of a classification system that is accepted as an alternative to the present prescriptive requirements and/or promoting the use of heat release rate data in performance-based design.