Topic
Calorimeter
About: Calorimeter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5878 publications have been published within this topic receiving 77157 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, two models that can be used to predict full-scale heat release rates of polyurethane foam slabs were evaluated in comparison with results of furniture calorimeter tests.
Abstract: Two models that can be used to predict full-scale heat release rates of polyurethane foam slabs were evaluated in this study. Predictions were compared with results of furniture calorimeter tests of 10 cm thick polyurethane foam specimens which were ignited in the centre or on the edge. Furniture calorimeter results indicated that peak heat release rates and fire growth rates were higher during centre ignition tests than edge ignition tests. For both situations, the growth phase of the heat release rate curves measured in the full-scale tests was successfully predicted using t2 design fires; the choice of a specific t2 fire depended on the surface area of the specimen and ignition location. A model originally developed during the European Combustion Behaviour of Upholstered Furniture (CBUF) project was also evaluated using heat release rate data from cone calorimeter tests and flame area burning rates measured using infrared video records of the furniture calorimeter tests. This model was able to successfully predict the initial growth phase of the fires and predictions of peak heat release rates were within 17% of measured values. The model had less success in predicting heat release rates later in the growth phase and during the decay phase of the fires, and did not appear to capture all of the physics of the full-scale tests, in particular foam melting and subsequent liquid pool burning. As the model did show promise, future work is planned to address these shortcomings and to develop improved flame spread models for polyurethane foam.
24 citations
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TL;DR: The combined zero degree calorimeter (ZDC) as mentioned in this paper is a combination of sampling quartz/tungsten electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, which can be used for a variety of physics measurements as well as improving the collision centrality determination in heavy ion collisions.
Abstract: The combined zero degree calorimeter (ZDC) is a combination of sampling quartz/tungsten electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters. Two identical combined calorimeters are located in the LHC tunnel at CERN at the straight section ~140 m on each side of the CMS interaction vertex and between the two beam pipes. They will detect very forward photons and neutrons. ZDC information can be used for a variety of physics measurements as well as improving the collision centrality determination in heavy-ion collisions. Results are presented for ZDC performance studies with the CERN SPS H2 test beam.
23 citations
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15 Dec 2005-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical program was developed to simulate the complete heat flow path within a differential scanning calorimeter and to enable more accurate interpretation of the measured data, including the sample, reference, containers, thermocouples and furnace.
Abstract: The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is often used to determine the transition temperature and enthalpy change in alloys, and the accuracy of measurements is significantly affected by the details of the heat transfer within the DSC. A numerical programme has been developed to simulate the complete heat flow path within a DSC and to enable more accurate interpretation of the measured data. In the programme, heat exchange is calculated between various parts of the calorimeter, including the sample, reference, containers, thermocouples and furnace. By fitting measured data for a pure metal with known enthalpy and melting temperature, heat transfer coefficients between the various parts of a calorimeter can be determined through an iterative process. With the known heat transfer coefficients, accurate enthalpy change and transition temperature can be calculated from experimental data.
23 citations
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TL;DR: An isothermal displacement calorimeter of the Van Ness type has been constructed in this paper, which was tested on three systems, benzene+cyclohexane, cyclohexanes+n-hexane and benzene +dichloromethane, at 25°C.
Abstract: An isothermal displacement calorimeter of the Van Ness type has been constructed. The calorimeter was tested on three systems, benzene+cyclohexane, cyclohexane+n-hexane, and benzene+dichloromethane, at 25°C, and the performance of the calorimeter was discussed in connection with the literature values. The precision of the new calorimeter was within 0.5%; this was equal to, or better than, that of calorimeters of a similar type which have been constructed by several investigators.
23 citations
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TL;DR: The construction and operation details of a local absorbed dose microcalorimeter are presented and the use of a secondary standard under specified conditions is given together with details of calibration for use with high-energy electrons.
Abstract: The construction and operation details of a local absorbed dose microcalorimeter are presented. This calorimeter measures the absorbed dose rate at any desired point within an irradiated medium. The measurement is specific to a sufficiently limited region (2.0 cm in dia, 0.3 cm deep) that the measurement is essentially at a point and no integration or averaging process is necessary to qualify either the absorbed dose, or its rate. The system is sufficiently sensitive to provide about 1% accuracy at dose rates of 50 rads/min. The application of this calorimeter to 10-Mev and 20-Mev incident electrons is described. The use of a secondary standard (Victoreen 25-r chamber) under specified conditions is given together with details of calibration for use with high-energy electrons. The influence of the polarization effect was noted. The Fricke ferrous sulfate dosirieter was also calibrated for these energies of electrons. Samples of dosimeter solution were exposed in a geometry identical with that of the small sensitive region of the calorimeter. A value of G/sub Fe// sup 3+/ of 15.32 plus or minus 0.34 was obtained for 10-Mev electrons, and a value of 15.17 plus or minus 0.28 for 20-Mev electrons. (auth)
23 citations